Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.206
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12.206.1
पितामह महाप्राज्ञ पुण्डरीकाक्षमच्युतम् ।
कर्तारमकृतं विष्णुं भूतानां प्रभवाप्ययम् ॥ १२.२०६.१ ॥
Grandfather, of great wisdom, the lotus-eyed, the infallible one, Viṣṇu, the creator who was never created, the origin and dissolution of beings.
12.206.2
नारायणं हृषीकेशं गोविन्दमपराजितम् ।
तत्त्वेन भरतश्रेष्ठ श्रोतुमिच्छामि केशवम् ॥ १२.२०६.२ ॥
Nārāyaṇa, Hṛṣīkeśa, Govinda, the unconquered Keśava — I wish to hear of him in truth, best of the Bharatas.
12.206.3
श्रुतोऽयमर्थो रामस्य जामदग्न्यस्य जल्पतः ।
नारदस्य च देवर्षेः कृष्णद्वैपायनस्य च ॥ १२.२०६.३ ॥
I have heard this matter as told by Rāma, son of Jamadagni, by the divine sage Nārada, and by Kṛṣṇa Dvaipāyana.
12.206.4
असितो देवलस्तात वाल्मीकिश्च महातपाः ।
मार्कण्डेयश्च गोविन्दे कथयन्त्यद्भुतं महत् ॥ १२.२०६.४ ॥
My child, Asita, Devala, the great ascetic Vālmīki and Mārkaṇḍeya speak of Govinda as a great and wondrous thing.
12.206.5
केशवस्य मया राजन्न शक्या वर्णितुं गुणाः ।
ईदृशोऽसौ हृषीकेशो वासुदेवः परात्परः ॥ १२.२०६.५ ॥
O king, I cannot describe the qualities of Keśava. Such is that Hṛṣīkeśa Vāsudeva, higher than the highest.
12.206.6
केशवो भरतश्रेष्ठ भगवानीश्वरः प्रभुः ।
पुरुषः सर्वमित्येव श्रूयते बहुधा विभुः ॥ १२.२०६.६ ॥
Best of the Bharatas, Keśava is the blessed lord, the ruler, the lord, the Person; it is heard in many ways that he is all — the all-pervading one.
12.206.7
किंतु यानि विदुर्लोके ब्राह्मणाः शार्ङ्गधन्वनि ।
महात्मनि महाबाहो शृणु तानि युधिष्ठिर ॥ १२.२०६.७ ॥
But hear, O mighty-armed Yudhiṣṭhira, what the brahmins in the world know about the great-souled one who bears the Śārṅga bow.
12.206.8
यानि चाहुर्मनुष्येन्द्र ये पुराणविदो जनाः ।
श्रुत्वा सर्वाणि गोविन्दो कीर्तयिष्यामि तान्यहम् ॥ १२.२०६.८ ॥
O lord of men, having heard all that those who know the Purāṇas say, I shall recount those things about Govinda.
12.206.9
महाभूतानि भूतात्मा महात्मा पुरुषोत्तमः ।
वायुर्ज्योतिस्तथा चापः खं च गां चान्वकल्पयत् ॥ १२.२०६.९ ॥
The soul of beings, the great-souled Supreme Person, arranged the great elements: air, fire, water, space, and earth.
12.206.10
स सृष्ट्वा पृथिवीं चैव सर्वभूतेश्वरः प्रभुः ।
अप्स्वेव शयनं चक्रे महात्मा पुरुषोत्तमः ॥ १२.२०६.१० ॥
Having created the earth, that Lord, the ruler of all beings, the great-souled Supreme Person, made his bed in the waters themselves.
12.206.11
सर्वतेजोमयस्तस्मिञ्शयानः शयने शुभे ।
सोऽग्रजं सर्वभूतानां संकर्षणमचिन्तयत् ॥ १२.२०६.११ ॥
Made wholly of radiance, reclining on that auspicious bed, he thought of Saṃkarṣaṇa, the elder brother of all beings.
12.206.12
आश्रयं सर्वभूतानां मनसेतीह शुश्रुम् ।
स धारयति भूतानि उभे भूतभविष्यती ॥ १२.२०६.१२ ॥
Here we have heard that by his mind he is the refuge of all beings; he bears up both what has been and what will be.
12.206.13
प्रद्युम्नमसृजत्तस्मात्सर्वतेजः प्रकाशकम् ।
अनिरुद्धस्ततो जज्ञे सर्वशक्तिर्महाद्युतिः ॥ १२.२०६.१३ ॥
From him he created Pradyumna, who illuminates all splendour; then Aniruddha was born, all-powerful and of great radiance.
12.206.14
अप्सु व्योमगतः श्रीमान्योगनिद्रामुपेयिवान् ।
तस्मात्संजज्ञिरे देवा ब्रह्मविष्णुमहेश्वराः।
लयस्थित्यन्तकर्माणस्रयस्ते सुमहौजसः ