Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.194
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12.194.1
चातुरात्रस्यनुक्तं ते राजधर्मास्तथैव च ।
नानाश्रयाश्च भगवन्नितिहासाः पृथग्विधाः ॥ १२.१९४.१ ॥
Revered one, you have not yet told of the four-night rite and the duties of kings, nor of the many kinds of legends drawn from various sources.
12.194.2
श्रुतास्त्वत्तः कथाश्चैव धर्मयुक्ता महामते ।
संदेहोऽस्ति तु कश्चिन्मे तद्भवान्वक्तुमर्हति ॥ १२.१९४.२ ॥
Greatly wise one, I have heard from you stories full of dharma; but a certain doubt is in me, and you alone are fit to resolve it.
12.194.3
जापकानां फलावाप्तिं श्रोतुमिच्छामि भारत ।
किं फलं जपतामुक्तं क्व वा तिष्ठन्ति जापकाः ॥ १२.१९४.३ ॥
O Bhārata, I wish to hear the fruit attained by those who recite japa. What fruit has been declared for those who recite, and where do the reciters dwell?
12.194.4
जपस्य च विधिं कृत्स्नं वक्तुमर्हसि सेऽनघ ।
जापका इति किंचैतत्साङ्ख्ययोगक्रियाविधिः ॥ १२.१९४.४ ॥
O sinless one, you ought to tell me the complete method of japa. What are these 'reciters'? Is this the ritual method of sāṅkhya and yoga?
12.194.5
किं यज्ञविधिरेवैष किमेतज्जप्यमुच्यते ।
एतन्मे सर्वमाचक्ष्व सर्वज्ञो ह्यसि मे मतः ॥ १२.१९४.५ ॥
Is this merely a sacrificial rite, or is it called recitation? Explain all this to me, for in my view you are all-knowing.
12.194.6
अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
यमस्य यत्पुरा वृत्तं कालस्य ब्राह्मणस्य च ॥ १२.१९४.६ ॥
Here too people cite this ancient legend of what happened long ago to Yama, to Kāla, and to a brāhmaṇa.
12.194.7
इक्ष्वाकोश्चैव मृत्योश्च विवादे धर्मकारणात् ।
संन्यास एव वेदान्ते वर्तते जपनं प्रति।
वेदवादाङ्गनिर्वृत्ताः शान्ता ब्रह्मण्यवस्थिताः ॥ १२.१९४.७ ॥
In the dispute between Ikṣvāku and Death over dharma, renunciation alone stands in the Vedānta concerning recitation. Accomplished in the limbs of the Vedic doctrine, they are calm and established in Brahman.
12.194.8
साङ्ख्ययोगौ तु यावुक्तौ मुनिभिः समदर्शिभिः ।
मार्गौ तावप्युभावेतौ संश्रितौ न च संश्रितौ ॥ १२.१९४.८ ॥
The two paths of Sāṅkhya and Yoga, which the sages who see all alike have declared — these two paths are both resorted to and not resorted to.
12.194.9
यथा संश्रूयते राजन्कारणं चात्र वक्ष्यते ।
क्रमेण चैव विहितो जपयज्ञविधिर्नृप ॥ १२.१९४.९ ॥
O king, as it is heard, the reason for this will be told here. O lord of men, the rule of the recitation-sacrifice has been prescribed in due order.
12.194.10
सालम्बनमिति ज्ञेयं जपयज्ञात्मकं शुभम् ।
मनः समाधिरेवात्र तथेन्द्रियजयः स्मृतः ॥ १२.१९४.१० ॥
It should be known as having a support, auspicious, in the form of the recitation-sacrifice. Here, concentration of the mind is indeed the means, and likewise conquest of the senses is remembered.
12.194.11
सत्यमग्निपरीचारो विविक्तानां च सेवनम् ।
ध्यानं तपो दमः क्षान्तिरनसूया मिताशनम् ॥ १२.१९४.११ ॥
Truth, service of the sacred fire, attendance upon those who dwell in seclusion, meditation, austerity, self-restraint, patience, freedom from envy, and moderate eating.
12.194.12
विषयप्रतिसंहारो मितजल्पस्तथा शमः ।
एष प्रवर्तको धर्मो निवर्तकमथो शृणु ॥ १२.१९४.१२ ॥
Withdrawal from sense-objects, measured speech, and likewise tranquility — this is the dharma that sets forth. Now hear the dharma that turns back.
12.194.13
यथा निवर्तते धर्मो जपतो ब्रह्मचारिणः ।
न जपो न च वै ध्यानं नेच्छा न द्वेषहर्षणौ।
युज्यते नृपशार्दूल सुसंवेद्यं हि तत्किल ॥ १२.१९४.१३ ॥
As the duty of the celibate student who recites is withdrawn, there is no recitation, no meditation, no desire, no aversion or delight; tiger among kings, it is easily understood.
12.194.14
जपमावर्तयन्नित्यं जपन्वै ब्रह्मचारिकम् ।
तदर्थबुद्ध्या संयाति मनसा जापकः परम् ॥ १२.१९४.१४ ॥
Constantly repeating the recitation, reciting as a celibate student does, with the intellect fixed on its meaning, the reciter attains the supreme by the mind.
