Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.204
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12.204.1
तदेव सततं मन्ये न शक्यमनुवर्णितुम् ।
यथा निदर्शनं वस्तु न शक्यमनुबोधितुम् ॥ १२.२०४.१ ॥
I think that can never be fully described, just as a thing cannot be fully made clear by an example.
12.204.2
यथाहि सारं जानाति न कथंचन संस्थितम् ।
परकायच्छविस्तद्वद्देहेऽयं चेतनस्तथा ॥ १२.२०४.२ ॥
Just as one never in any way knows the essence situated in the shadow of another's body, so too is this conscious self within this body.
12.204.3
विना कायं न सा च्छाया तां विना कायमस्त्युत ।
तद्वदेव विना नास्ति प्रकृतेरिह वर्तनम् ॥ १२.२०४.३ ॥
Without the body there is no shadow, and without that shadow there is no body; so too, here, the workings of nature do not exist without it.
12.204.4
इदं वै नास्ति नेदमस्ति परं विना ।
जीवात्मना त्वसौ छिन्नस्त्वेष चैव परात्मना ॥ १२.२०४.४ ॥
This truly is not, and this is not either; yet without that, this is the supreme. That is severed from the individual soul, and this too is severed from the supreme soul.
12.204.5
तत्तवेति विदुः केचिदतथ्यमिति चापरे ।
उभयं मे मतं विद्वन्मुक्तिहेतौ समाहितम् ॥ १२.२०४.५ ॥
Some call that 'yours', and others call it 'untrue'. O learned one, my view is that both are combined as the cause of liberation.
12.204.6
विमुक्तैश्च मृगः सोऽपि दृश्यते संयतेन्द्रियः ।
सर्वेषां न हि दृश्यो हि तटिद्वत्स्फुरति ह्यसौ ॥ १२.२०४.६ ॥
That deer, with senses restrained, is also seen by the liberated ones. He is not visible to all; he flashes like lightning.
12.204.7
ब्राह्मणस्य समादृश्यो वर्तते सोऽपि किं पुनः ।
विद्यते परमः शुद्धः साक्षिभूतो विभावसुः ॥ १२.२०४.७ ॥
He is fully to be seen even by a brahmin—how much more so (by others)? He is the supreme, pure witness, Vibhāvasu.
12.204.8
श्रुतिरेषा ततो नित्या तस्मादेकः परो मतः ।
न प्रयोजनमुद्दिश्य चेष्टा तस्य महात्मनः ॥ १२.२०४.८ ॥
This revelation is eternal; therefore he is held to be the one supreme. The activity of that great-souled one is not directed toward any purpose.
12.204.9
तादृशोस्त्विति मन्तव्यस्तथा सत्यं महात्मना ।
नानासंस्थेन भेदेन सदा गतिविभेदवत्।
तस्य भेदः समाख्यातो भेदो ह्यस्ति तथाविधः ॥ १२.२०४.९ ॥
It should be thought, "Let him be such"; by the great-souled one this is true. Abiding in many forms, like differences of motion, he is always seen as differentiated. His distinctions are thus declared, for such distinctions truly exist.
12.204.10
एवं विद्वन्विजानीहि परमात्मानमव्ययम् ।
तत्तद्गुणविशेषेण संज्ञानामनुसंयुतम् ॥ १२.२०४.१० ॥
Thus the wise one should know the imperishable supreme self, who is joined to various names according to each particular quality.
12.204.11
सर्वेश्वरः सर्वमयः स च सर्वप्रवर्तकः ।
सर्वात्मकः सर्वशक्तिः सर्वकारणकारणम् ॥ १२.२०४.११ ॥
He is the lord of all, consisting of all; he is the instigator of all, the self of all, all-powerful, the cause of all causes.
12.204.12
सर्वसाधारणः सर्वैरुपास्यश्च महात्मभिः ।
वासुदेवेति विख्यातस्तं विदित्वाऽश्नुतेऽमृतम् ॥ १२.२०४.१२ ॥
He is common to all, to be worshipped by all the great-souled ones, renowned as Vāsudeva. Having known him, one attains immortality.
