Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.14

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12.14.1

अव्याहरति कौन्तेये धर्मराजे युधिष्ठिरे ।
भ्रातृणां ब्रुवतां तांस्तान्विविधान्वेदनिश्चयान् ॥ १२.१४.१ ॥

The son of Kuntī, King Yudhiṣṭhira, the lord of dharma, said nothing while his brothers spoke their various resolute judgments drawn from the Vedas.

12.14.2

महाभिजनसंपन्ना श्रीमत्यायतलोचना ।
अभ्यभाषत राजानं द्रौपदी योषितां वरा ॥ १२.१४.२ ॥

Draupadī, born of a great lineage, radiant, long-eyed and the best of women, addressed the king.

12.14.3

आसीनमृषभं राज्ञां भ्रातृभिः परिवारितम् ।
सिंहशार्दूलसदृशैर्वारणैरिव यूथपम् ॥ १२.१४.३ ॥

The bull among kings sat surrounded by his brothers, who were like lions and tigers, as the leader of a herd of elephants is surrounded.

12.14.4

अभिमानवती नित्यं विशेषेण युधिष्ठिरे ।
लालिता सततं राज्ञा धर्माधर्मनिदर्शिनी ॥ १२.१४.४ ॥

She was always proud, especially toward Yudhiṣṭhira, constantly cherished by the king, and one who pointed out dharma and adharma.

12.14.5

आमन्त्रयित्वा सुश्रोणी साम्ना परमवल्गुना ।
भर्तारमभिसंप्रेक्ष्य ततो वचनमब्रवीत् ॥ १२.१४.५ ॥

Having addressed her husband, the fair-hipped one looked at him with the gentlest and sweetest words, and then spoke these words.

12.14.6

इमे ते भ्रातरः पार्थ शुष्यन्ते स्तोकका इव ।
वावाश्यमानास्तिष्ठन्ति न चैनानभिनन्दसे ॥ १२.१४.६ ॥

O Pārtha, these brothers of yours are withering like little children; they stand lamenting, and you do not welcome them.

12.14.7

नन्दयैतान्महाराज मत्तानिव महाद्विपान् ।
उपपन्नेन वाक्येन सततं दुःखभागिनः ॥ १२.१४.७ ॥

Great king, gladden these men, who are constantly sharers of sorrow, as one gladdens maddened great elephants, with fitting words.

12.14.8

कथं द्वैतवने राजन्पूर्वमुक्त्वा तथा वचः ।
भ्रातॄनेतान्स्म सहिताञ्शीतवातातपार्दितान् ॥ १२.१४.८ ॥

O king, how, having spoken thus before in the Dvaita forest, can you look on these brothers, together and afflicted by cold, wind and heat?

12.14.9

वयं दुर्योधनं हत्वा मृधे भोक्ष्याम मेदिनीम् ।
संपूर्णां सर्वकामानामाहवे विजयैषिणः ॥ १२.१४.९ ॥

Having slain Duryodhana in battle, we who seek victory shall enjoy the earth, full of all desires.

12.14.10

नृवीरांश्च रथान्हत्वा निहत्य च महागजान् ।
संस्तीर्य च रथैर्भूमिं ससादिभिररिंदमाः ॥ १२.१४.१० ॥

O subduers of foes, having slain heroic men and chariots, and struck down great elephants, having spread the ground with chariots and riders.

12.14.11

यजेभ विविधैर्यज्ञैः समृद्धैराप्तदक्षिणैः ।
वनवासकृतं दुःखं भविष्यति सुखाय नः ॥ १२.१४.११ ॥

We shall perform various prosperous sacrifices with ample fees, and the sorrow caused by forest exile will become happiness for us.

12.14.12

इत्येतानेवमुक्त्वा त्वं स्वयं धर्मभृतां वर ।
कथमद्य पुनर्वीर विनिहंसि मनांसि नः ॥ १२.१४.१२ ॥

O best of those who uphold dharma, having said this yourself to these men, why, O hero, do you now again crush our hearts today?

12.14.13

न क्लीबो वसुधां भुङ्क्ते न क्लीबो धनमश्नुते ।
न क्लीबस्य गृहे पुत्रा मत्स्याः पङ्क इवासते ॥ १२.१४.१३ ॥

The unmanly man does not enjoy the earth; the unmanly man does not obtain wealth. In the house of the unmanly man, sons lie like fish in the mud.

12.14.14

नादण्डः क्षत्रियो भाति नादण्डो भूमिमश्नुते ।
नादण्डस्य प्रजा राज्ञः सुखं विन्दन्ति भारत ॥ १२.१४.१४ ॥

Without the rod of punishment, a kshatriya does not shine; without the rod, he does not obtain the earth. O Bhārata, the subjects of a king without the rod do not find happiness.

12.14.15

सदेवासुरगन्घर्वैरप्सरोभिर्विभूषितम् ।
रक्षोभिर्गुह्यकैर्नागैर्मनुष्यैश्च विभूषितम् ॥ १२.१४.१५ ॥

Adorned with gods, asuras and gandharvas, with apsarases; adorned also with rākṣasas, guhyakas, nāgas and men.

