Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.163
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12.163.1
कृतार्थी यक्ष्यमाणश्च सर्ववेदान्तगश्च यः ।
आचार्यपितृकार्यार्थं स्वाध्यायार्थमथापि च ॥ १२.१६३.१ ॥
He whose aim is accomplished, who is about to perform sacrifice, and who has mastered all the Vedānta — for the duties of teacher and ancestors, and also for the sake of Vedic study.
12.163.2
एते वै साधवो दृष्टा ब्राह्मणाः धर्मभिक्षवः ।
निःस्वेभ्यो देयमेतेभ्यो दानं विद्या च भारत ॥ १२.१६३.२ ॥
These virtuous brahmins are seen to be beggars for dharma. O Bhārata, gifts and learning should be given to these, out of the means of the destitute.
12.163.3
अन्यत्र दक्षिणादानं देयं भरतसत्तम ।
अन्येभ्योऽपि बहिर्वेदि न कृतान्नं विधीयते ॥ १२.१६३.३ ॥
O best of the Bharatas, the gift of sacrificial fee should be given elsewhere. For others too, outside the sacrificial altar, cooked food is not prescribed.
12.163.4
सर्वरत्नानि राजा हि यथार्हं प्रतिपादयेत् ।
ब्राह्मणायैव यज्ञाश्च सहान्नाः सहदक्षिणाः ॥ १२.१६३.४ ॥
The king should indeed bestow all jewels upon the brahmin, as is fitting; and sacrifices, together with food and sacrificial fees, should be for the brahmin alone.
12.163.5
अन्येभ्यो विमलाचारा यजन्ते गुणतः सदा ।
यस्य त्रैवार्षिकं भक्तं पर्याप्तं भृत्यवृत्तये।
अधिकं चापि विद्येत स सोमं पातुमर्हति ॥ १२.१६३.५ ॥
Those of pure conduct always sacrifice for others according to merit. He whose store of food suffices for his servants' livelihood for three years, and even more, is worthy to drink soma.
12.163.6
यज्ञश्चेत्प्रतिरुद्धः स्यादंशेनैकेन यज्वनः ।
ब्राह्मणस्य विशेषेण धार्मिके सति राजनि ॥ १२.१६३.६ ॥
If the sacrifice of a sacrificing brahmin is obstructed even by one portion, especially when there is a righteous king, that is improper.
12.163.7
यो वैश्यः स्याद्बहुपशुर्हीनक्रतुरसोमपः ।
कुटुम्बात्तस्य तद्वित्तं यज्ञार्थं पार्थिवो हरेत् ॥ १२.१६३.७ ॥
If a vaiśya, rich in cattle, performs no sacrifices and drinks no soma, the king should take his wealth from his household for the sake of sacrifice.
12.163.8
आहरेद्द्रुह्यतः किंचित्कामं शूद्रस्य वेश्मनि ।
न हि वेश्मनि शूद्रस्य किंचिदस्ति परिग्रहः ॥ १२.१६३.८ ॥
From one who harms others, one may take whatever is desired from the house of a śūdra; for in a śūdra's house there is no accumulated possession at all.
12.163.9
योऽनाहिताग्निः शतगुरयज्वा त्त सहस्रगुः ।
तयोरपि कुटुम्बाभ्यामाहरेदविचारयन् ॥ १२.१६३.९ ॥
From the households of those two—one who keeps no sacred fire, owns a hundred cattle, and performs no sacrifice, and one who owns a thousand cattle—the king should take without hesitation.
12.163.10
अदातृभ्यो हरेद्वित्तं विख्याप्य नृपतिः सदा ।
तथैवाचरतो धर्मो नृपतेः स्यादथाखिलः ॥ १२.१६३.१० ॥
From those who do not give, a king should always take wealth after making it known; for a king who so conducts himself, his duty is complete.
12.163.11
तथैव सप्तमे भक्ते भक्तानि षडनश्नतः ।
अश्वस्तनविभागेन हर्तव्यं हीनकर्मणः ॥ १२.१६३.११ ॥
Likewise, from one of base deeds who, on the seventh meal, has eaten nothing for six meals, one should take, as a share of tomorrow's food, according to the aśvastana division.
