Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.140
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12.140.1
युगक्षयात्परिक्षीणे धर्मे लोके च भारत ।
दस्युभिः पीड्यमाने च कथं स्थेयं पितामह ॥ १२.१४०.१ ॥
When dharma and the world are worn away by the decline of the age, O descendant of Bharata, and men are oppressed by robbers, how should one live, O grandsire?
12.140.2
हन्त ते वर्तयिष्यामि नीतिमापत्सु भारत ।
उत्सृज्यापि घृणां काले यथा वर्तेत भूमिपः ॥ १२.१४०.२ ॥
Well then, I will explain to you the policy in calamities, O descendant of Bharata: how a king should act, setting aside even compassion when the time demands it.
12.140.3
अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
भारद्वाजस्य संवादं राज्ञः शत्रुंतपस्य च ॥ १२.१४०.३ ॥
Here too they recount this ancient tale, the dialogue of Bhāradvāja and King Śatrutapa.
12.140.4
राजात्शत्रुंतपो नाम सौवीरेषु महारथः ।
भारद्वाजमुपागम्य पप्रच्छार्थविनिश्चयम् ॥ १२.१४०.४ ॥
Among the Sauvīras there was a great charioteer king named Śatrutapa, who approached Bhāradvāja and asked him for the settlement of the meaning.
12.140.5
अलब्धस्य कथं लिप्सा लब्धं केन विवर्धते ।
वधितं पाल्यते केन पालितं प्रणयेत्कथम् ॥ १२.१४०.५ ॥
How should one desire what is not obtained? By what does what is obtained grow? By what is the grown thing protected, and how should the protected thing be guided?
12.140.6
तस्मै विनिश्चितार्थाय परिपृष्टोऽर्थिश्चयम् ।
उवाच मतिमान्वाक्यमिदं हेतुमदुत्तमम् ॥ १२.१४०.६ ॥
When the king, his purpose settled, asked him, the wise Bhāradvāja gave this excellent, well-reasoned answer concerning the settlement of the matter.
12.140.7
नित्यमुद्यतदण्डः स्यान्नित्यं विवृतपौरुषः ।
अच्छिद्रश्छिद्रदर्शी च परेषां विवरानुगः ॥ १२.१४०.७ ॥
A king should always hold the rod of punishment raised and always display his valour. Let him be without flaw himself, seeing the flaws of his enemies and following their openings.
12.140.8
नित्यमुद्यतदण्डस्य भृशमुद्विजते नरः ।
तस्मात्सर्वाणि भूतानि दण्डेनैव प्रसाधयेत् ॥ १२.१४०.८ ॥
Men are greatly alarmed by one who always holds the rod of punishment raised. Therefore all beings should be brought under control by punishment alone.
12.140.9
एवमेव प्रशंसन्ति बुधा ये तत्त्वदर्शिनः ।
तस्माच्चतुष्टये तस्मिन्प्रधानो दण्ड उच्यते ॥ १२.१४०.९ ॥
The wise who see the truth praise it just so. Therefore, among that fourfold set, punishment is said to be the chief.
12.140.10
छिन्नमूले त्वधिष्ठाने सर्वे तज्जीविनो हताः ।
कथं हि शाखास्तिष्ठेयुश्छिन्नमूले वनस्पतौ ॥ १२.१४०.१० ॥
When the root and base are cut away, all who live upon them are destroyed. How could the branches remain on a tree whose root is cut?
12.140.11
मूलमेवादितश्छिन्द्यादरिपक्षस्य पण्डितः ।
ततः सहायान्पक्षं च सर्वमेवानुशातयेत् ॥ १२.१४०.११ ॥
The wise man should cut off the root of the enemy's side right from the beginning. Then he should destroy, in turn, its allies and all its supporters.
12.140.12
सुमन्त्रितं सुविक्रान्तं सुयुद्धं सुपलायितम् ।
आपदागमकाले तु कुर्वीत न विचारयेत् ॥ १२.१४०.१२ ॥
When calamity comes, one should act with well-deliberated plans, with valour, with good fighting and good retreat, and at that time should not deliberate further.
