Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.130
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12.130.1
त्रैः प्रहीयमाणस्य बह्वमित्रस्य का गतिः ।
… संक्षीणकोशस्य बलहीनस्य भारत ॥ १२.१३०.१ ॥
O Bhārata, what is the course for one who is diminished on three sides, has many enemies, whose treasury is depleted, and who is lacking in strength? …
12.130.2
…मात्यसहायस्य श्रुतमन्त्रस्य सर्वतः ।
ज्यात्प्रच्यवमानस्य गतिमन्यामपश्यतः ॥ १२.१३०.२ ॥
…one without ministers as helpers, whose counsels are known on all sides, who is falling from his position, and sees no other course…
12.130.3
परचक्राभियातस्य परराष्ट्राणि मृद्गतः ।
विग्रहे वर्तमानस्य दुर्बलस्य बलीयसा ॥ १२.१३०.३ ॥
of the weak one who is attacked by the enemy's army, trampling on other kingdoms, engaged in war against the stronger one…
12.130.4
असंविहितराष्ट्रस्य देशकालावजानतः ।
अप्राप्यं च भवेत्सान्त्वं भेदो वाऽप्यतिपीडनात्। ॥ १२.१३०.४ ॥
For one whose kingdom is ill-ordered and who disregards place and time, conciliation becomes unattainable; or else division arises from excessive oppression.
12.130.5
जीवितं त्वर्थहेतोर्वा तत्र किं सुकृतं भवेत् ।
गुह्यां मा धर्ममप्राक्षीरतीव भरतर्षभ। ॥ १२.१३०.५ ॥
But if it is for life or for wealth, what good deed could there be in that? O bull of the Bharatas, do not ask so much about this secret dharma.
12.130.6
प्रवक्तुं नोत्सहे पृष्टो धर्ममेतं युधिष्ठिर ।
धर्मो ह्यणीयान्वचनाद्वुद्धेश्च भरतर्षभ।
श्रुत्वौपम्यं सदाचारैः साधुर्भवति स क्वचित् ॥ १२.१३०.६ ॥
O Yudhiṣṭhira, even though asked, I am not willing to speak of this dharma. O bull of the Bharatas, dharma is subtler than speech and than the intellect; having heard the comparison of the virtuous, one at some time becomes good.
12.130.7
कर्मणा बुद्धिपूर्वेण भवत्याढ्ये न वा पुनः ।
तादृशोऽयमनुप्रश्नस्तद्ध्यायस्व स्वया धिया ॥ १२.१३०.७ ॥
Whether a man becomes prosperous through deliberate action or not, this is a similar follow-up question; reflect on it with your own intellect.
12.130.8
उपायं धर्मबहुलं यात्रार्थं शृणु भारत ।
नाहमेतादृशे धर्मे बुभूषे धर्मकारणात् ॥ १२.१३०.८ ॥
Hear, O Bhārata, the means rich in dharma for conducting affairs; I do not wish to be in such a dharma for the sake of dharma.
12.130.9
दुःखादान इह ह्येष स्यात्तु पश्चात्क्षमो मम ।
अभिगम्य मतीनां हि सर्वासामेव निश्चयम् ॥ १२.१३०.९ ॥
Here this may bring sorrow, but afterwards I shall be able, having approached the conclusion of all opinions.
12.130.10
यथायथा हि पुरुषो नित्यं शास्त्रमवेक्षते ।
तथातथा विजानाति विज्ञानं चास्य रोचते ॥ १२.१३०.१० ॥
The more a man constantly examines the scripture, the more he understands, and his knowledge grows bright.
12.130.11
अविज्ञानादयोगो हि पुरुषस्योपजायते ।
विज्ञानादपि योगश्च योगो भूतिकरः परः ॥ १२.१३०.११ ॥
From ignorance arises non-union for a man; and from knowledge comes union as well, and that union is the supreme cause of prosperity.
12.130.12
अशङ्कमानो वचनमनसूयुरिदं शृणु ।
राज्ञः कोशक्षयादेव जायते बलसंक्षयः ॥ १२.१३०.१२ ॥
Without doubt and without envy, hear this word: from the depletion of the king's treasury alone arises the loss of strength.
12.130.13
कोशं संजनयेद्राजा नित्यमेभ्यो यथाबलम् ।
कालं प्राप्यानुगृह्णीयादेष धर्मोऽत्र सांप्रतम् ॥ १२.१३०.१३ ॥
The king should constantly build up his treasury from these people according to his strength; when the time comes he should also show favour. This, here and now, is the duty.
