Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.173
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12.173.1
धर्माः पितामहेनोक्ता राजधर्माश्रिताः शुभाः ।
धर्ममाश्रमिणां श्रेष्ठं वक्तुमर्हसि सत्तम ॥ १२.१७३.१ ॥
The grandsire has declared the auspicious duties relating to kingship. O best of the good, you ought now to speak of the supreme duty of those who dwell in the stages of life.
12.173.2
सर्वत्र विहितो धर्मः स्वर्ग्यः सत्यफलोदयः ।
बहुद्वारस्य धर्मस्य नेहास्ति विफला क्रिया ॥ १२.१७३.२ ॥
Dharma is prescribed everywhere; it leads to heaven, and its fruit rises as truth. In dharma that has many gates, no action is fruitless.
12.173.3
यस्मिन्यस्मिंस्तु विषये योयो याति विनिश्चयम् ।
स तमेवाभिजानाति नान्यं भरतसत्तम् ॥ १२.१७३.३ ॥
In whatever domain a man arrives at a conviction, he knows that alone and not another, O best of the Bharatas.
12.173.4
यथायथा च पर्येति लोकतन्त्रमसारवत् ।
तथातथा विरागोऽत्र जायते नात्र संशयः ॥ १२.१७३.४ ॥
The more the order of the world turns about, like something without essence, the more detachment arises in it; of this there is no doubt.
12.173.5
एवं व्यवसिते लोके बहुदोषे युधिष्ठिर ।
आत्ममोक्षनिमित्तं वै यतेत मतिमान्नरः ॥ १२.१७३.५ ॥
Thus, O Yudhiṣṭhira, when the world is settled as full of many faults, a wise man should strive for his own liberation.
12.173.6
नष्टे धने वा दारे वा पुत्रे पितरि वा मृते ।
यया बुद्ध्या नुदेच्छोक तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥ १२.१७३.६ ॥
When wealth is lost, or a wife, a son, or a father has died, tell me, O grandsire, by what understanding a man may drive away grief.
12.173.7
नष्टे धने वा दारे वा पुत्रे पितरि वा मृते ।
अहोदुःखमिति ध्यायञ्शोकस्यापचितिं चरेत् ॥ १२.१७३.७ ॥
When wealth, a wife, a son or a father is lost or dead, one should reflect, 'Alas, what suffering!' and so lessen one's grief.
12.173.8
अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममिहासं पुरातनम् ।
यथा सेनजितं विप्रः कश्चिदेत्याब्रवीत्सुहृत् ॥ १२.१७३.८ ॥
Here too people recount this ancient tale of how a certain brahmin, as a friend, approached Senajit and spoke.
12.173.9
पुत्रशोकाभिसंतप्तं राजानं शोकविह्वलम् ।
विषण्णमनसं दृष्ट्वा विप्रो वचनमब्रवीत् ॥ १२.१७३.९ ॥
Seeing the king, tormented by grief for his son, overwhelmed with sorrow, his mind dejected, the brahmin spoke these words.
12.173.10
किंनु मुह्यसि मूढस्त्वं शोच्यः किमनु शोचसि ।
यदा त्वामपि शोचंतः शोच्या यास्यन्ति तां गातिम् ॥ १२.१७३.१० ॥
Why are you bewildered, foolish one? Why do you grieve for what is to be grieved for? When those who grieve for you too shall go to that same mournful end.
12.173.11
त्वं चैवाहं च ये चान्ये त्वां राजन्पर्युपासते ।
सर्वे तत्र गमिष्यामो यत एवागता वयम् ॥ १२.१७३.११ ॥
You and I, and the others who attend upon you, O king, we shall all go to the place from which we came.
12.173.12
का बुद्धिः किं तपो विप्र कः समाधिस्तपोधन ।
किं ज्ञानं किं श्रुतं वा ते यत्प्राप्य न विषीदसि ॥ १२.१७३.१२ ॥
What is your intellect, what is your asceticism, O brahmin, O treasure of austerity? What is your concentration, what is your knowledge, or what learning is it that, having attained it, you do not despair?
12.173.13
हृष्यन्तमवसीदन्तं सुखदुःखविपर्यये ।
आत्मानमनुशोचामि यो ममैष हृदि स्थितः ॥ १२.१७३.१३ ॥
Grieving for the self that rejoices and sinks as pleasure and pain turn, the self that dwells in my heart, I mourn.
12.173.14
पश्य भूतानि दुःखेन व्यतिषिक्तानि सर्वशः ।
उत्तमाधममध्यानि तेषु तेष्विह कर्मसु ॥ १२.१७३.१४ ॥
See how all beings, high, low and middling, are wholly bound up with suffering, engaged in their various actions here.