12.140.13
वाङ्भात्रेण विनीतः स्याद्धृदयेन यथा क्षुरः ।
श्लक्ष्णपूर्वाभिभाषी च कामक्रोधौ विवर्जयेत् ॥ १२.१४०.१३ ॥
Let him be humble only in speech, not sharp-edged like a razor in his heart. Let him speak gently first, and avoid desire and anger.
12.140.14
सपत्नसहितो राज्ये कृत्वा सन्धिं न विश्वसेत् ।
उपक्रामेत्ततः शीघ्रं कृतकार्यो विचक्षणः ॥ १२.१४०.१४ ॥
Even after making a truce in the kingdom with enemies, let him not trust them. Then, once his task is done, let the wise man withdraw from there quickly.
12.140.15
शत्रुं च मित्रं पूर्वेण सान्त्वेनैवानुसान्त्वयेत् ।
नित्यशश्चोद्विजेत्तस्मात्सर्पाद्वेश्मगतादिव ॥ १२.१४०.१५ ॥
Let him first soothe both enemy and friend with conciliation alone; yet let him always be wary of them, as of a snake that has entered the house.
12.140.16
यस्य बुद्धिं परिभवेत्तमतीतेन सान्त्वयेत् ।
अनागतेन दुष्प्रज्ञं प्रत्युत्पन्नेन पण्डितम् ॥ १२.१४०.१६ ॥
Him whose judgment he would overcome, let him soothe with the past; the foolish with the future, and the learned with the present.
12.140.17
अञ्जलिं शपथं सान्त्वं शिरसा पादवन्दनम् ।
अश्रुप्रपातनं चैव कर्तव्यं भूतिमिच्छता ॥ १२.१४०.१७ ॥
One who desires prosperity should make folded-hand salutations, swear oaths, offer conciliation, bow his head to the feet, and let tears fall.
12.140.18
वहेदमित्रं स्कन्धेन यावदर्थस्य लम्भनम् ।
अथैनमागते काले भिन्द्याद्धटमिवाश्मनि ॥ १२.१४०.१८ ॥
Let him carry the enemy on his shoulder until the purpose is attained; then, when the time has come, let him shatter him like a pot dashed against a stone.
12.140.19
मुहूर्तमपि राजेन्द्र तिन्दुकालातवज्ज्वलेत् ।
मा तुषाग्निरिवानर्चिर्धूमायेत चिरं नरः ॥ १२.१४०.१९ ॥
O lord of kings, let a man blaze even for a moment like a glowing firebrand of tinduka wood, but not smolder for long without flame like a fire of husks.
12.140.20
नानार्थिकोऽर्थसंबन्धं कृतघ्ने न समाचरेत् ।
अर्थी तु शक्यते भोक्तुं कृतकार्योऽवमन्यते।
तस्मात्सर्वाणि कार्याणि सावशेषाणि कारयेत् ॥ १२.१४०.२० ॥
One with many aims should not form a bond of interest with an ungrateful man. A supplicant can be used, but once his task is done he is despised. Therefore one should have all tasks carried out while leaving something remaining.
12.140.21
कोकिलस्य वराहस्य मेरोः शून्यस्य वेस्मनः ।
व्यालस्य भक्तचित्तस्य यच्छ्रेयस्तत्समाचरेत् ॥ १२.१४०.२१ ॥
One should practice whatever is best of the cuckoo, the boar, Mount Meru, an empty house, and the serpent whose mind is set on food.
12.140.22
उत्थायोत्थाय गच्छेच्च नित्ययुक्तो रिपोर्गृहम् ।
कुशलं चास्य पृच्छेत यद्यप्यकुशलं भवेत् ॥ १२.१४०.२२ ॥
Always alert, one should rise again and again and go to the enemy's house and ask after his welfare, even if he is in ill fortune.
12.140.23
नालसाः प्राप्नुवन्त्यर्थान्न क्लीबा नातिमानिनः ।
न च लोकरवाद्भीता न वै शश्वत्प्रतीक्षिणः ॥ १२.१४०.२३ ॥
The idle do not attain their aims, nor the feeble, nor the overly proud; nor those who fear public talk, nor those who always wait.
12.140.24
नास्य च्छिद्रं परो विद्याद्विद्याच्छिद्रं परस्य तु ।
गूहेत्कूर्म इवाङ्गानि रक्षेद्विवरमात्मनः ॥ १२.१४०.२४ ॥
The enemy should not discover one's weakness; rather one should discover the enemy's weakness. Like a tortoise hiding its limbs, one should conceal oneself and guard one's own opening.