12.163.12
खलात्क्षेत्रात्तथागाराद्यतो वाऽप्युपपद्यते ।
आख्यातव्यं नृपस्यैतत्पृच्छतोऽपृच्छतोपि वा।
न तस्मै धारयेद्दण्डं राजा धर्मेण धर्मवित् ॥ १२.१६३.१२ ॥
Whether from a threshing floor, a field, a house, or from whatever source it is obtained, this should be declared to the king, whether he asks or does not ask. The king who knows dharma should not impose punishment upon him.
12.163.13
क्षत्रियस्य तु बालिश्याद्ब्राह्मणः क्लिश्यते क्षुधा ।
श्रुतशीले समाज्ञाय वृत्तिमस्य प्रकल्पयेत् ॥ १२.१६३.१३ ॥
If a brahmin suffers from hunger through the folly of a kṣatriya, having fully recognized his learning and conduct, one should provide for his livelihood.
12.163.14
अथैनं परिरक्षेत पिता पुत्रमिवौरसम्। ॥ १२.१६३.१४ ॥
Then one should protect him as a father protects his own begotten son.
12.163.15
इष्टिं वैश्वानरीं नित्यं निर्वपेदब्दपर्यये ।
अविकल्पः पुरा धर्मो धर्मवादैस्तु केवलः ॥ १२.१६३.१५ ॥
At the end of the year one should always offer the Vaiśvānarī sacrifice. In former times this dharma, taught by the expounders of dharma, was the one rule without alternative.
12.163.16
विश्वैर्देवैश्च साध्यैश्च ब्राह्मणैश्च महर्षिभिः ।
आपत्सु गरणाद्भीतैर्लिङ्गः प्रतिनिधीकृतः ॥ १२.१६३.१६ ॥
The Viśvedevas, the gods, the Sādhyas, the brahmins and the great sages, afraid of poison in times of distress, established a symbolic rule as its substitute.
12.163.17
प्रभुः प्रथमकल्पस्य योऽनुकल्पेन वर्तते ।
स नाप्नोति फलं तस्य प्रेत्य चेह च दुर्मतिः ॥ १२.१६३.१७ ॥
A man of power who, abandoning the first rule, acts by a substitute rule, that foolish-minded one obtains its fruit neither after death nor here.
12.163.18
न ब्राह्मणो वेदयीत किंचिद्राजनि धर्मवित् ।
अविद्यावेदनाद्विद्यात्स्ववीर्यं वीर्यवत्तरम्।
तस्माद्राज्ञः सदा तेजो दुःसहं ब्रह्मवादिनाम् ॥ १२.१६३.१८ ॥
A brahmin who knows dharma should reveal nothing to the king; by revealing ignorance one's own strength is known to be the greater. Therefore the king's splendor is always unbearable to the speakers of Brahman.
12.163.19
मन्ता शास्ता विधाता च ब्राह्मणो देव उच्यते ।
तस्मिन्नाकुशलं ब्रूयान्न शुष्कामीरयेद्गिरम् ॥ १२.१६३.१९ ॥
The brahmin who is counsellor, instructor and ordainer is called a god. One should not speak anything unfavourable about him, nor utter a dry, harsh word.
12.163.20
क्षत्रियो बाहुवीर्येण तरेदापदमात्मनः ।
धनैर्वैश्यश्च शुद्रश्च मन्त्रैर्होमैश्च वै द्विजः ॥ १२.१६३.२० ॥
A kshatriya should overcome his distress by the strength of his arms; a vaishya and a shudra by wealth; and a twice-born man by mantras and oblations.
12.163.21
नैव कन्या न युवतिर्नामन्त्रज्ञो न बालिशः ।
परिवेष्टाऽग्निहोत्रस्य भवेन्नासंस्कृतस्तथा ॥ १२.१६३.२१ ॥
Neither a maiden, nor a young woman, nor one who knows no invocations, nor a fool, nor one unrefined, may be the server around the agnihotra fire.
12.163.22
नरके निपतन्त्येते जुह्वानाः सवनस्य तत् ।
तस्माद्वैतानकुशलो होता स्याद्वेदपारगः ॥ १२.१६३.२२ ॥
Those who offer oblations at the pressing fall into hell for transgressing these rules. Therefore, one unskilled in the vaitāna rite should be a hotṛ who has mastered the Vedas.