12.14.16

त्रिवर्गेण च संपूर्णं त्रिवर्गस्यागमेन च ।
दण्डेनाभ्याहृतं सर्वं जगद्भोगाय कल्पते ॥ १२.१४.१६ ॥

Complete with the threefold aim and joined to the teaching of the threefold aim, the whole world, guided by the rod of punishment, becomes fit for enjoyment.

12.14.17

स्वायंभुवं महीपाल आगमं शृणु शाश्वतम् ।
विप्राणां विदितश्चायं तव चैव विशांपते ॥ १२.१४.१७ ॥

O protector of the earth, hear this eternal tradition of Svayambhū (Brahmā). O lord of the people, it is known to the brahmins, and it is known to you as well.

12.14.18

अराजके हि लोकेऽस्मिन्सर्वतो विद्रुते भयात् ।
रक्षार्थमस्य लोकस्य राजानमसृजत्प्रभुः।
महाकायं महावीर्यं पालने जगतः क्षमम् ॥ १२.१४.१८ ॥

In this world without a king, scattered on all sides by fear, the lord created a king for the protection of this world — great-bodied, of great might, capable of sustaining the world.

12.14.19

अनिलाग्नियमार्काणामिन्द्रस्य वरुणस्य च ।
चन्द्रवित्तेशयोश्चैव मात्रा निर्हृत्य शाश्वतीः ॥ १२.१४.१९ ॥

Having drawn the eternal essences of Vāyu, Agni, Yama, the Sun, Indra, Varuṇa, Candra and the lord of wealth, (the king was created).

12.14.20

यस्मादेषां सुरेन्द्राणां संभवत्यंशतो नृपः ।
तस्मादभिभवत्येष सर्वभूतानि तेजसा ॥ १२.१४.२० ॥

Since a king arises from a portion of these lords of the gods, therefore he overpowers all beings by his radiance.

12.14.21

तपत्यादित्यवच्चैव चक्षूंषि च मनांसि च ।
च चैनं भुवि शक्नोति कश्चिदप्यभिवीक्षितुम् ॥ १२.१४.२१ ॥

He blazes like the sun, and no one on earth can look straight at him with eyes or mind.

12.14.22

सोऽग्निर्भवति वायुश्च सोऽर्कः सोमश्च धर्मराट् ।
स कुबेरः स वरुणः स महेन्द्रः प्रतापवान् ॥ १२.१४.२२ ॥

He is Agni, he is Vāyu, he is the Sun and Soma, the king of dharma; he is Kubera, he is Varuṇa, he is the great Indra — the mighty one.

12.14.23

पितामहस्य देवस्य विष्णोः शर्वस्य चैव हि ।
ऋषीणां चैव सर्वेषां तस्मिंस्तेजः प्रतिष्ठितम् ॥ १२.१४.२३ ॥

The radiance of the grandfather god (Brahmā), of Viṣṇu, of Śarva (Śiva), and of all the sages is established in him.

12.14.24

बालोऽपि नावमन्तव्यो मनुष्य इति भूमिपः ।
महती देवता ह्येषा नररूपेण तिष्ठति ॥ १२.१४.२४ ॥

Even a child-king must not be despised, thinking 'he is merely a man'; for this is a great deity dwelling in human form.

12.14.25

एकमेव दहत्यग्निर्नरं दुरुपसर्पिणम् ।
कुलं दहति राजाग्निः सपशुद्रव्यसंचयम् ॥ १२.१४.२५ ॥

Fire burns only the one man who approaches it wrongly, but a king's fire burns an entire family, with its cattle and accumulated wealth.

12.14.26

धृतराष्ट्रकुलं दग्धं क्रोधोद्भूतेन वह्निना ।
प्रत्यक्षमेतल्लोकस्य संशयो हि न विद्यते ॥ १२.१४.२६ ॥

The family of Dhṛtarāṣṭra has been burned by the fire born of anger; this is plain to the world, and there is no doubt of it.

12.14.27

कुलजो वृत्तसंपन्नो धार्मिकश्च महीपतिः ।
प्रजानां पालने युक्तः पूज्यते दैवतैरपि ॥ १२.१४.२७ ॥

A king of noble birth, endowed with good conduct, righteous and devoted to protecting his subjects, is honoured even by the gods.

12.14.28

कार्यं योऽवेक्ष्य शक्तिं च देशकालौ च तत्वतः ।
कुरुते धर्मसिद्ध्यर्थं वैश्वरूप्यं पुनः पुनः ॥ १२.१४.२८ ॥

He who, having truly weighed the task, his own strength, the place and the time, acts again and again by many means to accomplish dharma.

12.14.29

तस्य प्रसादे पद्मा श्रीर्विजयश्च पराक्रमे ।
मृत्युश्च वसति क्रोधे सर्वतेजोमयो हि सः ॥ १२.१४.२९ ॥

In his favour dwell Padmā and Śrī, in his prowess is victory, and in his anger dwells death; for he is indeed made of all radiance.

12.14.30

तं यस्तु द्वेष्टि संमोहात्स विनश्यति मानवः ।
तस्य ह्याशुविनाशाय राजाऽपि कुरुते मनः ॥ १२.१४.३० ॥

The man who out of delusion hates him perishes; for his swift destruction the king himself sets his mind.