12.140.25
बकवच्चिन्तयेदर्थान्सिंहवच्च पराक्रमेत् ।
वृकवच्चावलुम्पेत शरवच्च विनिष्पतेत् ॥ १२.१४०.२५ ॥
Like a heron he should weigh his affairs, like a lion he should show valour, like a wolf he should pounce, and like an arrow he should dart forth.
12.140.26
पानमक्षास्तथा नार्यो मृगया गीतवादितम् ।
एतानि युक्त्या सेवेत प्रसङ्गो ह्यत्र दोषवान् ॥ १२.१४०.२६ ॥
Drink, dice, women, hunting, and song and music—one should partake of these with judgment, for excessive attachment to them is faulty.
12.140.27
कुर्यात्तृणमयं चापं शयीत मृगशायिकाम् ।
अन्धः स्यादन्धवेलायां बाधिर्यमपि संश्रयेत् ॥ १२.१४०.२७ ॥
He should make a bow of grass and lie down in the posture of a deer; in a time of blindness he should be blind, and he should even take refuge in deafness.
12.140.28
देशकालं समासाद्य विक्रमेत विचक्षणः ।
देशकालव्यतीतो हि विक्रमो निष्फलो भवेत् ॥ १२.१४०.२८ ॥
The wise man, having found the right place and time, should act boldly; for valour that has passed its place and time becomes fruitless.
12.140.29
कालाकालौ संप्रधार्य बलाबलमथात्मनः ।
परस्य च बलं ज्ञात्वा तथाऽऽत्मानं नियोजयेत् ॥ १२.१४०.२९ ॥
Having carefully weighed the proper and improper time, and his own strength and weakness, and having known the strength of the enemy, then he should employ himself.
12.140.30
दण्डेनोपनतं शत्रुं यो राजा न नियच्छति ।
स मृत्युमुपगूहेत् गर्भमश्वतरी यथा ॥ १२.१४०.३० ॥
The king who does not restrain an enemy that has been brought low by punishment embraces death, as a she-mule embraces her foal.
12.140.31
सुपुष्पितः स्यादफलः फलवान्स्याद्दुरारुहः ।
आमः स्यात्पक्वसंकाशो न च शीर्येत कस्यचित् ॥ १२.१४०.३१ ॥
It may be richly blossoming yet fruitless, or fruitful yet hard to climb; unripe yet looking ripe, and let it not fall to anyone.
12.140.32
आशां कालवतीं कुर्यात्तां च विघ्नेन योजयेत् ।
विघ्नं निमित्ततो ब्रूयान्निमित्तं चापि हेतुमत् ॥ १२.१४०.३२ ॥
One should bind hope to a time and join it to an obstacle; declare the obstacle to be on account of a sign, and the sign itself to have a cause.
12.140.33
भीतवत्संविधातव्यं यावद्भयमनागतम् ।
आगतं तु भयं दृष्ट्वा प्रहर्तव्यमभीतवत् ॥ १२.१४०.३३ ॥
As long as danger has not come, one should conduct oneself as one who fears; but once danger has arrived, having seen it, one should strike as one who is fearless.
12.140.34
न साहसमनारुह्य नरो भद्राणि पश्यति ।
संशयं पुनरारुह्य यदि जीवति पश्यति ॥ १२.१४०.३४ ॥
Without undertaking a rash venture, a man does not see good things; but if, having again entered into risk, he remains alive, he sees them.
12.140.35
अनागतं विजानीयात्त्यजेद्भयमुपस्थितम् ।
पुनर्बुद्धिक्षयात्किंचिदनिवृत्तिं निशामयेत् ॥ १२.१४०.३५ ॥
One should discern what has not yet come, and abandon the danger that has arrived; then, consider that from the loss of wisdom something becomes irreversible.
12.140.36
प्रत्युपस्थितकालस्य सुखस्य परिवर्जनम् ।
अनागतसुखाशा च नैव बुद्धिमतां नयः ॥ १२.१४०.३६ ॥
To abandon the happiness of a present time that has come near, and to cling to hope of future happiness — this is not the policy of the wise.