12.163.23
प्राजापत्यमदत्त्वा च अग्न्याधेयस्य दक्षिणाम् ।
अनाहिताग्निरिति सं प्रोच्यते धर्मदर्शिभिः ॥ १२.१६३.२३ ॥
One who has not given the prājāpatya offering and the fee for the establishing of the fire is declared by the seers of dharma to be one without the sacred fires.
12.163.24
पुण्यान्यन्यानि कुर्वीत श्रद्दधानो जितेन्द्रियः ।
अनाप्तदक्षिणैर्यज्ञैर्न यजेत कथंचन ॥ १२.१६३.२४ ॥
A faithful, self-controlled person should perform other meritorious deeds; he should never in any way sacrifice with sacrifices for which the fees have not been paid.
12.163.25
प्रजाः पंशूश्च स्वर्गं च हन्ति यज्ञो ह्यदक्षिणः ।
इन्द्रियाणि यशः कीर्तिभायुश्चाप्यवकृन्तति ॥ १२.१६३.२५ ॥
A sacrifice without dakṣiṇā destroys offspring, cattle and heaven; it cuts off the senses, fame, renown and even life.
12.163.26
उदक्यामासते ये च द्विजाः केचिदनग्नयः ।
कुलं चाश्रोत्रियं येषां सर्वे ते शूद्रकर्मिणः ॥ १२.१६३.२६ ॥
Those twice-born men who dwell with ritually impure women and fail to keep the sacred fires, whose family has no one learned in the Veda — all of them do the work of śūdras.
12.163.27
उदपानोदके ग्रामे ब्राह्मणो वृपलीयतिः ।
अपित्वा द्वादश समाः शूद्रकर्मैव गच्छति ॥ १२.१६३.२७ ॥
A brahmin in a village with wells and water who behaves like a low-caste man, without drinking, goes on to do the work of a śūdra for twelve years.
12.163.28
अभार्यी शयने विभ्रच्छूद्रं वृद्धं च वै द्विजः ।
अब्राह्मणं भन्यमानस्तृणेष्वासीत पृष्ठतः।
तथा संशुध्यते राजञ्शृणु चात्र वचो मम ॥ १२.१६३.२८ ॥
A twice-born man without a wife who holds a śūdra or an elder on the bed, or is struck by a non-brahmin, should sit behind on the grass; thus he is purified. Hear my words on this, O king.
12.163.29
यदेकरात्रेण करोति पापं ।
कृष्णं वर्णं ब्राह्मणः सेवमानः।
स्थानासनाभ्यां विहरन्वती स ।
त्रिभिर्वर्षैः शमयेदात्मपापम् ॥ १२.१६३.२९ ॥
A brahmin who has served a dark-coloured man (a śūdra) and committed a sin in one night should, observing vows of standing and sitting while wandering about, pacify his own sin within three years.
12.163.30
न नर्मयुक्तमतृतं हिनस्ति ।
न स्त्रीषु राजन्न विवाहकाले।
प्राणात्यये सर्वधनापहारे ।
पञ्चानृतान्याहुरपातकानि ॥ १२.१६३.३० ॥
A lie told in jest does no harm. O king, among women, at the time of marriage, when life is at risk, or when all one's wealth is being taken — these five kinds of untruth are called free of sin.
12.163.31
श्रद्दधानः शुभां विद्यां हीनादपि समाप्नुयात् ।
सुवर्णमपि चामेध्यादाददीताविचारयन् ॥ १२.१६३.३१ ॥
A man of faith may obtain auspicious knowledge even from a lowly person, and may take gold even from an impure place without hesitation.
12.163.32
स्त्रीरत्नं दुष्कुलाच्चापि विषादप्यमृतं पिबेत् ।
अदूष्या हि स्त्रियो रत्नमाप इत्येव धर्मतः ॥ १२.१६३.३२ ॥
A jewel of a woman may be taken even from a bad family, as one may drink nectar even from poison. Women are not to be blamed; they are like water, so one should know according to dharma.
12.163.33
गोब्राह्मणहितार्थं च वर्णानां संकरेषु च ।
वैश्यो गृह्णीत शस्त्राणि परित्राणार्थमात्मनः ॥ १२.१६३.३३ ॥
For the welfare of cows and brāhmaṇas, and in times of mixture of the social orders, a vaiśya should take up weapons for his own protection.