12.14.31

तस्माद्धर्मं यदिष्टेषु स व्यवस्यति पार्थिवः ।
अनिष्टं चाप्यनिष्टेषु तद्धर्मं न विचालयेत् ॥ १२.१४.३१ ॥

Therefore, whatever dharma the king determines for those he holds dear, and whatever is unwelcome for the unwelcome, he should not let himself be swayed from that dharma.

12.14.32

तस्यार्थे सर्वभूतानां गोप्तारं धर्ममात्मजम् ।
ब्रह्मतेजोमयं दण्डमसृजत्पूर्वमीश्वरः ॥ १२.१४.३२ ॥

For his sake, the Lord formerly created the rod of punishment, full of Brahman's radiance, which is the protector of all beings, born of himself as dharma.

12.14.33

तस्य सर्वाणि भूतानि स्थावराणि चराणि च ।
भयाद्भोगाय कल्पन्ते धर्मान्न विचलन्ति च ॥ १२.१४.३३ ॥

Out of fear of it, all beings, the immovable and the movable, become fit for enjoyment, and they do not stray from dharma.

12.14.34

देशकालौ च शक्तिं च कार्यं चावेक्ष्य तत्वतः ।
यथार्हतः संप्रणयेन्नरेष्वन्यायवर्तिषु ॥ १२.१४.३४ ॥

Having truly considered place, time, strength and the matter at hand, one should apply punishment as is fitting upon men who act unjustly.

12.14.35

स राजा पुरुषो दण्डः स नेता शासिता च सः ।
वर्णानामाश्रमाणां च धर्मप्रभुरथाव्ययः ॥ १२.१४.३५ ॥

That king is the person, he is the rod of punishment, he is the leader and the ruler; he is the imperishable lord of dharma for the social classes and the life-stages.

12.14.36

दण्डः शास्ति प्रजाः सर्वा दण्ड एवाभिरक्षति ।
दण्डः सुप्तेषु जागर्ति दण्डं धर्मं विदुर्बुधाः ॥ १२.१४.३६ ॥

Punishment governs all subjects; punishment alone protects them. Among those asleep, punishment stays awake; the wise know punishment itself to be dharma.

12.14.37

सुसमीक्ष्य धृतो दण्डः सर्वा रञ्जयति प्रजाः ।
असमीक्ष्य प्रणीतस्तु विनाशयति सर्वशः ॥ १२.१४.३७ ॥

Punishment, applied after careful consideration, gladdens all the subjects; punishment inflicted without consideration utterly destroys them.

12.14.38

यदि न प्रणयेद्राजा दण्डं दण्ड्येष्वतन्द्रितः ।
जले मत्स्यानिवाभक्ष्यन्दुर्बलान्बलवत्तराः ॥ १२.१४.३८ ॥

If the king, without negligence, does not inflict punishment on those deserving it, the stronger will devour the weaker as large fish devour small fish in water.

12.14.39

काकोऽद्याच्च पुरोडाशं श्वा चैवावलिहेद्धविः ।
स्वामित्वं न क्वचिच्च स्यात्प्रपद्येताधरोत्तरम् ॥ १२.१४.३९ ॥

The crow would eat the sacrificial cake and the dog would lick the oblation; no lordship would remain anywhere, and high and low would be turned upside down.

12.14.40

सर्वो दण्डजितो लोको दुर्लभस्तु शुचिर्नरः ।
दण्डस्य हि भयात्सर्वं जगद्भोगाय कल्पते ॥ १२.१४.४० ॥

The whole world is brought under control by punishment, and a pure man is rare; through fear of punishment alone the entire world becomes fit for enjoyment.

12.14.41

देवदानवगन्धर्वा रक्षांसि पतगोरगाः ।
तेऽपि भोगाय कल्पन्ते दण्डेनैवाभिपीडिताः ॥ १२.१४.४१ ॥

Gods, demons, gandharvas, rākṣasas, birds and serpents too are made fit for enjoyment only when oppressed by punishment.

12.14.42

दूष्येयुः सर्ववर्णाश्च भिद्येरन्सर्वसेतवः ।
सर्वलोकप्रकोपश्च भवेद्दण्डस्य विभ्रमात् ॥ १२.१४.४२ ॥

Through the confusion of punishment all the social classes would be corrupted, all the dams and boundaries would break, and there would be agitation throughout all the worlds.

12.14.43

यत्र श्यामो लोहिताक्षो दण्डश्चरति पापहा ।
प्रजास्तत्र न मुह्यन्ति नेता चेत्साधु पश्यति ॥ १२.१४.४३ ॥

Where the dark, red-eyed rod of punishment, destroyer of sin, moves about, the subjects are not bewildered, if the leader sees rightly.

12.14.44

आहुस्तस्य प्रणेतारं राजानं सत्यवादिनम् ।
समीक्ष्यकारिणं प्राज्ञं धर्मकामार्थकोविदम् ॥ १२.१४.४४ ॥

They call the one who leads him a king: one who speaks the truth, acts after careful thought, is wise, and is expert in dharma, desire and wealth.

12.14.45

तं राजा प्रणयन्सम्यक्स्वर्गायाभिप्रवर्तते ।
कामात्मविषयी क्षुद्रो दण्डेनैव निहन्यते ॥ १२.१४.४५ ॥

A king who rules it rightly turns toward heaven; but the base man, given over to desire and sense-objects, is slain by the rod of punishment itself.

