Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.166
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12.166.1
पितामह महाप्राज्ञ कुरूणां प्रीतिवर्धन ।
प्रश्नं कंचित्प्रवक्ष्यामि तन्मे व्याख्यातुमर्हसि ॥ १२.१६६.१ ॥
Grandfather, great-minded one, increaser of the Kurus' delight! I will ask you a question; it is fitting that you explain it to me.
12.166.2
कीदृशा मानवाः सेव्याः कै प्रीति परमा भवेत् ।
आयत्यां च तदात्वे च के क्षमास्तान्वदस्व मे ॥ १२.१६६.२ ॥
What kind of men should one serve, and by what is supreme affection produced? Who are capable of helping, both in the future and in the present? Tell me of them.
12.166.3
न हि तत्र धनं स्फीतं न च संबन्धिबान्धवाः ।
तिष्ठन्ति यत्र सुहृदस्तिष्ठन्तीति मतिर्मम ॥ १२.१६६.३ ॥
Where there is no abundant wealth, and relatives and kinsmen do not remain, there friends do remain — such is my view.
12.166.4
दुर्लभो हि सुहृच्छ्रोता दुर्लभश्च हितः सुहृत् ।
एतद्धर्मभृतां श्रेष्ठ सर्वं व्याख्यातुमर्हसि ॥ १२.१६६.४ ॥
Rare is the friend who listens, and rare too is the friend who truly benefits. Best of those who uphold dharma, it is fitting that you explain all of this.
12.166.5
सन्धेयान्पुरुषान्राजन्नसन्धेयांश्च तत्त्वतः ।
वदतो मे निबोध त्वं निखिलेन युधिष्ठिर ॥ १२.१६६.५ ॥
O king, I will tell you truly of men who are to be trusted and of men who are not; Yudhiṣṭhira, understand fully what I say.
12.166.6
लुब्धः क्रूरस्त्यक्तधर्मा निकृतिः शठ एव च ।
क्षुद्रः पापसमाचारः सर्वशङ्की तथाऽलसः ॥ १२.१६६.६ ॥
The greedy, the cruel, one who has abandoned dharma, the deceiver, the treacherous, the mean, the wicked in conduct, the suspicious of all, and the lazy — these are not to be trusted.
12.166.7
दीर्घसूत्रोऽनृजुः क्रुष्टो गुरुदारप्रधर्पकः ।
व्यसने यः परित्यागी दुरात्मा निरपत्रपः ॥ १२.१६६.७ ॥
He who delays, is crooked and harsh, violates the wife of his teacher, abandons others in calamity, is wicked of soul and shameless—
12.166.8
सर्वतः पापदर्शी च नास्तिको वेदनिन्दकः ।
संप्रकीर्णेन्दियो लोके यः कालनिरतश्चरेत् ॥ १२.१६६.८ ॥
He who sees sin everywhere, is a denier, a reviler of the Vedas, whose senses are scattered, and who in the world conducts himself devoted to time-serving ends—
12.166.9
असभ्यो लोकविद्विष्टः समये चानवस्थितः ।
पिशुनोऽथाकृतप्रज्ञो मत्सरी पापनिश्चयः ॥ १२.१६६.९ ॥
He who is uncivilized, hated by people, unsteady in agreements, a slanderer, lacking understanding, envious, and resolved upon evil—
12.166.10
दुःशीलोऽथाकृतात्मा च नृशंसः कितवस्तथा ।
मित्रैरपकृतिर्नित्यमटतेऽर्थं धनेप्सया ॥ १२.१६६.१० ॥
He who is of bad conduct, unrefined in soul, cruel, and a gambler; who constantly wrongs his friends and wanders in pursuit of wealth out of desire for riches—
12.166.11
ददतश्च यथाशक्ति यो न तुष्यति मन्दधीः ।
अधैर्यमपि यो युङ्क्ते सदा मित्रं नराधमः ॥ १२.१६६.११ ॥
He who is not content even with one who gives according to his ability is dull-witted; he who always treats a friend with impatience is the lowest of men—
12.166.12
अस्थानक्रोधनो यश्च अकस्माच्च विरज्यते ।
सुहृदश्चैव कल्याणानाशु त्यजति किल्बिपी ॥ १२.१६६.१२ ॥
He who is angry without cause and suddenly grows estranged, that sinner quickly abandons even good friends—
12.166.13
अल्पेऽप्यपकृते मूढे न संस्मरनि यत्कृतम् ।
कार्यसेवी च मित्रेषु मित्रद्वेषी नराधिप। ॥ १२.१६६.१३ ॥
O lord of men, even for a small wrong fools do not remember the kindness done to them; they serve friends only for their own ends and are hostile to friends.
12.166.14
शत्रुर्मित्रमुखो यश्च जिह्नप्रेक्षी विलोचनः ।
न तुष्यति च कल्याणे यम्त्यजेत्तादृशं नरम् ॥ १२.१६६.१४ ॥
One should abandon a man of that kind: an enemy wearing a friend's face, who looks with crooked glances from his eyes, and who is not pleased by good done to him.