12.163.34
सुरापो ब्रह्महा चैव गुरुतल्पगतस्तथा ।
अचिरेण महाराज पतितो वै भवत्युत ॥ १२.१६३.३४ ॥
A drinker of liquor, a slayer of a brāhmaṇa, and one who has gone to his teacher's bed, great king, soon becomes fallen.
12.163.35
सुवर्णहरणं स्तैन्यं विप्रस्वं चेति पातकम् ।
विहारो मद्यपानं च अगम्यागमनं तथा ॥ १२.१६३.३५ ॥
Stealing gold, theft, and seizing the property of a brāhmaṇa are sins; and so too are idle pastimes, drinking liquor, and going to the unapproachable.
12.163.36
पतितैः संप्रयोगश्च ब्राह्मणीयोनितस्तथा ।
अनिर्देश्यानि मन्यन्ते प्राणान्तानीति धारणा ॥ १२.१६३.३६ ॥
Association with fallen persons, and the offspring of a brāhmaṇa womb, are likewise; the rule holds that these are sins for which death is the penalty.
12.163.37
संवत्सरेण पतति पतितेन सहाचरन् ।
याजनाध्यापनाद्दानान्न तु यानासनाशनात् ॥ १२.१६३.३७ ॥
One who lives together with a fallen man falls himself within a year—through officiating sacrifices, teaching, or giving gifts; but not through sharing a vehicle, a seat, or a meal.
12.163.38
एतानि हित्वातोऽन्यानि निर्देश्यानीति धारणा ।
निर्देश्यकेन विधिना कालेनाव्यसनी भवेत् ॥ १२.१६३.३८ ॥
Setting these aside, the others are held to be the declarable offences; by the prescribed rule, in due time, let him become free from misfortune.
12.163.39
अनुत्तीर्य न होतव्यं प्रेतकर्मण्युपाश्रिते ।
त्रिषु त्वेतेषु पूर्वेषु न कुर्वीत विचारणम् ॥ १२.१६३.३९ ॥
When the funeral rite has been undertaken, one should not offer the oblation without completing it; yet regarding these three earlier matters one should not deliberate.
12.163.40
अमात्यान्वा गुरून्वापि जह्याद्धर्मेण धार्मिकः ।
प्रायश्चित्तान्यकुर्वाणा नैते कुर्वन्ति संविदम् ॥ १२.१६३.४० ॥
A righteous man, by dharma, may abandon even ministers or teachers who do not perform expiations; these men make no agreement.
12.163.41
अधर्मकारी धर्मेण तपसा हन्ति किल्विषम् ।
ब्राह्मणायावगुर्येत स्पृष्टे गुरुतरं भवेत् ॥ १२.१६३.४१ ॥
One who has done what is adharma destroys the sin by dharma and austerity; let him confess before a brahmin; if he touches the brahmin, the sin becomes heavier.
12.163.42
अस्तेनं स्तेन इत्युक्त्वा द्विगुणं पापमाप्नुयात् ।
त्रिभागं ब्रह्महत्यायाः कन्यां प्राप्नोति दुष्यति।
यस्तु दूषयिता तस्याः शेषं प्राप्नोति पाप्मनः ॥ १२.१६३.४२ ॥
He who calls a non-thief a thief incurs twice the sin; one who obtains a maiden and defiles her incurs a third part of the sin of killing a brahmin; and he who defiles her incurs the remainder of that sin.
12.163.43
ब्राह्मणानवगर्ह्येह स्पृष्ट्वा गुरुतरं भवेत् ।
वर्षाणां हि शतं पापः प्रतिष्ठां नाधिगच्छति ॥ १२.१६३.४३ ॥
Having reviled brahmins here, or having struck them, one's guilt becomes heavier. The sinner does not find a footing for a hundred years.
12.163.44
सहस्रं चैव वर्षाणां निपत्य नरकं वसेत् ।
तस्मान्नैवावगुर्याद्धि नैव जातु निपातयेत् ॥ १२.१६३.४४ ॥
One falls into hell and dwells there for a thousand years. Therefore one should never revile, and never bring anyone down.