12.14.46

दण्डो हि सुमहातेजा दुर्धरश्चाकृतात्मभिः ।
धर्माद्विचलितं हन्ति नृपमेव सबान्धवम् ॥ १२.१४.४६ ॥

The rod of punishment is of very great power and hard to bear for those of unrefined self; it strikes down the king who has swerved from dharma, together with his kinsmen.

12.14.47

ततो दुर्गं च राष्ट्रं च लोकं च सचराचरम् ।
अन्तरिक्षगतांश्चैव मुनीन्देवांश्च हिंसति ॥ १२.१४.४७ ॥

Then it harms the fortress, the realm, the world with its moving and unmoving beings, and even the sages and gods who dwell in the sky.

12.14.48

सोऽसहायेन मूढेन लुब्धेनाकृतबुद्धिना ।
अशक्यो न्यायतो नेतुं विषयांश्चैव सेवता ॥ १२.१४.४८ ॥

He who is without allies, deluded, greedy, of unformed intellect, and given to indulging the sense-objects, cannot be guided justly.

12.14.49

शुचिना सत्यसन्धेन नीतिशास्त्रानुसारिणा ।
दण्डः प्रणेतुं शक्यो हि सुसहायेन धीमता ॥ १२.१४.४९ ॥

Only a pure man, true to his word and following the science of conduct, and a wise man with good companions, is able to wield the rod of punishment.

12.14.50

स्वराष्ट्रे न्यायवर्ती स्याद्भृशदण्डश्च शत्रुषु ।
सुहृत्स्वजिह्मः स्निग्धेषु ब्राह्मणेषु क्षमान्वितः ॥ १२.१४.५० ॥

Let him abide by justice in his own realm, be severe in punishment toward enemies, be straightforward toward friends, and be endowed with forbearance toward the affectionate and toward brahmins.

12.14.51

एवंवृत्तस्य राज्ञस्तु शिलोञ्छेनापि जीवतः ।
विस्तीर्येत यशो लोके तैलबिन्दुरिवाम्भसि ॥ १२.१४.५१ ॥

The fame of a king who conducts himself thus spreads through the world like a drop of oil on water, even if he lives by gleaning grain.

12.14.52

अतस्तु विपरीतस्य नृपतेरकृतात्मनः ।
संक्षिप्येन यशो लोके घृतबिन्दुरिवाम्भसि ॥ १२.१४.५२ ॥

But the fame of a king who acts contrary to this, who is not self-controlled, shrinks in the world like a drop of ghee on water.

12.14.53

देवदेवेन रुद्रेण ब्रह्मणा च महीपते ।
विष्णुना चैव देवेन शक्रेण च महात्मना ॥ १२.१४.५३ ॥

O lord of the earth, by the god of gods Rudra, by Brahmā, by the god Viṣṇu, and by the great-souled Indra, this has been established.

12.14.54

लोकपालैश्च भूतैश्च पाण्डवैश्च महात्मभिः ।
धर्माद्विचलिता राजन्धार्तराष्ट्रा निपातिताः।
अधार्मिका दुराचाराः ससैन्या विनिपातिताः ॥ १२.१४.५४ ॥

O king, the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, who had swerved from dharma, were felled by the world-guardians, by the beings, and by the great-souled Pāṇḍavas; unrighteous and of evil conduct, they were utterly destroyed together with their armies.

12.14.55

तान्निहत्य न दोषस्ते स्वल्पोऽपि जगतीपते ।
छलेन मायया वाऽथ क्षत्रधर्मेण वा नृप ॥ १२.१४.५५ ॥

In slaying them there is no fault in you, even slight, O lord of the earth, whether by deceit, by trickery, or by the duty of the warrior, O king.

12.14.56

मित्रता सर्वभूतेषु दानमध्ययनं तपः ।
ब्राह्मणस्यैव धर्मः स्यान्न राज्ञो राजसत्तम ॥ १२.१४.५६ ॥

Friendship toward all beings, giving, study, and austerity — these are indeed the duty of a brahmin, not of a king, O best of kings.

12.14.57

असतां प्रतिषेधश्च सतां च परिपालनम् ।
एष राज्ञां परो धर्मः समरे चापलायनम् ॥ १२.१४.५७ ॥

Restraining the wicked and protecting the good — this is the supreme duty of kings, and not fleeing in battle.

12.14.58

यस्मिन्क्षमा च क्रोधश्च दानादाने भयाभये ।
निग्रहानुग्रहौ चोभौ स वै धर्मविदुच्यते ॥ १२.१४.५८ ॥

He in whom forgiveness and anger, giving and taking, fear and fearlessness, punishment and favor are both present — he is called a knower of dharma.

12.14.59

न श्रुतेन न दानेन न सांत्वेन न चेज्यया ।
त्वयेयं पृथिवी लब्धा न संकोचेन चाप्युत ॥ १२.१४.५९ ॥

Not by learning, nor by giving, nor by conciliation, nor by sacrifice have you obtained this earth, nor even by shrinking back.