12.204.13
यदा ते प़ञ्चभिः पञ्च युक्तानि मनसा सह ।
अथ तद्द्रक्ष्यते ब्रह्म मणौ सूत्रमिवार्पितम् ॥ १२.२०४.१३ ॥
When your five senses, together with the mind, are yoked to their five objects, then you will see Brahman, as a thread is seen strung through a jewel.
12.204.14
तदेव च यथा सूत्रं सुवर्णे वर्तते पुनः ।
मुक्तास्वथ प्रवालेषु मृन्मये राजते तथा ॥ १२.२०४.१४ ॥
Just as that same thread shines again in gold, in pearls, in coral, and in things of clay, so it is.
12.204.15
तद्वद्गोऽश्वमनुष्येषु तद्वद्धस्तिमृगादिषु ।
तद्वत्कीटपतङ्गेषु प्रसक्तात्मा स्वकर्मभिः ॥ १२.२०४.१५ ॥
Likewise among cows, horses and men; likewise among elephants, deer and the rest; likewise among insects and moths, the self, attached through its own deeds, dwells.
12.204.16
येनयेन शरीरेण यद्यत्कर्म करोत्ययम् ।
तेनतेन शरीरेण तत्तत्फलमुपाश्नुते ॥ १२.२०४.१६ ॥
With whatever body this one performs whatever action, with that same body he obtains its fruit.
12.204.17
यथा ह्येकरसा भूमिरोषध्यर्थानुसारिणी ।
तथा कर्मानुगा बुद्धिरन्तरात्माऽनुदर्शिनी ॥ १२.२०४.१७ ॥
As the earth of one flavour follows the purpose of herbs, so the intellect that follows action shows the inner self accordingly.
12.204.18
ज्ञानपूर्वोद्भवा लिप्सा लिप्सापूर्वाभिसन्धिता ।
अभिसन्धिपूर्वकं कर्म कर्ममूलं ततः फलम् ॥ १२.२०४.१८ ॥
Desire arises from knowledge; intention comes before desire; action comes before intention; action is the root, and from it the fruit.
12.204.19
फलं कर्मत्मकं विद्यात्कर्म ज्ञेयात्मकं तथा ।
ज्ञेयं ज्ञानात्मकं विद्याज्ज्ञानं सदसदात्मकम् ॥ १२.२०४.१९ ॥
One should know the fruit to be of the nature of action, and action to be of the nature of what is to be known. One should know what is to be known to be of the nature of knowledge, and knowledge to be of the nature of the existent and the non-existent.
12.204.20
तदेवमिष्यते ब्रह्म संख्यानाद्विनिभिद्यते ।
ज्ञानानां च फलानां च ज्ञेयानां कर्मणां तथा।
क्षयान्ते यत्फलं विद्याज्ज्ञानं ज्ञेयप्रतिष्ठितम् ॥ १२.२०४.२० ॥
Thus Brahman is taught, and by enumeration it is distinguished. The fruit that arises at the end of the destruction of knowledges, fruits, things to be known and actions, one should know as knowledge, established in what is to be known.
12.204.21
महद्धि परमं भूतं युक्ताः पश्यन्ति योगिनः ।
अबुधास्तं न पश्यन्ति ह्यात्मस्थं गुणबुद्धयः ॥ १२.२०४.२१ ॥
The great supreme being is seen by the disciplined yogins. The unwise, whose minds are bound to the qualities, do not see him abiding in the self.
12.204.22
पृथिवीरुपतो रूपमपामिह महत्तरम् ।
अद्भ्यो महत्तरं तेजस्तेजसः पवनो महान् ॥ १२.२०४.२२ ॥
Here the form of water is greater than the form of earth; fire is greater than water, and great wind is greater than fire.
12.204.23
पवनाच्च महद्व्योम तस्मात्परतरं मनः ।
मनसो महती बुद्धिर्बुद्धेः कालो महान्स्मृतः ॥ १२.२०४.२३ ॥
Greater than the wind is the great space; higher than that is the mind. Greater than the mind is the great intellect, and greater than the intellect time is remembered as great.
12.204.24
कालात्स भगवान्विष्णुर्यस्य सर्वमिदं जगत् ।
नादिर्न मध्यं नैवान्तस्तस्य देवस्य विद्यते ॥ १२.२०४.२४ ॥
Beyond time is that Lord Viṣṇu, whose is this whole world. That god has no beginning, no middle, and no end to be found.