12.163.45
शोणितं यावतः पांसून्संगृह्णीयाद्द्विजक्षतात् ।
तावतीः स समा राजन्नरके प्रतिपद्यते ॥ १२.१६३.४५ ॥
O king, as many years as the grains of dust that gather in the blood from a twice-born's wound, that many years he remains in hell.
12.163.46
भ्रूणहाऽऽहवमध्ये तु शुध्यते शस्त्रपाततः ।
आत्मानं जुहुयादग्नौ समिद्धे तेन शुध्यते ॥ १२.१६३.४६ ॥
A slayer of an embryo is purified in the midst of battle by falling to weapons; or by offering himself into a kindled fire, by that he is purified.
12.163.47
सुरापो वारुणीमुष्णां पीत्वा पापाद्विमुच्यते ॥ १२.१६३.४७ ॥
A drinker of liquor, having drunk hot varuṇī, is freed from sin.
12.163.48
तया स काये निर्दग्धे मृत्युं वा प्राप्य शुध्यति ।
लोकांश्च लभते विप्रो नान्यथा लभते हि सः ॥ १२.१६३.४८ ॥
When his body is burned by that, or having met death, he is purified; and the brahmin then obtains the worlds, otherwise he does not obtain them.
12.163.49
गुरुतल्पमधिष्ठाय दुरात्मा पापचेतनः ।
शिलां ज्वलन्तीमासाद्य मृत्युना सोभिशुध्यति ॥ १२.१६३.४९ ॥
The wicked-minded man of sinful thought, having lain on his teacher's bed, is purified by death when he reaches a blazing rock.
12.163.50
अधवा शिश्नवृषणावादायाञ्जलिना स्वयम् ।
नैर्ऋतीं दिशमास्थाय निपतेत्सत्वजिह्मगः ॥ १२.१६३.५० ॥
Or, taking his own penis and testicles in cupped hands and turning toward the southwest direction, the crooked-natured man should fall down.
12.163.51
ब्राह्मणार्थेऽपि वा प्राणान्संत्यजंस्तेन शुध्यति ॥ १२.१६३.५१ ॥
Or, by giving up his life for the sake of a brahmin, he is purified thereby.
12.163.52
अश्वमेधेन वाऽपीष्ट्वा अथवा गोसवेन वा ।
मरुत्सोमेन वा सम्यगिह प्रेत्य च पूज्यते ॥ १२.१६३.५२ ॥
Having performed the horse sacrifice, or the go-sava, or the Marut-soma rite, he is rightly honored here and after death.
12.163.53
तथैव द्वादशसमाः कापोतं धर्ममाचरेत् ।
एककालं चरेद्भैक्षं स्वकर्मोदाहरञ्जने ॥ १२.१६३.५३ ॥
Likewise, for twelve years he should practise the dove's rule, go for alms once a day, and proclaim his own deed among the people.
12.163.54
एवं वा तपसा युक्तो ब्रह्महा सवनी भवेत् ।
एवं गर्भमविज्ञातमात्रेयीं वा निपातयेत् ॥ १२.१६३.५४ ॥
Or, endowed with austerity in this way, the slayer of a brahmin should become one who performs the soma rite; and in the same way he should cause the unrecognised embryo to fall.
12.163.55
द्विगुणा ब्रह्महत्या वै आत्रेयीहिंसने भवेत् ।
सुरापी नियताहारो ब्रह्मचारी क्षपाचरः ॥ १२.१६३.५५ ॥
The sin is twofold, that of killing a brahmin, in the killing of an Ātreyī woman. He who drinks liquor, keeps a restricted diet, is celibate, and wanders by night should undertake the vow.
12.163.56
ऊर्ध्वं त्रिभ्योऽपि वर्षेभ्यो यजेताग्निष्टुता परम् ।
ऋषभैकसहस्रं वा गा दत्त्वा शौचमाप्नुयात् ॥ १२.१६३.५६ ॥
Even after three years he should sacrifice with the Agniṣṭuta rite; or, having given a thousand bulls and cows, he should obtain purification.
12.163.57
वैश्यं दत्त्वा तु वर्षे द्वे ऋषभैकशतं च गाः ।
शूद्रं हत्वाऽब्दमेवैकमृषभं च शतं च गाः ॥ १२.१६३.५७ ॥
Having killed a vaiśya, for two years one should give a hundred bulls and cows. Having killed a śūdra, for one year one should give one bull and a hundred cows.