12.130.14
उपायधर्मं प्राप्यैनं पूर्वैराचरितं जनैः ।
अन्यो धर्मः समर्थानामापत्स्वल्पश्च भारत ॥ १२.१३०.१४ ॥
Having resorted to this duty of expedients, practised by the ancients, there is another duty for the capable in calamity, O Bhārata, and it is a minor one.
12.130.15
प्रकार्यं प्रोच्यते धर्मो वृत्तिर्धर्मे गरीयसी ।
धर्मं प्राप्य यथान्यायं न बलीयान्निषीदति ॥ १२.१३०.१५ ॥
Action is called duty, and in duty livelihood is the weightier thing. Having attained duty rightly, even the strong man does not fall.
12.130.16
यस्माद्धर्मस्योपचितिरेकान्तेन न विद्यते ।
तस्मादापद्यधर्मोऽपि श्रूयते धर्मलक्षणः ॥ १२.१३०.१६ ॥
Because the accumulation of dharma is never complete, the duty of calamity too is heard as bearing the marks of dharma.
12.130.17
अधर्मो जायते तस्मिन्निति वै कवयो विदुः ।
अनन्तरं क्षत्रियस्य तत्र किं विचिकित्स्यते ॥ १२.१३०.१७ ॥
In that case unrighteousness arises, so the wise know. Then what is there for the kṣatriya to doubt in that case?
12.130.18
यथास्य धर्मो न ग्लायेन्नेयाच्छत्रुवशं यथा ।
तत्कर्तव्यमिहेत्याहुर्नात्मानमवसादयेत् ॥ १२.१३०.१८ ॥
So that his duty does not fail and he does not fall into the enemy's power, that is what should be done here, they say; one should not let oneself sink.
12.130.19
सर्वात्मनैव धर्मस्य न परस्य न चात्मनः ।
सर्वोपायैरुज्जिहीर्षेदात्मानमिति निश्चयः ॥ १२.१३०.१९ ॥
Wholly for the sake of dharma, not for another and not for oneself, by every means one should lift oneself up — this is the resolve.
12.130.20
तत्र धर्मविदस्तात निश्चयो धर्मनैपुणैः ।
उद्यमं जीवनं क्षात्रे बाहुवीर्यादिति श्रुतिः ॥ १२.१३०.२० ॥
Dear son, in this matter the resolve of those who know dharma and are skilled in dharma is this: the livelihood of a kṣatriya rests on effort and on the strength of his arms, so says the śruti.
12.130.21
क्षत्रियो वृत्तिसंरोधे कस्य नादातुमर्हति ।
अन्यत्र तापसस्वाच्च श्रोत्रियस्वाच्च भारत ॥ १२.१३०.२१ ॥
When a kṣatriya's livelihood is blocked, he is entitled to take from anyone, except the wealth of ascetics and the wealth of learned brahmins, O Bhārata.
12.130.22
यथा वै ब्राह्मणः सीदन्नयाज्यमपि याजयेत् ।
अभोज्यमपि चाश्नीयात्तत्रेदं नात्र संशयः ॥ १२.१३०.२२ ॥
Just as a brahmin in distress may officiate even for one for whom he should not officiate, and may even eat forbidden food — of this there is no doubt.
12.130.23
पीडितस्य किमद्वारमुत्पथेनार्दितस्य च ।
अद्वारतः प्रद्रवति यथा भवति पीडितः ॥ १२.१३०.२३ ॥
For one who is afflicted, and tormented by a wrong path, what door of escape is there? One who flees without a door is afflicted just the same.
12.130.24
तस्य कोशबलग्लान्यां सर्वलोकपराभवः ।
भैक्षचर्या न विहिता न च विट्शूद्रजीविका ॥ १२.१३०.२४ ॥
When his treasury and army are weakened, he is despised by all the world. Begging for alms is not prescribed, nor is the livelihood of a vaiśya or śūdra.
12.130.25
स्वधर्मानन्तरावृत्तिर्याऽन्यामनुपजीवतः ।
जहतः प्रथमं कल्पमनुकल्पेन जीवनम् ॥ १२.१३०.२५ ॥
Return to one's own duty in its next order belongs to one who does not live by another means; for one who abandons the first prescribed means, life goes on by the alternative means.
12.130.26
आपद्गतेन धर्माणामन्यायेनोपजीवनम् ।
अपि ह्येतद्ब्राह्मणेषु दृष्टं वृत्तिपरिक्षये ॥ १२.१३०.२६ ॥
One fallen into distress may live by unlawful means contrary to the duties; this has been seen even among brahmins when livelihood is exhausted.