12.14.60

यत्तद्बलममित्राणां तथा वीरसमुद्यतम् ।
हस्त्यश्वरथसंपन्नं त्रिभिरङ्गैरनुत्तमम् ॥ १२.१४.६० ॥

That army of the enemies, made ready by heroes, endowed with elephants, horses and chariots, was unsurpassed in its three limbs.

12.14.61

रक्षितं द्रोणकर्णाभ्यामश्वत्थाम्ना कृपेण च ।
तत्त्वया निहतं वीर तस्माद्भुङ्क्ष्व वसुंधराम् ॥ १२.१४.६१ ॥

That army, protected by Droṇa and Karṇa, by Aśvatthāman and by Kṛpa, you have slain, O hero; therefore enjoy the earth.

12.14.62

जम्बूद्वीपो महाराज नानाजनपदैर्युतः ।
त्वया पुरुषशार्दूल दण्डेन मृदितः प्रभो ॥ १२.१४.६२ ॥

Jambudvīpa, great king, endowed with many realms — you have subdued it with the rod, tiger among men, O lord.

12.14.63

जम्बूद्वीपेन सदृशः क्रौञ्चद्वीपो नराधिप ।
अपरेण महामेरोर्दण्डेन मृदितस्त्वया ॥ १२.१४.६३ ॥

Krauñcadvīpa, like Jambudvīpa, lying to the west of Mount Meru — you have subdued it with the rod, lord of men.

12.14.64

क्रौञ्चद्वीपेन सदृशः शाकद्वीपो नराधिप ।
पूर्वेण तु महामेरोर्दण्डेन मृदितस्त्वया ॥ १२.१४.६४ ॥

Śākadvīpa, like Krauñcadvīpa, lying to the east of Mount Meru — you have subdued it with the rod, lord of men.

12.14.65

उत्तरेण महामेरोः शाकद्वीपेन संमितः ।
भद्राश्वः पुरुषव्याघ्र दण्डेन मृदितस्त्वया ॥ १२.१४.६५ ॥

To the north of Mount Meru lies Bhadrāśva, comparable to Śākadvīpa — you have subdued it with the rod, tiger among men.

12.14.66

द्वीपाश्च सान्तरद्वीपा नानाजनपदाश्रयाः ।
विगाह्य सागरं वीर दण्डेन मृदितास्त्वया ॥ १२.१४.६६ ॥

The islands and sub-islands, abodes of many realms — having plunged into the ocean, O hero, you have subdued them with the rod.

12.14.67

एतान्यप्रतिमेयानि कृत्वा कर्माणि भारत ।
न प्रीयसे महाराज पूज्यमानो द्विजातिभिः ॥ १२.१४.६७ ॥

Having performed such incomparable deeds, O descendant of Bharata, and honored by the twice-born, O great king, you are not pleased.

12.14.68

स त्वं भ्रातॄनिमान्दृष्ट्वा प्रतिनन्दस्व भारत ।
ऋषभानिव संमत्तान्गजेन्द्रान्गर्जितानिव ॥ १२.१४.६८ ॥

So then, O descendant of Bharata, rejoice at seeing these brothers, as one rejoices at bulls in rut and lordly elephants roaring.

12.14.69

अमरप्रतिमाः सर्वे शत्रुसाहाः परंतपाः ।
एकैकोऽपि सुखायैषां मम स्यादिति मे मतिः ॥ १२.१४.६९ ॥

All of them are like the immortals, conquerors of foes and scorchers of enemies. My opinion is that even one of them alone would be a source of happiness to me.

12.14.70

किं पुनः पुरुषव्याघ्राः पतयो मे नरर्षभाः ।
समस्तानीन्द्रियाणीव शरीरस्य विचेष्टने ॥ १२.१४.७० ॥

Then how much more so are my husbands — tigers among men, bulls among men — like all the senses in the functioning of the body.

12.14.71

अनृतं नाब्रवीच्छ्वश्रूः सर्वज्ञा सर्वदर्शिनी ।
युधिष्ठिरस्त्वां पाञ्चालि सुखे धास्यत्यनुत्तमे ॥ १२.१४.७१ ॥

My mother-in-law, who knows all and sees all, has never spoken falsehood. O Pāñcālī, Yudhiṣṭhira will establish you in supreme happiness.

12.14.72

इत्वा राजसहस्राणि बहून्याशुपराक्रमः ।
तद्व्यर्थं संप्रपश्यामि मोहात्तव जनाधिप ॥ १२.१४.७२ ॥

O lord of people, having slain many thousands of kings, swift in valour, I see that effort of yours as vain, from your delusion.

12.14.73

येषामुन्मत्तको ज्येष्ठः सर्वे तेऽप्यनुसारिणः ।
तवोन्मादान्महाराजसोन्मादाः सर्वपाण्डवाः ॥ १२.१४.७३ ॥

Those whose eldest is mad, all of them follow him as well. Great king, through your madness all the Pāṇḍavas have also become maddened.

12.14.74

यदि हि स्युरनुन्मत्ता भ्रातरस्ते नराधिप ।
बद्ध्वा त्वां नास्तिकैः सार्धं प्रशासेयुर्वसुंधराम् ॥ १२.१४.७४ ॥

If your brothers were not mad, O lord of men, they would bind you together with the unbelievers and rule the earth.

