Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.160
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12.160.1
सत्यं धर्मं प्रशंसन्ति विप्रर्षिपितृदेवताः ।
सत्यमिच्छाम्यहं ज्ञातुं तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥ १२.१६०.१ ॥
Brāhmaṇas, sages, ancestors and gods praise truth as dharma. Grandfather, I wish to know that truth; tell it to me.
12.160.2
सत्यं किंलक्षणं राजन्कथं वा तदवाप्यते ।
सत्यं प्राप्य भवेत्किंच कथं चैव तदुच्यताम् ॥ १२.१६०.२ ॥
O king, what is the characteristic of truth, and how is it attained? What comes from attaining truth, and how is it to be told?
12.160.3
चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य धर्माणां संकरो न प्रशस्यते ।
धर्मः साधारणः सत्यं सर्ववर्णेषु भारत ॥ १२.१६०.३ ॥
Mixing the duties of the four varṇas is not praised. But truth is a dharma common to all varṇas, O Bhārata.
12.160.4
सत्यं सत्सु सदा धर्मः सत्यं धर्मः सनातनः ।
सत्यमेव नमस्येत सत्यं हि परमा गतिः ॥ १२.१६०.४ ॥
Among the good, truth is always dharma; truth is eternal dharma. Truth alone should be revered, for truth is the supreme goal.
12.160.5
सत्यं धर्मस्तपोयोगः सत्यं ब्रह्म सनातनम् ।
सत्यं यज्ञः परः प्रोक्तः सर्वं सत्ये प्रतिष्ठितम् ॥ १२.१६०.५ ॥
Truth is dharma; truth is austerity and yoga; truth is the eternal Brahman. Truth is declared the supreme sacrifice; all things are established in truth.
12.160.6
रूपं यदिह सत्यस्य यथावदनुपूर्वशः ।
लक्षणं च प्रवक्ष्यामि सत्यस्येह पराक्रमम् ॥ १२.१६०.६ ॥
I shall set forth here, in due order and as it truly is, the form of truth; and I shall also explain the characteristic of truth and its power.
12.160.7
प्राप्यते च यथा सत्यं तच्च वेत्तुमिहार्हसि ।
सत्यं त्रयोदशावधं सर्वलोकेषु भारत ॥ १२.१६०.७ ॥
And how truth is attained, that too you ought to know here. O Bhārata, truth is thirteenfold in all the worlds.
12.160.8
सत्यं च समता चैव दमश्चैव न संशयः ।
अमात्सर्यं क्षमा चैव ह्रीस्तितिक्षाऽनसूयता ॥ १२.१६०.८ ॥
Truth, equanimity, and self-restraint too, without doubt; freedom from envy, forbearance, modesty, endurance, and not finding fault.
12.160.9
त्यागो ध्यानमथार्यत्वं धृतिश्च सततं दया ।
अहिंसा चैव राजेन्द्र सत्याकारास्त्रयोदश ॥ १२.१६०.९ ॥
Renunciation, meditation, nobility, steadfastness, and constant compassion, and non-violence too, O king of kings — these are the thirteen forms of truth.
12.160.10
सत्यं नामाव्ययं नित्यमविकारि तथैव च ।
सर्वधर्माविरुद्धं च योगेनैतदवाप्यते ॥ १२.१६०.१० ॥
Truth, by name, is imperishable, eternal, and unchanging, and not opposed to any dharma; it is attained through yoga.
12.160.11
आत्मनीष्टे तथाऽनिष्टे रिपौ च समता तथा ।
इच्छाद्वेषं क्षयं प्राप्य कामक्रोधक्षयं तथा ॥ १२.१६०.११ ॥
Equanimity toward oneself, toward the desired and the undesired, and toward an enemy as well; having attained the destruction of desire and aversion, and likewise the destruction of lust and anger.
12.160.12
दमी नान्यस्पृहा नित्यं गाम्भीर्यं धैर्यमेव च ।
अशाठ्यं क्रोधदमनं ज्ञानेनैतदवाप्यते ॥ १२.१६०.१२ ॥
The self-restrained man who never desires what belongs to others; depth and steadfastness too; honesty and the restraint of anger — these are attained through knowledge.
12.160.13
अमात्सर्यं बुधाः प्राहुर्दाने धर्मे च संयमः ।
अवस्थितेन नित्यं च सत्येनामत्सरी भवेत् ॥ १२.१६०.१३ ॥
The wise say that in giving and in dharma there should be freedom from envy and self-restraint. One who is steadfast should always be free from envy through truth.