12.204.25
अनादित्वादमध्यत्वादनन्तत्वाच्च सोऽव्ययः ।
अत्येति सर्वदुःखानि दुःखं ह्यन्तवदुच्यते ॥ १२.२०४.२५ ॥
Because he has no beginning, no middle and no end, he is imperishable. He passes beyond all sorrows, for sorrow alone is said to have an end.
12.204.26
तद्ब्रह्म परमं प्रोक्तं तद्धाम परमं पदम् ।
तद्गत्वा कालविषयाद्विमुक्ता मोक्षमाश्रिताः ॥ १२.२०४.२६ ॥
That Brahman is declared supreme, that abode is the supreme state. Having reached it, freed from the realm of time, those who take refuge in liberation are liberated.
12.204.27
गुणेष्वेते प्रकाशन्ते निर्गुणत्वात्ततः परम् ।
निवृत्तिलक्षणो धर्मस्तथाऽऽनन्त्याय कल्पते ॥ १२.२०४.२७ ॥
These appear within the qualities; because he is without qualities, he is beyond them. Thus the dharma whose mark is withdrawal becomes fit for infinity.
12.204.28
ऋचो यजूंषि सामानि शरीराणि व्यपाश्रिताः ।
जिह्वाग्रेषु प्रवर्तन्ते यत्नसाध्याविनाशिनः ॥ १२.२०४.२८ ॥
The Ṛg verses, the Yajus formulas and the Sāma chants dwell in bodies; they arise at the tips of the tongue, are attained through effort, and yet are imperishable.
12.204.29
न चैवमिष्यते ब्रह्म शरीराश्रयसंभवम् ।
न यत्नसाध्यं तद्ब्रह्म नादिमध्यं न चान्तवन् ॥ १२.२०४.२९ ॥
Thus Brahman is not held to arise from dwelling in bodies; that Brahman is not attained by effort, has no beginning or middle, and is not endowed with an end.
12.204.30
ऋचामादिस्तथा साम्नां यजुषामादिरुच्यते ।
अन्तश्चादिमतां दृष्टो न त्वादिर्ब्रह्मणः स्मृतः ॥ १२.२०४.३० ॥
The Ṛg verses have a beginning, and likewise the Sāma chants and the Yajus formulas are said to have a beginning. The end of things that have a beginning is seen, but Brahman's beginning is not recorded.
12.204.31
अनादित्वादनन्तत्वात्तदनन्तमथाव्ययम् ।
अव्ययत्वाच्च निर्दुःखं द्वन्द्वाभावस्ततः परम् ॥ १२.२०४.३१ ॥
Because it has no beginning and no end, that is endless and imperishable. Because it is imperishable, it is free from sorrow; and thereafter, in the supreme state, there is the absence of pairs of opposites.
12.204.32
अदृष्टतोऽनुपायाच्च प्रतिसन्धेश्च कर्मणः ।
न तेन मर्त्याः पश्यन्ति येन गच्छान्त तत्पदम् ॥ १२.२०४.३२ ॥
Because it is not seen, because there is no means, and because of the rebinding of action, mortals do not see the path by which they might go to that state.
12.204.33
विषयेषु च संसर्गाच्छाश्वतस्य च संशयात् ।
मनसा चान्यदाकाङ्क्षन्परं न प्रतिपद्यते ॥ १२.२०४.३३ ॥
Through contact with sense-objects and through doubt about the eternal, one who desires something else in the mind does not attain the supreme.
12.204.34
गुणान्यदिह पश्यन्ति तदिच्छन्त्यपरे जनाः ।
परं नैवाभिकाङ्क्षन्ति निर्गुणत्वाद्गुणार्थिनः ॥ १२.२०४.३४ ॥
Here, others desire that which they see as qualities; but seekers of qualities, being without qualities themselves, do not desire the supreme.
12.204.35
गुणैर्यस्त्ववरैर्युक्तः कथं विद्याद्गुणानिमान् ।
अनुमानाद्धि गन्तव्यं गुणैरवयवैः परम् ॥ १२.२०४.३५ ॥
But how could one endowed with lower qualities know these qualities? The supreme must be reached by inference, through qualities and their parts.