12.14.75

कुरुते मूढ एवं हि यः श्रेयो नाधिगच्छति ।
धूपैरञ्जनयोगैश्च नस्यकर्मभिरेव च ॥ १२.१४.७५ ॥

The fool who does not attain well-being acts thus; he should be treated with fumigations, applications of collyrium and nasal treatments.

12.14.76

उन्मत्तिरपनेतव्या तव राजन्यदृच्छया ।
भेषजैः स चिकित्स्यः स्याद्य उन्मार्गेण गच्छति ॥ १२.१४.७६ ॥

Your madness, O king, must be removed somehow; he who walks the wrong path ought to be treated with medicines.

12.14.77

साहं सर्वाधमा लोके स्त्रीणां भरतसत्तम ।
तथा विनिकृता पुत्रैर्याऽहमिच्छामि जीवितुम् ॥ १२.१४.७७ ॥

I, O best of the Bharatas, am the lowest of all women in the world, who, humiliated thus by my sons, still wish to live.

12.14.78

धृतराष्ट्रसुता राजन्नित्यमुत्पथगामिनः ।
तादृशानां वधे दोषं नाहं पश्यामि कर्हिचित् ॥ १२.१४.७८ ॥

The sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, O king, are ever walkers of the wrong path; in the killing of such men I never see any fault.

12.14.79

इमांश्चोशनसा गीताञ्श्लोकाञ्श्रृणु नराधिप ॥ १२.१४.७९ ॥

Hear these verses sung by Uśanas, O lord of men.

12.14.80

आत्महन्ताऽर्थहन्ता च बन्धुहन्ता विषप्रदः ।
अकारणेन हन्ता च यश्च भार्यां परामृशेत् ॥ १२.१४.८० ॥

The self-slayer, the robber of wealth, the slayer of kin, the giver of poison, the slayer without cause, and he who lays hands on another's wife—

12.14.81

निर्दोषं वधमेतेषां षण्णामप्याततायिनाम् ।
ब्रह्मा प्रोवाच भगवान्भार्गवाय महात्मने ॥ १२.१४.८१ ॥

The killing of even these six aggressors is blameless, said the venerable Brahmā to the great-souled Bhārgava.

12.14.82

ब्रह्मक्षत्रविशां राजन्सत्पथे वर्तिनामपि ।
प्रसह्यागारमागम्य हन्तारं गरदं तथा ॥ १२.१४.८२ ॥

O king, one who forcibly enters the house of brahmins, kṣatriyas or vaiśyas who walk the righteous path, and kills, or gives poison, may be slain.

12.14.83

अभक्ष्यापेयदातारमग्निदं च निशातयेत् ।
मार्ग एष महीपानां गोब्राह्मणवधेषु च ॥ १२.१४.८३ ॥

One who gives forbidden food or drink, and an arsonist, should be slain. This is the path for kings in cases of the killing of cows and brahmins.

12.14.84

केशग्रहे च नारीणामपि युध्येत्पितामहम् ।
ब्रह्माणं देवदेवेशं किं पुनः पापकारिणम् ॥ १२.१४.८४ ॥

When a woman's hair is seized, one should fight even Brahmā, the grandfather, lord of the lords of the gods—how much more so a wicked doer.

12.14.85

गोब्राह्मणार्थे व्यसने च राज्ञां राष्ट्रोपमर्दे स्वशरीरहेतोः ।
स्त्रीणां च विक्रुष्टरुतानि श्रुत्वा विप्रोऽपि युध्येत महाप्रभावः ॥ १२.१४.८५ ॥

For the sake of cows and brahmins, in the calamity of kings, in the ruin of a realm, for the sake of one's own body, and having heard the cries of women, even a brahmin of great power should fight.

12.14.86

धर्माद्विचलितं विप्रं निहन्यादाततायिनम् ।
तस्यान्यत्र वधं विद्वान्मनसाऽपि न चिन्तयेत् ॥ १२.१४.८६ ॥

A brahmin who has fallen from dharma and is an aggressor may be killed. A wise man should not even think in his mind of any other course than killing him.

12.14.87

गोब्राह्मणवधे वृत्तं मन्त्रत्राणार्थमेव च ।
निहन्यात्क्षत्रियो विप्रं स्वकुटुम्बस्य चाप्तये ॥ १२.१४.८७ ॥

When cows and brahmins are slain, and for the protection of the sacred mantras, and for the welfare of his own family, a kshatriya may even kill a brahmin.

12.14.88

तस्करेण नृशंसेन धर्मात्प्रचलितेन च ।
क्षत्रबन्धुः परं शक्त्या युध्येद्विप्रेण संयुगे ॥ १२.१४.८८ ॥

A kshatriya in name should fight with all his strength in battle against a brahmin who is a thief, a cruel man, and fallen from dharma.

12.14.89

आततायिनमायान्तमपि वेदान्तपारगम् ।
जिघांसन्तं जिघांसीयान्न तेन भ्रूणहा भवेत् ॥ १२.१४.८९ ॥

Even an aggressor who has mastered the Vedas, approaching with intent to kill, may be killed by one who wishes to kill him; by doing so he does not become a killer of an embryo.