12.130.27
क्षत्रिये संशयः कस्मादित्येत्निश्चितं सदा ।
आददीत विशिष्टेभ्यो नावसीदेत्कथंचन ॥ १२.१३०.२७ ॥
Why should there be doubt about a kṣatriya? This is always settled: he should take from the distinguished ones, and should not sink down in any way.
12.130.28
आर्तानां रक्षितारं च प्रजानां क्षत्रियं विदुः ।
तस्मात्संरक्षता कार्यमादानं क्षत्रबन्धुना ॥ १२.१३०.२८ ॥
They know the kṣatriya as the protector of the afflicted and the subjects; therefore, a kṣatriya kinsman who protects should do the taking.
12.130.29
अन्यत्रापि विहिंसाया वृत्तिर्नेहास्ति कस्यचित् ।
अप्यरण्यसमुत्थस्य एकस्य चरतो मुनेः ॥ १२.१३०.२९ ॥
Even elsewhere, a livelihood from harming others is not for anyone here; not even for a solitary sage who wanders, born of the forest.
12.130.30
न शङ्खलिखितां वृत्तिं शक्यमास्थाय जीवितुम् ।
विशेषतः कुरुश्रेष्ठ प्रजापालनमीप्सता ॥ १२.१३०.३० ॥
It is not possible to live by the livelihood of Śaṅkha and Likhita, O best of the Kurus, especially for one who desires to protect the subjects.
12.130.31
परस्पराभिहरणं राज्ञा राष्ट्रेण चापदि ।
नित्यमेव हि कर्तव्यमेष धर्मः सनातनः ॥ १२.१३०.३१ ॥
In calamity the king and the realm must always aid one another; this is the eternal dharma.
12.130.32
राजा राष्ट्रं यथापत्सु द्रव्यौधैः परिरक्षति ।
राष्ट्रेण राजा व्यसने परिरक्ष्यस्तथा भवेत् ॥ १२.१३०.३२ ॥
As the king protects the realm in calamities with heaps of wealth, so in misfortune the realm should protect the king.
12.130.33
कोशं दण्डं बलं मित्रं यदन्यदपि संचितम् ।
न कुर्वीतान्तरं राष्ट्रे राजा परिगतः क्षुधा ॥ १२.१३०.३३ ॥
Even when beset by hunger, the king should not make any distinction against the realm in his treasury, army, strength, allies, or whatever else has been accumulated.
12.130.34
बीजं भक्तेन संपाद्यमिति धर्मविदो विदुः ।
अत्रैतच्छम्बरस्याहुर्महामायस्य दर्शनम् ॥ १२.१३०.३४ ॥
Those who know dharma say that the seed must be provided for with food; here, they say, is the teaching of the great illusionist Śambara.
12.130.35
धिक्तस्य जीवितं राज्ञो राष्ट्रं यस्यावसीदति ।
अवृत्त्यान्यमनुष्योऽपि यो वैदेशिक इत्यपि ॥ १२.१३०.३५ ॥
Shame upon the life of that king whose realm is sinking through lack of livelihood, where other men, even foreigners, also suffer.
12.130.36
राज्ञः कोशबलं मूलं कोशमूलं पुनर्बलम् ।
तन्मूलं सर्वधर्माणां धर्ममूलाः पुनः प्रजाः ॥ १२.१३०.३६ ॥
The root of a king is treasury and strength; the root of treasury is again strength. That is the root of all dharmas, and the subjects in turn are rooted in the root of dharma.
12.130.37
नान्यानपीडयित्वेह कोशः शक्यः कुतो बलम् ।
तदर्थं पीडयित्वा च न दोषं प्राप्नुमर्हति ॥ १२.१३०.३७ ॥
Here, without oppressing others, how can there be a treasury, or how strength? For its sake, even having oppressed, a king does not deserve to incur fault.
12.130.38
अकार्यमपि कार्यार्थं क्रियते यज्ञकर्मसु ।
एतस्मिन्कारणे राजा न दोषं प्राप्नुमर्हति ॥ १२.१३०.३८ ॥
Even what should not be done is done for the sake of a duty in sacrificial rites. For this reason the king does not deserve to incur fault.