12.163.58
श्ववराहखरान्हत्वा शौद्रमेव व्रतं चरेत् ।
मार्जारचाषमण्डूकान्काकं व्यालं च मूषिकम् ॥ १२.१६३.५८ ॥
Having killed a dog, a boar, or a donkey, one should perform only the śūdra's vow; likewise for a cat, a cāṣa bird, a frog, a crow, a snake, or a mouse.
12.163.59
उक्तः पशुवधे दोषो राजन्प्राणिनिपातनात् ।
अनस्थिकेषु गोमूत्रं पानमेकं प्रचक्षते।
प्रायश्चित्तान्यथान्यानि प्रवक्ष्याम्यनुपूर्वशः ॥ १२.१६३.५९ ॥
O king, the fault of slaying animals and living beings has been declared. For creatures without bones, drinking cow's urine once is said to be the expiation.
12.163.60
तल्पे वाऽन्यस्य चौर्ये च पृथक् संवत्सरं चरेत् ।
त्रीणि श्रोत्रियभार्यायां परदारे च द्वे स्मृते ॥ १२.१६३.६० ॥
For defiling another's bed or for theft, one should perform a vow separately for one year. For a learned brahmin's wife, three years are declared; for another's wife, two years are recorded.
12.163.61
काले चतुर्थे भुञ्जानो ब्रह्मचारी व्रती भवेत् ।
स्थानासनाभ्यां विहरेत्रिरह्नाऽभ्युपयन्नपः ॥ १२.१६३.६१ ॥
At the proper time, eating in the fourth watch, he should be a celibate keeping a vow; he should move about standing and sitting, and approach water three times in the day.
12.163.62
ऐवमेव चरन्राजंस्तस्मात्पापात्प्रमुच्यते ।
एवमेव निराकर्ता यश्चाग्नीनपविध्यति ॥ १२.१६३.६२ ॥
O king, one who practises in just this way is freed from that sin; and so too is one who rejects and abandons the sacred fires.
12.163.63
त्यजत्यकारणे यश्च पितरं मातरं गुरुम् ।
पतितः स्यात्स कौरव्य यथा धर्मेषु निश्चयः ॥ १२.१६३.६३ ॥
He who without cause abandons his father, mother, or teacher, O descendant of Kuru, becomes fallen — such is the settled conclusion regarding dharma.
12.163.64
ग्रासाच्छादनयानं च शयनं ह्यासनं तथा ।
ब्रह्मचारी द्विजेभ्यश्च दत्त्वा पापात्प्रमुच्यते ॥ १२.१६३.६४ ॥
Having given food, clothing, conveyance, bedding and seats to the twice-born, while remaining a celibate, a man is freed from sin.
12.163.65
भार्यायां व्यभिचारिण्यां निरुद्धायां विशेषतः ।
यत्पुंसः परदारेषु तदेनां चारयेद्व्रतम्। ॥ १२.१६३.६५ ॥
When a wife is unfaithful, especially when she has been restrained, the vow of expiation that a man undertakes for his offences with other men's wives should be made her also to perform.
12.163.66
श्रेयांसं शयने हित्वा पापीयांसं समृच्छति ।
श्वभिस्तमर्दयेद्राजा संस्थाने बहुविस्तरे ॥ १२.१६३.६६ ॥
He who, abandoning the better one on the bed, goes to the more sinful, the king should have him torn by dogs in a very wide place.
12.163.67
पुमांसं बन्धयेत्पाशैः शयने तप्त आयसे ।
अप्यादधीत दारूणि तत्र दह्येत पापकृत ॥ १२.१६३.६७ ॥
One should bind the man with nooses and lay him on a bed of heated iron; logs should be placed beneath it, and there the wrongdoer should burn.
12.163.68
एव दण्डो महाराज स्त्रीणां भर्तृव्यतिक्रमे ।
संवत्सारोऽभिशस्तस्य दुष्टस्य द्विगुणो भवेत् ॥ १२.१६३.६८ ॥
Such, great king, is the punishment for women who transgress against their husband; for the accused wicked man, the punishment should be double the year.