12.173.15
आत्माऽपि चायं न मम सर्वा वा पृथिवी मम ।
यथा मम तथाऽन्येषामिति मत्वा न मे व्यथा।
एतां बुद्धिमहं प्राप्य न प्रहृष्ये न च व्यथे ॥ १२.१७३.१५ ॥
This self is not mine, nor is all the earth mine. Thinking that as it is for me, so it is for others, I feel no pain. Having attained this understanding, I neither rejoice nor grieve.
12.173.16
यथा काष्ठं च काष्ठं च समेयातां महोदधौ ।
समेत्य च व्यपेयातां तद्वद्भूतसमागमः ॥ १२.१७३.१६ ॥
As two logs drift together in the great ocean, meet, and then part again, so is the meeting of beings.
12.173.17
एवं पुत्राश्च पौत्राश्च ज्ञातयो बान्धवास्तथा ।
तेषु स्नेहो न कर्तव्यो विप्रयोगो ध्रुवो हि तैः ॥ १२.१७३.१७ ॥
So too are sons, grandsons, kinsmen and relatives. Affection should not be placed on them, for separation from them is certain.
12.173.18
अदर्शनादापतितः पुनश्चादर्शनं गतः ।
न त्वाऽसौ वेद न त्वंतं कस्मात्त्वमनुशोचसि ॥ १२.१७३.१८ ॥
Coming from the unseen, he returns again to the unseen. He does not know you, nor do you know his end; why, then, do you grieve?
12.173.19
सुखान्तप्रभवं दुःखं दुःखान्तप्रभवं सुखम् ।
सुखात्संजायते दुःखं दुःखात्संजायते सुखम् ॥ १२.१७३.१९ ॥
Suffering arises from the end of happiness, and happiness arises from the end of suffering. From happiness suffering is born, and from suffering happiness is born.
12.173.20
सुखस्यानन्तरं दुःखं दुःखस्यानन्तरं सुखम् ।
सुखदुःखे मनुष्याणां चक्रवत्परिवर्ततः ॥ १२.१७३.२० ॥
Suffering follows immediately after happiness, and happiness follows immediately after suffering. The happiness and suffering of human beings turn around like a wheel.
12.173.21
सुखात्त्वं दुःखमापन्नः पुनरापत्स्यसे सुखम् ।
न नित्यं लभते दुःखं न नित्यं लभते सुखम् ॥ १२.१७३.२१ ॥
You have fallen from happiness into suffering, and again you will attain happiness. A person does not always obtain suffering, and does not always obtain happiness.
12.173.22
शरीरमेवायतनं सुखस्य ।
दुःखस्य चाप्यायतनं शरीरम्।
यद्यच्छरीरेण करोति कर्म ।
तेनैव देही समुपाश्नुते तत् ॥ १२.१७३.२२ ॥
The body alone is the seat of happiness, and the body is also the seat of suffering. Whatever action one performs through the body, the embodied soul experiences its fruit through that very body.
12.173.23
जीवितं च शरीरेण तेनैव सह जायते ।
उभे सह विवर्तेते उभे सह विनश्यतः ॥ १२.१७३.२३ ॥
Life is born together with the body, along with it. Both turn around together, and both perish together.
12.173.24
स्नेहपाशैर्बहुविधैराविष्टविषया जनाः ।
अकृतार्थाश्च सीदन्ते जलैः सैकतसेतवः ॥ १२.१७३.२४ ॥
People, seized by their objects of sense and bound by many kinds of nooses of affection, languish with their aims unaccomplished, as sand-dams are washed away by water.
12.173.25
स्नेहेन तैलवत्सर्वं सर्गचक्रे निपीड्यते ।
तिलपीडैरिवाक्रम्य क्लेशैरज्ञानसंभवैः ॥ १२.१७३.२५ ॥
By affection, everything is squeezed like oil in the wheel of creation, pressed down as in sesame presses by afflictions born of ignorance.
12.173.26
संचिनोत्यशुभं कर्म कलत्रापेक्षया नरः ।
एकः क्लेशानवाप्नोति परत्रेह च मानवः ॥ १२.१७३.२६ ॥
A man accumulates inauspicious deeds out of regard for his wife, and alone he obtains afflictions both in this world and the next.
12.173.27
पुत्रदारकुटुम्बेषु प्रसक्ताः सर्वमानवाः ।
शोकपङ्कार्णवे मग्ना जीर्णा वनगजा इव ॥ १२.१७३.२७ ॥
All men, attached to sons, wives and household, are sunk in the ocean of grief-mud like old forest elephants.