12.194.15
यथा संश्रूयते जापो येन वै जापको भवेत् ।
संहिताप्रणवेनैव सावित्री च परा मता ॥ १२.१९४.१५ ॥
As the japa is heard, and by which one becomes a reciter, by the Saṃhitā and the praṇava alone, and the Sāvitrī is held to be supreme.
12.194.16
यदन्यदुचितं शुद्धं वेदस्मृत्युपपादितम् ।
एतत्सर्वमशेषेण यथोक्तं परिवर्तयेत् ॥ १२.१९४.१६ ॥
Whatever else is fitting and pure, established by the Veda and the smṛti, all of this without remainder, as stated, one should repeat in turn.
12.194.17
द्विविदं मार्गमासाद्य व्यक्ताव्यक्तमनामयम् ।
कुशोच्चयनिषष्णः सन्कुशहस्तः कुशैः शिख।
कुशैः परिवृतस्तस्मिन्मध्ये छन्नः कुशैस्तथा ॥ १२.१९४.१७ ॥
Having reached the twofold path, manifest and unmanifest, free from disease; seated on a heap of kuśa grass, with kuśa grass in hand, surrounded on the topknot by kuśa grass, hidden in the middle by kuśa grass likewise.
12.194.18
विषयेभ्यो नमस्कुर्याद्विषयान्न च भावयेत् ।
साम्यमुत्पाद्य मनसा मनस्येव मनो दधत् ॥ १२.१९४.१८ ॥
One should turn away from sense objects and not dwell upon them; having produced equanimity by the mind, placing the mind in the mind alone.
12.194.19
तद्धिया ध्यायति ब्रह्म जपन्वै संहितां हिताम् ।
संन्यस्यत्यथवा तां वै समाधौ पर्यवस्थितः ॥ १२.१९४.१९ ॥
With that understanding he meditates on Brahman, reciting the beneficial text; or he sets it aside and remains established in samādhi.
12.194.20
ध्यानमुत्पादयत्यत्र संहिताबलसंश्रयात् ।
अथाभिमतमन्त्रेण प्रणवाद्यं जपेत्कृती ॥ १२.१९४.२० ॥
Here, relying on the strength of the sacred text, he produces meditation. Then, with a chosen mantra beginning with the praṇava (oṃ), the accomplished one should recite.
12.194.21
यस्मिन्नेवाभिपतितं मनस्तत्र निवेशयेत् ।
समाधौ स हि मन्त्रे तु संहितां वा यथाविधि।
शुद्धात्मा तपसा दान्तो निवृत्तद्वेषकामवान् ॥ १२.१९४.२१ ॥
Wherever the mind settles, there one should fix it. In samādhi he is absorbed in the mantra, or in the sacred text according to rule. Pure in soul, self-controlled through austerity, free from hatred and desire.
12.194.22
अरागमोहो निर्द्वन्द्वो न शोचति न सज्जते ।
न कर्ता करणीयानां नाकार्याणामिति स्थितिः ॥ १२.१९४.२२ ॥
Free from attachment and delusion, beyond the pairs of opposites, he does not grieve and does not cling. He is not the doer of what is to be done, nor of what is not to be done; such is his state.
12.194.23
न चाहंकारयोगेन मनः प्रस्थाफ्येत्क्वचित् ।
न चार्थग्रहणे युक्तो नावमानी न चाक्रियः ॥ १२.१९४.२३ ॥
Through connection with the ego, the mind should never be moved away. He should not be engaged in grasping objects, nor be one who disdains, nor be inactive.
12.194.24
ध्यानक्रियापरो युक्तो ध्यानवान्ध्याननिश्चयः ।
ध्याने समाधिमुत्पाद्य तदपि त्यजति क्रमात् ॥ १२.१९४.२४ ॥
Devoted to the practice of meditation, disciplined, possessing meditation and resolute in it, he produces samādhi in meditation, and in due course gives up even that.
12.194.25
स वै तस्यामवस्थायां सर्वत्यागकृतः सुखी ।
निरिच्छस्त्यजति प्राणान्ब्राह्मीं संश्रयते तनुम् ॥ १२.१९४.२५ ॥
In that state, having renounced everything, he is happy; free of desire, he gives up the breaths of life and takes refuge in the Brahmic body.
12.194.26
निरालम्बो भवेत्स्मृत्वा मरणाय समाधिमान् ।
सर्वाल्लोँकान्समाक्रम्य क्रमात्प्राप्नोति वै परम् ॥ १२.१९४.२६ ॥
Steadfast in samādhi and without support, he should remember death; having passed beyond all worlds, he gradually attains the highest.
12.194.27
अथवा नेच्छते तत्र ब्रह्मकायनिषेवणम् ।
उत्क्रामति च मार्गस्थो नैव क्वचन जायते ॥ १२.१९४.२७ ॥
Or if he does not desire there the service of the Brahman-body, he departs while standing on the path and is never born again anywhere.
12.194.28
आत्मबुद्धिं समास्थाय शान्तीभूतो निरामयः ।
अमृतं विरजाः शुद्धमात्मानं प्रतिपद्यते ॥ १२.१९४.२८ ॥
Firmly holding to the understanding of the self, becoming peaceful and free from defect, he attains the immortal, passionless, pure self.