12.166.15
पानपो द्वेषणः क्रोधी निर्घृणः परुपस्तथा ।
परोपतापी मित्रध्रुक् तथा प्राणिवधे रतः ॥ १२.१६६.१५ ॥
The drinker, the hater, the angry man, the merciless, the harsh, the one who torments others, the betrayer of friends, and the one who delights in the killing of living beings —
12.166.16
कृतघ्नश्चाधमो लोके न सन्धेयः कथंचन ।
मित्रद्वेषी ह्यसंधेयः सन्धेयानपि मे शृणु ॥ १२.१६६.१६ ॥
One must never make an alliance, in any way, with an ungrateful and base man in this world; nor with one who hates friends. Now hear about those with whom an alliance may be made.
12.166.17
कुलीना वाक्यसंपन्ना ज्ञानविज्ञानकोविदाः ।
रूपवन्तो गुणोपेतास्तथाऽलुब्धा जितश्रमाः ॥ १२.१६६.१७ ॥
Men of noble birth, accomplished in speech, skilled in knowledge and understanding, handsome, endowed with virtues, free from greed, and having conquered fatigue:
12.166.18
सन्मित्राश्च कृतज्ञाश्च सर्वज्ञा लोभवर्जिताः ।
माधुर्यगुणसंपन्नाः सत्यसन्धा जितेन्द्रियाः ॥ १२.१६६.१८ ॥
Good friends, grateful, all-knowing, free from greed, endowed with the quality of sweetness, true to their word, and self-controlled:
12.166.19
व्यायामशीलाः सततं भृत्यपुत्राः कुलोद्वहाः ।
दोषैः प्रमुक्ताः प्रथितास्ते ग्राह्याः पार्थिवैर्नराः ॥ १२.१६६.१९ ॥
Men who are always diligent, like servants and sons, bearers up of the family, free from faults and renowned — such men should be taken into service by kings.
12.166.20
यथाशक्ति समाचाराः संप्रतुष्यन्ति हि प्रभो ।
नास्थाने क्रोधवन्तश्च न चाकस्माद्विरागिणः ॥ १२.१६६.२० ॥
O lord, those of good conduct are content according to their ability; they do not grow angry without cause, nor become suddenly indifferent.
12.166.21
विरक्ताश्च न दुष्यन्ति मनसाऽप्यर्थकोविदाः ।
आत्मानं पीडयित्वाऽपि सुहृत्कार्यपरायणाः।
विरज्यन्ति न मित्रेभ्यो वासो रक्तमिवाविकम् ॥ १२.१६६.२१ ॥
Those skilled in affairs, though estranged, are not corrupted in mind; even when they afflict themselves, they remain devoted to a friend's business, and they do not turn away from friends, as a woollen cloth dyed red does not lose its colour.
12.166.22
दोषांश्च लोभमोहादीनर्थेषु युवतीपु च ।
न दर्शयन्ति सुहृदो विश्वस्ता बन्धुवत्सलाः ॥ १२.१६६.२२ ॥
Trusted friends who are affectionate as kin do not display faults such as greed and infatuation in matters of wealth or in regard to young women.
12.166.23
लोष्टकाञ्चनतुल्यार्थाः सुहृत्सु दृढबुद्धयः ।
ये चरन्त्यनभीमाना निसृष्टार्थविभूषणाः।
संगृह्णन्तः परिजनं स्वाम्यर्थपरमाः सदा ॥ १२.१६६.२३ ॥
Those who regard a clod of earth and gold as equal, who are firm-minded among friends, who move about free of pride, who give away wealth as their ornament, who embrace their household, and who are always intent on their master's good.
12.166.24
ईदृशैः पुरुषश्रेष्ठैर्यः सन्धिं कुरुते नृपः ।
तस्य विस्तीर्यते राज्यं ज्योत्स्ना ग्रहपतेरिव ॥ १२.१६६.२४ ॥
The kingdom of the king who makes an alliance with such best of men spreads out like the moonlight of the lord of planets.
12.166.25
सत्ववन्तो जितक्रोधा बलवन्तो रणे सदा ।
जन्मशीलगुणोपेताः सन्धेयाः पुरुषोत्तमाः। ॥ १२.१६६.२५ ॥
One should make alliance with the best of men: steadfast, having conquered anger, always strong in battle, endowed with noble birth, character and virtues.
12.166.26
ये च दोपसमायुक्ता नराः प्रोक्ता मयाऽन ।
तेषामप्यधमा राजन्कृतघ्ना मित्रघातकाः।
त्यक्तव्यास्तु दुराचाराः सर्वेषामिति निश्चयः। ॥ १२.१६६.२६ ॥
And among those men full of faults that I have described here, O king, the lowest are the ungrateful and the betrayers of friends. The wicked of conduct must be abandoned by all; this is the certain conclusion.