12.173.28
पुत्रनाशे वित्तनाशे ज्ञातिसंबन्धिनामपि ।
प्राप्यते सुमहद्दुःखं दावाग्निप्रतिमं विभो।
दैवायत्तमिदं सर्वं सुखदुःखे भवाभवौ ॥ १२.१७३.२८ ॥
In the loss of a son, in the loss of wealth, and even in the loss of kinsmen and relatives, very great suffering, like a forest fire, is obtained. O mighty one, all this is subject to fate: pleasure and pain, existence and non-existence.
12.173.29
असुहृत्ससुहृच्चापि सशत्रुर्मित्रवानपि ।
सप्रज्ञः प्रज्ञया हीनो दैवेन लभते सुखम् ॥ १२.१७३.२९ ॥
Whether friendless or having friends, with an enemy or with companions, wise or lacking wisdom, a man obtains happiness only through fate.
12.173.30
नालं सुखाय सुहृदो नालं दुःखाय दुर्हृदः ।
न च प्रज्ञाऽलमर्थानां न सुखानामलं धनम् ॥ १२.१७३.३० ॥
Good friends are not enough for happiness, nor ill-wishing ones enough for suffering; wisdom is not enough for attaining aims, nor is wealth enough for pleasures.
12.173.31
न बुद्धिर्धनलाभाय न मौढ्यमसमृद्ध्ये ।
लोकपर्यायवृत्तान्तं प्राज्ञो जानाति नेतरः ॥ १२.१७३.३१ ॥
Wisdom does not bring wealth, nor does foolishness bring poverty. Only the wise man knows the history of the turns of the world; the other does not.
12.173.32
बुद्धिमन्तं च शूरं च मूढं भीरुं जडं कविम् ।
दुर्बलं बलवन्तं च भागिनं भजते सुखम् ॥ १२.१७३.३२ ॥
Both the intelligent and the brave, the foolish and the timid, the dull and the poet, the weak and the strong—it is the one who has a share of fortune whom happiness serves.
12.173.33
धेनुर्वत्सस्य गोपस्य स्वामिनस्तस्करस्य च ।
पयः पिबति यस्तस्या धेनुस्तस्येति निश्चयः ॥ १२.१७३.३३ ॥
The cow belongs to the calf, to the cowherd, to the owner, and to the thief too; whoever drinks her milk, the cow is his—this is the conclusion.
12.173.34
ये च मूढतमा लोके ये च बुद्धेः परं गताः ।
ते नराः सुखमेधन्ते क्लिश्यत्यन्तरितो जनः ॥ १२.१७३.३४ ॥
Those in the world who are utterly foolish, and those who have gone beyond intellect—those men thrive in happiness, while the person caught in between suffers.
12.173.35
अन्तेषु रेमिरे धीरा न ते मध्येषु रेमिरे ।
अन्तप्राप्तिं सुखं प्राहुर्दुःखमन्तरमन्तयोः ॥ १२.१७३.३५ ॥
The steadfast delight in the extremes, not in the middle. They call reaching the end happiness; the interval between the two ends is suffering.
12.173.36
सुखं स्वपिति दुर्मेधाः स्वानि कर्माण्यचिन्तयन् ।
अविज्ञानेन महता कम्बलेनेव संवृतः ॥ १२.१७३.३६ ॥
The dull-witted man sleeps happily, not thinking about his own deeds, as though wrapped in the great blanket of ignorance.
12.173.37
ये च बुद्धिं परां प्राप्ता द्वन्द्वातीता विमत्सराः ।
तान्नैवार्था न चानर्था व्यथयन्ति कदाचन ॥ १२.१७३.३७ ॥
Those who have attained supreme wisdom, who have gone beyond the pairs of opposites and are free from envy, are never disturbed by gain or by loss.
12.173.38
अथ ये बुद्धिमप्राप्ता व्यतिक्रान्ताश्च मूढताम् ।
तेऽतिवेलं प्रहृष्यन्ति संतापमुपयान्ति च ॥ १२.१७३.३८ ॥
But those who have not attained wisdom and have fallen into folly rejoice excessively, and they also fall into anguish.
12.173.39
नित्यं प्रमुदिता मूढा दिवि देवगणा इव ।
अवलेपेन महता परितृप्ता विचेतसः ॥ १२.१७३.३९ ॥
The deluded are always delighted, like the hosts of gods in heaven; fully satisfied through great conceit, they become confused in mind.