12.130.39
अर्थार्थमन्यद्भवति विपरीतमथापरम् ।
अनर्थार्थमथाप्यन्यत्तत्सर्वं ह्यर्थकारणम्।
एवं बुद्ध्या संप्रपश्येन्मेधावी कार्यनिश्चयम् ॥ १२.१३०.३९ ॥
For the sake of gain one thing happens, and another is its reverse. For the sake of loss, again, there is something else; all of that is indeed the cause of gain. Thus the wise man should see with intellect the determination of action.
12.130.40
यज्ञार्थमन्यद्भवति यज्ञोऽन्यार्थस्तथाः परः ।
यज्ञस्वार्थार्थमेवान्यत्तत्सर्वं यज्ञसाधकम् ॥ १२.१३०.४० ॥
For the sake of sacrifice another thing comes about; sacrifice itself serves another purpose, and likewise another. For the sake of sacrifice's own gain there is still another; all of that accomplishes the sacrifice.
12.130.41
उपमामत्र वक्ष्यामि धर्मतत्त्वप्रकाशिनीम् ॥ १२.१३०.४१ ॥
Here I will tell a simile that illuminates the essence of dharma.
12.130.42
यूपं छिन्दन्ति यज्ञार्थं तत्र ये परिपन्थिः ।
द्रुमाः केचन सामन्ता ध्रुवं छिन्दन्ति तानपि ॥ १२.१३०.४२ ॥
For the sake of sacrifice they cut the sacrificial post, and there, certainly, they also cut the neighboring trees that obstruct the path.
12.130.43
ते चापि निपतन्तोऽन्यान्निघ्नन्त्यपि वनस्पतीन् ।
एवं कोशस्य महतो ये नराः परिपन्थिनः।
तानहत्वा न पश्यामि सिद्धिमत्र परंतप ॥ १२.१३०.४३ ॥
As they fall, they strike down others and even trees. Likewise, I see no success here without slaying the men who obstruct the great treasury, O scorcher of foes.
12.130.44
धनेन जयते लोकमिमं चामुं च भारत ।
सत्यं च धर्मवचनं यथा नास्त्यधनस्तथा ॥ १२.१३०.४४ ॥
By wealth one conquers this world and the other, O Bhārata. Truth and words of dharma likewise belong to none without wealth.
12.130.45
सर्वोपायैराददीत धनं यज्ञप्रयोजनम् ।
न तुल्यदोषः स्यादेवं कार्याकार्येषु भारत ॥ १२.१३०.४५ ॥
Wealth for the purpose of sacrifice should be taken by every means. Thus there will be no equal fault in what should and should not be done, O Bhārata.
12.130.46
नोभौ सभवतो राजन्कथंचिदपि भारत ।
न ह्यरण्येषु पश्यामि धनवृद्धानहं क्वचित् ॥ १२.१३०.४६ ॥
Neither of the two who dwell in the assembly, O king, O Bhārata, is in any way so. I never see the wealthy-grown in the forests anywhere.
12.130.47
यदिदं दृश्यते वित्तं पृथिव्यामिह किंचन ।
ममेदं स्यान्ममेदं स्यादित्येवं मन्यते जनः ॥ १२.१३०.४७ ॥
Whatever wealth is seen here on the earth, a person thinks: 'May this be mine, may this be mine.'
12.130.48
न च राज्ञः समो धर्मः कश्चिदस्ति कथंचन ।
धर्मः संशब्दितो राज्ञामापदर्थस्ततोऽन्यथा ॥ १२.१३०.४८ ॥
No duty is in any way equal to a king's. Dharma for kings has been declared thus; in calamity its aim is otherwise.
12.130.49
ज्ञानेन कर्मणा चान्ये तपन्त्यन्ये तपस्विनः ।
बुद्ध्या दाक्ष्येण चैवान्ये चिन्वन्ति धनसंचयान् ॥ १२.१३०.४९ ॥
Some strive through knowledge and action, others through ascetic austerity; and still others gather stores of wealth through intelligence and skill.
12.130.50
अधनं दुर्बलं प्राहुर्धनेन बलवान्भवेत् ।
सर्वं बलवतः प्राप्यं सर्वं तरति कोशवान् ॥ १२.१३०.५० ॥
They call the one without wealth weak; by wealth a man becomes strong. Everything is attainable for the strong, and the one who has a treasury overcomes everything.
12.130.51
कोशो धर्मश्च कामश्च परलोकस्तथा ह्ययम् ।
तं धर्मेण विलिप्सेत नाधर्मेण कदाचन ॥ १२.१३०.५१ ॥
Treasury, dharma, desire, and the next world — all of these are in this. One should seek it only through dharma, never through adharma.