12.140.37
योऽरिणा सह संधाय विश्वस्तः स्वपते सुखम् ।
स वृक्षाग्रे प्रसुप्तो वा पतितः प्रतिबुध्यते ॥ १२.१४०.३७ ॥
He who, having made a pact with an enemy, sleeps happily in trust, wakes up as one asleep at the top of a tree, or as one who has fallen.
12.140.38
कर्मणा येन केनेह मृदुना दारुणेन वा ।
उद्धरेद्दीनमात्मानं समर्थो धर्ममाचरेत् ॥ १२.१४०.३८ ॥
By whatever action here, gentle or harsh, one should lift up the wretched self; the capable should practise dharma.
12.140.39
ये सपत्नाः सपत्नानां सर्वांस्ताननुवर्तयेत् ।
आत्मनश्चापि बोद्धव्याश्चाराः सुमहिताः परैः ॥ १२.१४०.३९ ॥
Those who are enemies should keep track of all the enemies of those enemies; and one's own spies, well placed by others, should also be known.
12.140.40
चारः सुविहितः कार्य आत्मनोऽथ परस्य च ।
पाषण्डांस्तापसादींश्च परराष्ट्रे प्रवेशयेत् ॥ १२.१४०.४० ॥
A well-appointed spy should be placed for oneself and for the other; and heretics, ascetics and the like should be sent into the foreign kingdom.
12.140.41
उद्यानेषु विहारेषु प्रपास्वावसथेषु च ।
पानागारे प्रवेशेषु तीर्थेषु च सभासु च ॥ १२.१४०.४१ ॥
In gardens, in pleasure-grounds, at watering-places, in lodgings, at the entrances of taverns, at holy fords, and in assemblies too.
12.140.42
धर्माभिचारिणः पापाश्चौरा लोकस्य कण्टकाः ।
समागच्छन्ति तान्बुद्ध्वा नियच्छेच्छमयीत च ॥ १२.१४०.४२ ॥
Wicked thieves who transgress dharma are the thorns of the world; they gather together. Knowing them, one should restrain and pacify them.
12.140.43
न विश्वसेदविश्वस्ते विश्वस्ते नातिविश्वसेत् ।
विश्वासाद्भयमभ्येति नापरीक्ष्य च विश्वसेत् ॥ १२.१४०.४३ ॥
One should not trust one who is untrustworthy, and should not place excessive trust even in one who is trustworthy. Fear comes from trust; one should not trust without testing.
12.140.44
विश्वासयित्वा तु परं तत्त्वभूतेन हेतुना ।
अथास्य प्रहरेत्काले किंचिद्विचलिते पदे ॥ १२.१४०.४४ ॥
Having won another's trust by means that seem genuine, one should strike at the right moment, when his footing has slightly wavered.
12.140.45
अशङ्क्यमपि शङ्केत नित्यं शङ्केत शङ्कितान ।
भयं ह्यशङ्किताज्जातं समूलमपि कृन्तति ॥ १२.१४०.४५ ॥
One should suspect even the unsuspectable, and always suspect the suspected. For fear born from the unsuspected cuts down even to the root.
12.140.46
अवधानेन मौनेन काषायेण जटाजिनैः ।
विश्वासयित्वा द्वेष्टारमवलुम्पेद्यथा वृकः ॥ १२.१४०.४६ ॥
Having won trust through watchful attention, silence, ochre robes, matted hair and deerskins, one should seize the enemy as a wolf does.
12.140.47
पुत्रो वा यदि वा भ्राता पिता वा यदि वा सुहृद ।
अर्थस्य विघ्नं कुर्वाणा हन्तव्या भूतिमिच्छता ॥ १२.१४०.४७ ॥
Whether a son, a brother, a father, or a friend, one who creates an obstacle to the matter of wealth should be slain by one who desires prosperity.
12.140.48
गुरोरप्यवलिप्तस्य कार्याकार्यमजानतः ।
उत्पथं प्रतिपन्नस्य कार्यं भवति शासनम् ॥ १२.१४०.४८ ॥
Even a teacher, if he is arrogant, does not know what should and should not be done, and has gone astray, must be corrected by punishment.