12.173.40
सुखं दुःखान्तमालस्यं दुःखं दाक्ष्यं सुखोदयम् ।
भूतिश्चैव श्रिया सार्धं दक्षे वसति नालसे ॥ १२.१७३.४० ॥
Happiness that comes from idleness ends in sorrow, while sorrow that comes from diligence leads to the rising of happiness; prosperity dwells, together with fortune, in the diligent, not in the idle.
12.173.41
सुखं वा यदि वा दुःखं प्रियं वा यदि वाऽप्रियम् ।
प्राप्तं प्राप्तमुपासीत हृदयेनापराजितः ॥ १२.१७३.४१ ॥
Whether it be happiness or sorrow, pleasant or unpleasant, one should face whatever comes, unconquered in the heart.
12.173.42
शोकस्थानसहस्राणि भयस्थानशतानि च ।
दिवसेदिवसे मूढमाविशन्ति न पण्डितम् ॥ १२.१७३.४२ ॥
Thousands of places of sorrow and hundreds of places of fear enter the fool day after day, but not the wise man.
12.173.43
बुद्धिमन्तं कृतप्रज्ञं शुश्रूषुमनहंकृतम् ।
शान्तं जितेन्द्रियं चापि शोको न स्पृशते नरम् ॥ १२.१७३.४३ ॥
The intelligent man of matured wisdom, eager to listen, free from pride, calm and self-controlled — grief does not touch such a man.
12.173.44
एतां बुद्धिं समास्थाय शुद्धचित्तश्चरेद्बुधः ।
शुक्लकृष्णगतिज्ञं तं देवासुरविनिर्गमम्।
उदयास्तमयज्ञं हि न शोकः स्प्रष्टुमर्हति ॥ १२.१७३.४४ ॥
Having taken up this understanding, the wise man should live with a purified mind. Grief cannot touch one who knows the paths of white and dark, the emergence of gods and demons, and rising and setting.
12.173.45
यन्निमत्तो भवेच्छोकस्रासो वा क्रोध एव वा ।
आयासो वा यतो मूलं तदेकाङ्गमपि त्यजेत् ॥ १२.१७३.४५ ॥
Whatever is the cause from which grief, fear, anger, or strain arises, one should give up even a single part of its root.
12.173.46
यद्यत्त्यजति कामनां तत्सुखस्याभिपूर्यते ।
कामानुसारी पुरुषः कामाननुविनश्यति ॥ १२.१७३.४६ ॥
Whatever desire a man gives up, by that his happiness is fulfilled. The man who follows his desires is destroyed along with them.
12.173.47
यच्च कामसुखं लोके यच्च दिव्यं महत्सुखम् ।
तृष्णाक्षयसुखस्यैते नार्हतः षोडशीं कलाम् ॥ १२.१७३.४७ ॥
Whatever pleasure of desire there is in the world, and whatever great divine happiness there is, they are not worth even the sixteenth part of the happiness of the extinction of craving.
12.173.48
पूर्वदेहकृतं कर्म शुभं वा यदि वाऽशुभम् ।
प्राज्ञं मूढं तथा शूरं भजते तादृशं नरम् ॥ १२.१७३.४८ ॥
Action done in a former body, whether good or bad, resorts to such a man, whether he be wise, foolish or brave.
12.173.49
एवमव किलैतानि प्रियाण्येवाप्रियाणि च ।
जीवेषु परिवर्तन्ते दुःखानि च सुखानि च ॥ १२.१७३.४९ ॥
Thus indeed these pleasant and unpleasant things, sorrows and joys, turn about among living beings.
12.173.50
एतां बुद्धिं समास्थाय नावसीदेद्गुणान्वितः ।
सर्वान्कामाञ्जुगुप्सेन कोपं कुर्वीत पृष्ठतः ॥ १२.१७३.५० ॥
Having firmly taken up this understanding, the virtuous man should not despair; he should loathe all desires and leave anger behind him.
12.173.51
वृत्त एव हृदि प्रौढो मृत्युरेप मनोभवः ।
क्रोधो नाम शरीरस्थो देहिनां प्रोच्यते बुधैः ॥ १२.१७३.५१ ॥
This death, mature in the heart through the very workings of the mind, born of the mind, dwelling in the body, is called anger, say the wise of embodied beings.
12.173.52
यदा संहरते कामान्कूर्मोऽङ्गानीव सर्वशः ।
तदात्मज्योतिरात्मश्रीरात्मन्येव प्रसीदति ॥ १२.१७३.५२ ॥
When one withdraws all desires entirely, as a tortoise draws in its limbs, then the light of the self and the glory of the self grow serene within the self alone.