12.14.90

ब्राह्मणः क्षत्रियो वैश्यः शूद्रो वाऽप्यन्त्यजोपि वा ।
न हन्याद्ब्राह्मणं शान्तं तृणेनापि कदाचन ॥ १२.१४.९० ॥

Whether he is a brahmin, a kshatriya, a vaishya, a shudra, or even an outcaste, one should never kill a peaceful brahmin, not even with a blade of grass.

12.14.91

ब्राह्मणायावगुर्याद्यः स्पृष्ट्वा गुरुतरं महत् ।
वर्षाणां त्रिशतं पापः प्रतिष्ठां नाधिगच्छति ॥ १२.१४.९१ ॥

He who assaults a brahmin, and by touching him commits a grave and great sin, that sinner does not attain a footing for three hundred years.

12.14.92

सहस्राणि च वर्षाणि निहत्य नरके पतेत् ।
तस्मान्नैवावगुर्याद्धि नैव शस्त्रं निपातयेत् ॥ १२.१४.९२ ॥

Having struck down a brahmin, he falls into hell for thousands of years. Therefore one should not assault him, nor should one strike him with a weapon.

12.14.93

शोणितं यावतः पांसून्गृह्णातीति हि धारणा ।
तावतीः स समाः पापो नरके परिवर्तते ॥ १२.१४.९३ ॥

It is held that as many years as the grains of dust that blood takes up, that many years the sinner revolves in hell.

12.14.94

त्वगस्थिभेदं विप्रस्य यः कुर्यात्कारयेत वा ।
ब्रह्महा स तु विज्ञेयः प्रायश्चित्ती नराधमः ॥ १२.१४.९४ ॥

He who breaks the skin and bone of a brahmin, or causes it to be broken, should be known as a slayer of a brahmin; that vilest of men must undergo expiation.

12.14.95

श्रोत्रियं ब्राह्मणं हत्वा तथाऽऽत्रेयीं च ब्राह्मणीम् ।
चतुर्विशतिवर्षाणि चरेद्ब्रह्महणो व्रतम् ॥ १२.१४.९५ ॥

Having killed a brahmin learned in the Veda, and likewise a brahmin woman of the line of Atri, the slayer of a brahmin should observe the vow for twenty-four years.

12.14.96

द्विगुणां ब्रह्महत्येयं सर्वैः प्रोक्ता महर्षिभिः ।
प्रायश्चित्तमकुर्वाणं कृताङ्कं विप्रवासयेत् ॥ १२.१४.९६ ॥

All the great sages have declared that the sin of brahmin-slaying is twice as great. One who does not perform expiation should be branded and banished from the brahmin community.

12.14.97

ब्राह्मणं क्षत्रियं वैश्यं शूद्रं वा घातयेन्नृपः ।
ब्रह्मघ्नं तस्करं चैव माभूदेवं चरिष्यति ॥ १२.१४.९७ ॥

Let the king have a brahmin, a kṣatriya, a vaiśya or a śūdra killed, and the slayer of a brahmin and the thief as well, so that such conduct does not happen again.

12.14.98

छित्त्वा हस्तौ च पादौ च नासिकोष्ठौ च भूपतिः ।
ब्रह्मघ्नं चोत्तमं पापं नेत्रोद्धारेण योजयेत् ॥ १२.१४.९८ ॥

Having cut off the hands and feet, and the nose and lips, the king should subject the foremost sinner, the slayer of a brahmin, to the removal of his eyes.

12.14.99

शूद्रस्यैव स्मृतो दण्डस्तद्वद्राजन्यवैश्ययोः ।
प्रायश्चित्तमकुर्वाणं ब्राह्मणं तु प्रवासयेत् ॥ १२.१४.९९ ॥

The punishment prescribed for a śūdra is likewise for a kṣatriya and a vaiśya; but a brahmin who does not perform expiation should be banished.

12.14.100

क्षत्रियं वैश्यशूद्रौ च शस्त्रेणैव च घातयेत् ।
ब्रह्मघ्नान्ब्राह्मणात्राजा कृताङ्कान्विप्रवासयेत् ॥ १२.१४.१०० ॥

The king should have a kṣatriya, a vaiśya and a śūdra killed with a weapon; and he should banish from the brahmins the slayers of brahmins and those who have been branded.

12.14.101

विकलेन्द्रियांस्त्रिवर्णांश्च चण्डालैः सह वासयेत् ।
तैश्च यः संपिबेत्कश्चित्स पिबन्ब्रह्महा भवेत् ॥ १२.१४.१०१ ॥

Those with defective senses and the three upper classes should be made to dwell together with outcastes; whoever drinks with them becomes a slayer of a brahmin by the very act of drinking.

12.14.102

प्रेतानां न च देयानि पिण्डदानानि केनचित् ॥ १२.१४.१०२ ॥

No one should offer rice-ball offerings to the dead.

12.14.103

कृष्णवर्णा विरूपा च निर्णीता लम्बमूर्धजा ।
दुनोत्यदृष्ट्वा कर्तारं ब्रह्महत्येति तां विदुः ॥ १२.१४.१०३ ॥

Dark-complexioned, deformed and long-haired, she is determined to be the one who torments without seeing the doer; they know her as brahmahatyā.