12.163.69
द्वे तस्य त्रीणि वर्षाणि चत्वारि सहसेविनः ।
कुमारः पञ्चवर्षाणि चरेद्भैक्षं मुनिव्रतः ॥ १२.१६३.६९ ॥
For the one who lies with a woman by force, the punishment is two, three or four years; a youth should wander for alms for five years, keeping the vow of a sage.
12.163.70
परिवित्तिः परिवेत्ता या चैव परिविद्यते ।
पाणिग्राहस्त्वधर्मेण सर्वे ते पतिताः स्मृताः ॥ १२.१६३.७० ॥
The parivitti, the parivettā, the girl who is given in parivitti, and the one who takes her hand unrighteously — all of them are declared fallen.
12.163.71
चरेयुः सर्व एवैते वीरहा यद्व्रतं चरेत् ।
चान्द्रायणं चरेन्मासं कृच्छ्रं वा पापशुद्धये ॥ १२.१६३.७१ ॥
All of these should perform the vow that the slayer of heroes performs; for the purification from sin they should observe the lunar penance for a month, or the krcchra penance.
12.163.72
परिवेत्ता प्रयच्छेता तां स्नुषां परिवित्तये ।
ज्येष्ठेन त्वभ्यनुज्ञातो यवीयाप्यनन्तरम्।
एनसो मोक्षमाप्नोति तौ च सा चैव धर्मतः ॥ १२.१६३.७२ ॥
The elder brother who married should give that daughter-in-law to the parivitti; with the elder's permission, the younger may then marry her too. He obtains release from sin, and those two, and she as well, are released according to dharma.
12.163.73
अमानुषीषु गोवर्जमनादिष्टं न दुष्यति ।
अधिष्ठातारमत्तारं पशूनां पुरुषं विदुः ॥ १२.१६३.७३ ॥
Among non-human females, except the cow, one who has not been commanded is not defiled; they know the man to be the master and eater of animals.
12.163.74
परिधायोर्ध्ववालं तु पात्रमादाय मृन्मयम् ।
चरेत्सप्तगृहान्भैक्षं स्वकर्म परिकीर्तयन् ॥ १२.१६३.७४ ॥
Wearing the hide with raised tail, taking an earthen vessel, he should wander begging at seven houses, proclaiming his own deed.
12.163.75
तथैव लब्धभोजी स्याद्द्वादशाहात्स शुध्यति ।
चरेत्संवत्सरं चापि तद्व्रतं येन कृन्तति ॥ १२.१६३.७५ ॥
Likewise he should be one who eats what is obtained; after twelve days he becomes pure. And he should observe that vow even for a year, by which he cuts away (the sin).
12.163.76
भवेत्तु मानुषेष्वेवं प्रायश्चिमनुत्तमम् ।
दानं वा दानशक्तेषु सवेर्मतत्प्रकल्पयेत् ॥ १२.१६३.७६ ॥
Among humans such a supreme expiation should exist, or for those able to give, a gift; this opinion should be prescribed for all.
12.163.77
अनास्तिकेषु गोमात्रं दानमेकं प्रचक्षते ।
श्ववराहमनुष्याणां कुक्कुटस्य खरस्य च ॥ १२.१६३.७७ ॥
For the unbelievers, they declare a gift of a cow alone as the one (expiation); likewise regarding dog, boar, man, cock, and ass.
12.163.78
मांसं मूत्रं पुरीषं च प्राश्य संस्कारमर्हति ।
ब्राह्मणस्तु सुरापस्य गन्धमादाय सोमपाः ॥ १२.१६३.७८ ॥
Having eaten flesh, urine, and excrement, he deserves purification; but a brahmin who takes in the smell of one who drinks liquor, the soma-drinkers (take on the smell of liquor).
12.163.79
अपख्यहं पिबेदुष्णाः संयतात्मा जितेन्द्रियः ।
अपः पीत्वा तु स पुनर्वायुभक्षो भवेन्त्र्यहम् ॥ १२.१६३.७९ ॥
The one who has restrained his self and conquered his senses should drink hot water. Having drunk the water, he should then live on air alone for three days.
12.163.80
एवमेतत्समुद्दिष्टं प्रायश्चित्तिषेवणम् ।
ब्राह्मणस्य विशेषेण यदज्ञानेन जायते ॥ १२.१६३.८० ॥
Thus has the practice of expiation been declared, especially for a brahmin, for the fault that arises through ignorance.