12.173.53
किंचिदेव ममत्वेन यदा भवति कल्पितम् ।
तदेव परितापाय नाशे संपद्यते तदा ॥ १२.१७३.५३ ॥
When something is imagined through the feeling of 'mine,' that very thing becomes a source of torment; and when it perishes, it is that very thing which then comes to pass.
12.173.54
न बिभेति यदा चायं यदा चास्मान्न विभ्यति ।
यदा नेच्छति न द्वेष्टि ब्रह्म संपद्यते तदा ॥ १२.१७३.५४ ॥
When one fears no one, and no one fears him, when one neither desires nor hates, then Brahman is attained.
12.173.55
उभे सत्यानृते त्यक्त्वा शोकानन्दौ भयाभये ।
प्रियाप्रिये परित्यज्य प्रशान्तात्मा भविष्यति ॥ १२.१७३.५५ ॥
Having abandoned both truth and untruth, grief and joy, fear and fearlessness, the pleasant and the unpleasant, he will become one whose self is tranquil.
12.173.56
यदा न कुरुते धीरः सर्वभूतेषु पापकम् ।
कर्मणा मनसा वाचा ब्रह्म संपद्यते तदा ॥ १२.१७३.५६ ॥
When the steadfast one does no evil toward any being, in deed, mind or speech, then he attains Brahman.
12.173.57
या दुस्त्यजा दुर्मतिभिर्या न जीर्यति जीर्यतः ।
योसौ प्राणान्तिको रोगस्तां तृष्णां त्यजतः सुखं ॥ १२.१७३.५७ ॥
That craving, hard for fools to abandon, which does not grow old even when one grows old, which is the disease deadly to life — for one who gives up that craving there is happiness.
12.173.58
अत्र पिङ्गलया गीता गाथा शृणु नराधिप ।
यथा सा कृच्छ्रकालेऽपि लेभे शर्म सनातनम् ॥ १२.१७३.५८ ॥
Listen, lord of men, to the verse sung here by Piṅgalā, by which she attained eternal peace even in a time of distress.
12.173.59
संकेते पिङ्गला वेश्या कान्तेनासीद्विनाकृता ।
अथ कृच्छ्रगता शान्तां बुद्धिमास्थापयत्तदा ॥ १२.१७३.५९ ॥
At the rendezvous, the courtesan Piṅgalā was left without her lover. Then, fallen into distress, she fixed her mind on peace.
12.173.60
उन्मत्ताऽहमनुन्मत्तं कान्तमन्ववसं चिरम् ।
अन्तिके रमणं सन्तं नैनमध्यगमं पुरा ॥ १२.१७३.६० ॥
I was mad, and for a long time I clung to a lover who was not mad. The delightful lover who was near, I had not found before.
12.173.61
एकस्थूणं नवद्वारमपिधास्याम्यगारकम् ।
का ह्यकान्तमिहायान्तं कान्त इत्यभिमंस्यते ॥ १२.१७३.६१ ॥
I shall close this house with its single pillar and nine gates. What woman would take a non-beloved who comes here for her beloved?
12.173.62
अकामाः कामरूपेण धूर्ताश्च नररूपिणः ।
न पुनर्वञ्चयिष्यन्ति प्रतिबुद्धाऽस्मि जागृमि ॥ १२.१७३.६२ ॥
Though free of desire, the rogues who take the form of desire and wear human shape will not deceive me again. I am awakened; I am awake.
12.173.63
अनर्थोऽपि भवत्यर्थो दैवात्पूर्वकृतेन वा ।
संबुद्धाऽहं निराकारा नाहमद्याजितेन्द्रिया ॥ १२.१७३.६३ ॥
Even misfortune becomes gain, by fate or by what was done before. I am fully awakened and without form; today I am not one whose senses are unrestrained.
12.173.64
सुखं निराशः स्वपिति नैराश्यं परमं सुखम् ।
आशामनाशां कृत्वा हि सुखं स्वपिति पिङ्गला ॥ १२.१७३.६४ ॥
The one free of hope sleeps happily; freedom from hope is the highest happiness. Having made hope into no-hope, Piṅgalā, one sleeps in happiness.
12.173.65
एतैश्चान्यैश्च विप्रस्य हेतुमद्भिः प्रभाषितैः ।
पर्यवस्थापितो राजा सेनजिन्मुमुदे सुखम् ॥ १२.१७३.६५ ॥
By these and other reasoned words spoken by the brahmin, King Senajit was restored and rejoiced in happiness.