12.160.14
अक्षमायाः क्षमायाश्च प्रियाणीहाप्रियाणि च ।
क्षमते स तः साधुस्ततः प्राप्नोति सत्यताम् ॥ १२.१६०.१४ ॥
He who bears forgiveness and unforgiveness, and pleasant and unpleasant things here, is a good man; therefore he attains truthfulness.
12.160.15
कल्याणं रुते बाढं धीमान्न ग्लायते क्वचित् ।
प्रशान्तवाङ्भना नित्यं ह्रीस्तु धर्मादवाप्यते ॥ १२.१६०.१५ ॥
The wise man speaks what is auspicious and never grows weary. For one whose speech and mind are always calm, modesty is obtained through dharma.
12.160.16
धर्मार्थहेतोः क्षमते तितिक्षा धर्म उत्तमः ।
लोकसंग्रहणार्थं वै सा तु धैर्येण लभ्यते ॥ १२.१६०.१६ ॥
For the sake of dharma and wealth, one forbears; forbearance is the supreme dharma. For the sake of holding the world together, it is obtained through steadiness.
12.160.17
अनसूया तु गाम्भीर्यं दानेनैतदवाप्यते ।
त्यक्तस्नेहस्य यस्त्यागो विषयाणां तथैव च।
रागद्वेषप्रहीणस्य त्यागो भवति नान्यथा ॥ १२.१६०.१७ ॥
Freedom from fault-finding and depth of character are obtained through giving. The renunciation of sense-objects by one who has abandoned attachment is likewise; the renunciation of one free from desire and aversion is not otherwise.
12.160.18
ध्यानं च शाठ्यमित्युक्तं मौनेनैतदवाप्यते ।
आर्यता नाम भूतानां यः करोति प्रयत्नतः।
शुभं कर्म निराकारो वीतरागस्तथैव च ॥ १२.१६०.१८ ॥
Meditation and deceit are said; this is obtained through silence. Nobility toward beings belongs to one who with effort performs auspicious action; the formless one and the one free from passion are likewise.
12.160.19
धृतिर्नाम सुखे दुःखे यया नाप्नोति विक्रियाम् ।
तां भजेत सदा प्राज्ञो य इच्छेद्भूतिमात्मनः ॥ १२.१६०.१९ ॥
Steadfastness is that by which a man is not disturbed in pleasure or in pain. The wise man who desires his own welfare should always cultivate it.
12.160.20
सर्वथा क्षमिणा भाव्यं तथा सत्यपरेण च ।
वीतहर्षभयक्रोधो धृतिमाप्नोति पण्डितः ॥ १२.१६०.२० ॥
The forbearing man must be so in every way, and likewise devoted to truth. The learned man, free from joy, fear and anger, attains steadfastness.
12.160.21
अद्रोहः सर्वभूतेषु कर्मणा मनसा गिरा ।
अनुग्रहश्च दानं च सतां धर्मः सनातनः ॥ १२.१६०.२१ ॥
Not to injure any being in deed, mind or speech, kindness, and giving — these are the eternal duty of the good.
12.160.22
एते त्रयोदशाकाराः पृथक्सत्यैकलक्षणाः ।
भजन्ते सत्यमेवेह बृंहयन्ते च भारत ॥ १२.१६०.२२ ॥
These thirteen forms, though separate, share the single characteristic of truth. O Bhārata, here they partake of truth alone and strengthen it.
12.160.23
नान्तः शक्यो गुणानां च वक्तुं सत्यस्य पार्थिव ।
अतः सत्यं प्रशंसन्ति विप्राः सपितृदेवताः ॥ १२.१६०.२३ ॥
O king, the qualities of truth cannot be spoken of to their end. Therefore the brahmins, together with the ancestors and gods, praise truth.
12.160.24
नास्ति सत्यात्परो धर्मो नानृतात्पातकं परम् ।
स्थितिर्हि सत्यं धर्मस्य तस्मात्सत्यं न लोपयेत् ॥ १२.१६०.२४ ॥
There is no duty higher than truth, and no sin greater than falsehood. Truth is the very support of dharma; therefore one should not abandon truth.
12.160.25
उपैति सत्याद्दानं हि तथा यज्ञाः सदक्षिणाः ।
त्रेताग्निहोत्रं वेदाश्च ये चान्ये धर्मनिश्चयाः ॥ १२.१६०.२५ ॥
From truth comes giving; likewise sacrifices with their fees, the threefold fire-offering, the Vedas, and the other certainties of dharma.
12.160.26
अश्वमेधसहस्त्रं च सत्यं च तुलया धृतम् ।
अश्वमेधसहस्राद्धि सत्यमेव विशिष्यते ॥ १२.१६०.२६ ॥
If a thousand horse-sacrifices and truth were weighed on a balance, truth alone would outweigh the thousand horse-sacrifices.