12.14.104

ब्रह्मघ्नेन पिबन्तश्च विप्रा देशाः पुराणि च ।
अचिरादेव पीड्यन्ते दुर्भिक्षव्याधितस्करैः ॥ १२.१४.१०४ ॥

Brahmins who drink with a brahmin-killer, and lands and cities, are soon afflicted by famine, disease and thieves.

12.14.105

ब्राह्मणं पापकर्माणं विप्राणामाततायिनम् ।
क्षत्रियं वैश्यशूद्रौ च नेत्रोद्धारेण योजयेत् ॥ १२.१४.१०५ ॥

One should apply the punishment of plucking out the eyes to a sinful brahmin, to an aggressor against brahmins, to a kshatriya, a vaishya and a shudra.

12.14.106

दुर्बलानां बलं राजा बलिनो ये च साधवः ।
बलिनां दुर्बलानां च पापानां मृत्त्युरिष्यते ॥ १२.१४.१०६ ॥

The king is the strength of the weak, and so are the righteous who are strong. For the strong, the weak and the sinful, death is ordained.

12.14.107

सदोषमपि यो हन्यादश्राव्य जगतीपते ।
दुर्बलं बलवन्तं वा स पराजयमर्हति ॥ १२.१४.१०७ ॥

O lord of the earth, he who slays even a guilty man without hearing him, whether weak or strong, deserves defeat.

12.14.108

राजाज्ञां प्राड्विवाकं च नेच्छेद्यच्चापि निष्पतेत् ।
साक्षिणं साधुवाक्यं च जितं तमपि निर्दिशेत् ॥ १२.१४.१०८ ॥

One should not desire the king's command, a judge, or one who is not impartial; a witness and truthful speech, and the one who has been defeated, one should point out as guilty.

12.14.109

बन्धनान्निष्पतेद्यच्च प्रतिभूर्न ददाति च ।
कुलजश्च धनाढ्यश्च स पराजयमर्हति ॥ १२.१४.१०९ ॥

He who escapes from bonds, and does not give a surety, and who is of good family and rich — he deserves defeat.

12.14.110

राजाज्ञया समाहूतो यो न गच्छेत्सभां नरः ।
बलवन्तमुपाश्रित्य सायुधः स पराजितः ॥ १२.१४.११० ॥

The man summoned by the king's command who does not go to the assembly, and who takes refuge with a strong man and remains armed — he is defeated.

12.14.111

तं दण्डेन विनिर्जित्य महासाहसिकं नरम् ।
वियुक्तदेहसर्वस्वं परलोकं विसर्जयेत् ॥ १२.१४.१११ ॥

Having conquered that great transgressor by punishment, one should send him, bereft of body and all possessions, to the other world.

12.14.112

मृतस्यापि न देयानि पिण्डदानानि केनचित् ।
दत्त्वा दण्डं प्रयच्छेत मध्यमं पूर्वसाहयम् ॥ १२.१४.११२ ॥

Not even for one who has died should rice-ball offerings be given by anyone. Having paid the penalty, one should pay a middling sum, according to the former aid.

12.14.113

कुलस्त्रीव्यभिचारं च राष्ट्रस्य च विमर्दनम् ।
ब्रह्महत्यां च चौर्यं च राजद्रोहं च पञ्चमम् ॥ १२.१४.११३ ॥

Adultery with a woman of good family, the ruin of the kingdom, the killing of a brahmin, theft, and treason against the king — this is the fifth.

12.14.114

युद्धादन्यत्र हिंसायां सुरापस्य च कीर्तने ।
महान्तं गुरुतल्पे च मित्रद्रोहे च पातकम् ॥ १२.१४.११४ ॥

Violence other than in battle, praising a drinker of liquor, lying with a guru's wife, and betrayal of a friend — these are great sins.

12.14.115

न कथंचिदुपेक्षेत महासाहसिकं नरम् ।
सर्वस्वमपहृत्याशु ततः प्राणैर्वियोजयेत् ॥ १२.१४.११५ ॥

One should never overlook a man who is a great perpetrator of violence; having swiftly taken away all his possessions, one should then deprive him of his life.

12.14.116

त्रिषु वर्णेषु यो दण्डः प्रणीतो ब्रह्मणा पुरा ।
महासाहसिकं विप्रं कृताङ्कं विप्रवासयेत् ॥ १२.१४.११६ ॥

The punishment that Brahmā in former times prescribed for the three varṇas — a great perpetrator of violence who is a brahmin and branded should be banished.

12.14.117

साहस्रो वा भवेद्दण्डः काञ्चनो देहनिष्क्रिया ।
चतुर्णामपि वर्णानामेवमाहोशना कविः ॥ १२.१४.११७ ॥

Let the penalty be a fine of a thousand, or a fine in gold, or a penalty upon the body; so the sage Uśanas has declared for all four varṇas.

12.14.118

नारीणां बालवृद्धानां गोपतेश्च महामतिः ।
पापानां दुर्विनीतानां प्राणान्तं च बृहस्पतिः।
दण्डमाह महाभाग सर्वेषामाततायिनाम् ॥ १२.१४.११८ ॥

For women, for children and the aged, and for the lord of cows (the king), and for sinners and the ill-behaved, the great-minded Bṛhaspati has declared capital punishment; O greatly fortunate one, for all aggressors he has declared this same punishment.