12.140.49
प्रत्युत्थानाभिवादाभ्यां संप्रदानेन केनचित् ।
प्रपूजयन्निघाती स्यात्तीक्ष्णतुण्ड इव द्विजः। ॥ १२.१४०.४९ ॥
Honoring him by rising up, greeting him, and offering some gift, one should strike like a bird with a sharp beak, from hiding.
12.140.50
नाच्छित्त्वा परमर्माणि नाकृत्वा कर्म दारुणम् ।
नाहत्वा मत्स्यघातीव प्राप्नोति परमां श्रियम् ॥ १२.१४०.५० ॥
One who neither cuts the vital points, nor does a cruel deed, nor strikes like a fisherman, does not attain supreme prosperity.
12.140.51
नास्ति जात्या रिपुर्नाम मित्रं वाऽपि न विद्यते ।
सामर्थ्ययोगाज्जायन्ते मित्राणि रिपवस्तथा ॥ १२.१४०.५१ ॥
By birth there is no enemy, nor is there a friend; through the union of capacity, friends and enemies arise alike.
12.140.52
न प्रमुञ्चेत दायादं वदन्तं करुणं बहु ।
दुःखं तत्र न कर्तव्यं हन्यात्पूर्वापकारिणम् ॥ १२.१४०.५२ ॥
One should not release a kinsman who speaks much in piteous appeal; there one should not grieve, but slay the one who previously wronged him.
12.140.53
संग्रहानुग्रहे यत्नः सदा कार्योऽनसूयता ।
निग्रहश्चापि यत्नेन कर्तव्यो हितमिच्छता ॥ १२.१४०.५३ ॥
In gathering and in favouring, one should always strive without envy; and one who desires welfare should also strive to restrain.
12.140.54
प्रहरिष्यन्प्रियं ब्रूयात्प्रहृत्यापि प्रियोत्तरम् ।
असिनाऽपि शिरश्छित्त्वा शोचेत च रुदेत च ॥ १२.१४०.५४ ॥
One about to strike should speak kindly; even after striking, he should answer kindly; even having cut off the head with a sword, he should lament and weep.
12.140.55
निमन्त्रयीत सान्त्वेन संमानेन तितिक्षया ।
आशाकरणमित्येतत्कर्तव्यं भूतिमिच्छता ॥ १२.१४०.५५ ॥
One should win over by conciliation, honour and patience; for one who desires prosperity, creating hope is the duty.
12.140.56
न शुष्कवैरं कुर्वीत बाहुभ्यां न नदीं तरेत् ।
अनर्थकमनायुष्यं गोविषाणस्य भक्षणम्।
दन्ताश्च परिमृद्यन्ते रसश्चापि न लभ्यते ॥ १२.१४०.५६ ॥
One should not nurse barren enmity, nor cross a river with one's arms; eating cow's horn is pointless and shortens life—the teeth are worn down and even flavour is not obtained.
12.140.57
त्रिवर्गे त्रिविधा पीडा अनुबन्धस्तथैव च ।
अनुबन्धं तथा ज्ञात्वा पीडां च परिवर्जयेत् ॥ १२.१४०.५७ ॥
In the triad of aims there are three kinds of affliction, and likewise their consequence; knowing the consequence, one should avoid the affliction.
12.140.58
ऋणशेषं चाग्निशेषं शत्रुशेषं तथैव च ।
पुनः पुनः प्रवर्धन्ते तस्माच्छेषं न कारयेत् ॥ १२.१४०.५८ ॥
A remnant of debt, a remnant of fire and a remnant of an enemy grow again and again; therefore one should leave no remnant.
12.140.59
ऋणशेषां विवर्धन्ते परिभूताश्च शत्रवः ।
आवहन्त्यनयं तीव्रं व्याधयश्चाप्युपेक्षिताः ॥ १२.१४०.५९ ॥
From a remnant of debt even humbled enemies grow strong; and diseases neglected bring about severe ruin.
12.140.60
नाम…क्कृत्यकारी स्यादप्रमत्तः सदा भवेत् ।
कष्यकोपि हि दुश्छिन्नो विकारं कुरुते चिरम् ॥ १२.१४०.६० ॥
…… one should be a doer of what must be done and always be heedful; even a small wound, if badly healed, produces festering for a long time.