12.204.36
सूक्ष्मेण मनसा विद्मो वाचा वक्तुं न शक्नुमः ।
मनो हि मनसा ग्राह्यं दर्शनेन च दर्शनम् ॥ १२.२०४.३६ ॥
We know it with the subtle mind; we are not able to express it in speech. The mind is grasped by the mind, and seeing by seeing.
12.204.37
ज्ञानेन निर्मलीकृत्य बुद्धिं बुद्ध्या मनस्तथा ।
मनसा चेन्द्रियग्राममक्षरं प्रतिपद्यते ॥ १२.२०४.३७ ॥
Having purified the intellect by knowledge, and likewise the mind by intellect, and if he restrains the host of senses by the mind, he attains the Imperishable.
12.204.38
बुद्धिप्रहीणो मनसा समृद्ध ।
स्तथाऽनिराशीर्गुणतामुपैति।
परं त्यजन्तीह विलोभ्यमाना ।
हुताशनं वायुरिवेन्धनस्थम् ॥ १२.२०४.३८ ॥
Bereft of intellect yet enriched in mind, thus free of longing, he comes to the state of the qualities. Here, enticed, they abandon the highest, as the wind abandons the fire that rests in the fuel.
12.204.39
गुणादाने विप्रयोगे च तेषां ।
मनः सदा विद्धि परावराभ्याम्।
अनेनैव विधिना संप्रवृत्तो ।
गुणादाने ब्रह्म शरीरमेति ॥ १२.२०४.३९ ॥
In the taking up of qualities and in their separation, know their mind always by the higher and the lower. Set forth by this very method, in taking up the qualities, he attains a body of Brahman.
12.204.40
अव्यक्तात्मा पुरुषोऽव्यक्तकर्मा ।
सोऽव्यक्तत्वं गच्छति ह्यन्तकाले।
तैरेवायं चेन्द्रियैर्वर्धमानै ।
र्ग्लायद्भिर्वा वर्ततेऽकामरूपः ॥ १२.२०४.४० ॥
The person whose self is unmanifest and whose actions are unmanifest goes to the unmanifest state at the time of death. By those very senses, growing or waning, he persists, taking a form at will.
12.204.41
सर्वैरयं चेन्द्रियैः संप्रयुक्तो ।
देहं प्राप्तः यञ्चभूताश्रयः स्यात्।
न सामर्थ्याद्गच्छति कर्मणेह ।
हीनस्तेन परमेणाव्ययेन ॥ १२.२०४.४१ ॥
Joined with all these senses, this one, having obtained a body, may become the support of the elements. Not by capacity but by action he goes here, deprived of that supreme Imperishable.
12.204.42
पृथ्व्या नरः पश्यति नान्तमस्या ।
ह्यन्तश्चास्या भविता चेति विद्धि।
परं न यातीह विलोभ्यमानो ।
यथा प्लवं वायुरिवार्णवस्थम् ॥ १२.२०४.४२ ॥
A man does not see the end of this earth; know that it too will have an end. Like a boat on the ocean tossed by the wind, one who is driven by greed does not reach the supreme here.
12.204.43
दिवाकरो गुणमुपलभ्य निर्गुणो ।
यथा भवेदपगतरश्मिमण्डलः।
तथां ह्यसौ मुनिरिह निर्विशेषवान् ।
स निर्गुणं प्रविशति ब्रह्म चाव्ययम् ॥ १२.२०४.४३ ॥
As the sun, its disk of rays departed, becomes without qualities, so this sage here, free of distinctions, enters the attributeless and imperishable brahman.
12.204.44
अनागतं सुकृतवतां परां गतिं ।
स्वयंभुवं प्रभवनिधानमव्ययम्।
सनातनं यदमृतमव्ययं ध्रुवं ।
निचाय्य तत्परममृतत्वमश्नुते ॥ १२.२०४.४४ ॥
The supreme goal, not yet come to the virtuous, self-existent, the source and treasury of origins, imperishable, eternal, immortal, undecaying and fixed: having ascertained that, one attains that supreme immortality.