12.140.61
वधेम च मनुष्याणां मार्गाणां दूषणेन च ।
आकाराणां विनाशैश्च परराष्ट्रं विनाशयेत् ॥ १२.१४०.६१ ॥
By slaying men, by polluting the roads, and by destroying signs, let one ruin the enemy's kingdom.
12.140.62
गृध्रदृष्टिर्बकालीनः श्वचेष्टः सिंहविक्रमः ।
अनुद्विग्रः काकशङ्की भुजङ्गचरितं चरेत् ॥ १२.१४०.६२ ॥
With the vulture's sight, the heron's concealment, the dog's behaviour and the lion's valour, fearless yet suspicious like the crow, let him conduct himself as a serpent does.
12.140.63
शूरमञ्जलिपातेन भीरुं भेदेन भेदयेत् ।
लुब्धमर्थप्रदानेन समं तुल्येन विग्रहः ॥ १२.१४०.६३ ॥
Let him win over a hero with folded hands, divide a coward by sowing discord, win a greedy man with gifts of wealth, and wage war against an equal.
12.140.64
श्रेणीमुख्योपजापेषु वल्लभानुनयेषु च ।
अमात्यान्परिरक्षेत भेदसंघातयोरपि ॥ १२.१४०.६४ ॥
In the intrigues with guild-leaders and in the conciliation of favourites, let him protect his ministers from both division and alliance.
12.140.65
मृदुरित्यवजानन्ति तीक्ष्ण इत्युद्विजन्ति च ।
तीक्ष्णकाले भवेत्तीक्ष्णो मृदुकाले मृदुर्भवेत् ॥ १२.१४०.६५ ॥
Thinking "he is gentle," they despise him; thinking "he is harsh," they dread him. Therefore let him be harsh in a harsh time, and gentle in a gentle time.
12.140.66
मृदुनैव मृदुं हन्ति मृदुना हन्ति दारुणम् ।
नासाध्यं मृदुना किंचित्तस्मात्तीक्ष्णतरो मृदुः ॥ १२.१४०.६६ ॥
By gentleness itself one strikes down the gentle, and by gentleness one strikes down even the cruel. Nothing is unattainable by gentleness; therefore the gentle man is sharper than the sharp.
12.140.67
काले मृदुर्यो भवति काले भवति दारुणः ।
स साधयति कृत्यानि शत्रुं चाप्यधितिष्ठति ॥ १२.१४०.६७ ॥
He who is gentle in due time and harsh in due time accomplishes his tasks and masters even his enemy.
12.140.68
पण्डितेन विरुद्धस्तु दूरस्थोऽस्मीति नाश्वसेत् ।
दीर्घौ बुद्धिमतो बाहू याभ्यां हिंसति हिंसितः ॥ १२.१४०.६८ ॥
When at odds with a wise man, one should not feel secure thinking, 'I am far away'; the arms of the wise are long, and with them he strikes the one who strikes him.
12.140.69
न तत्तरेद्यस्य न पारमुत्तरे ।
न्न तद्धरेद्यत्पुनराहरेत्परः।
न तत्खनेद्यस्य न मूलमुद्धरे ।
न्न तं हन्याद्यस्य शिरो न पातयेत् ॥ १२.१४०.६९ ॥
One should not cross what cannot be crossed; one should not seize what the enemy could take back; one should not dig up what's root cannot be uprooted; one should not strike him whose head cannot be brought down.
12.140.70
इतीदमुक्तं वृजिनाभिसंहितं ।
न चैतदेवं पुरुषः समाचरेत्।
परप्रयुक्तस्तु कथं विभावये ।
दतो मयोक्तं भवतो हितार्थिना ॥ १२.१४०.७० ॥
Thus has this been spoken, full of wicked intent; a man should not conduct himself so. But how can I discern one who is instigated by another? I have said this to you, desiring your welfare.
12.140.71
यथावदुक्तं वचनं हितार्थिना ।
निशम्य विप्रेण सुवीरराष्ट्रपः।
तथाऽकरोद्वाक्यमदीनचेतनः ।
श्रियं च दीप्तां बुभुजे सबान्धवः ॥ १२.१४०.७१ ॥
Having heard the words spoken by one who desired his welfare, just as they were spoken, from the brahmin, that king who protected a realm of valiant heroes acted accordingly with an undaunted mind, and with his kinsmen enjoyed radiant prosperity.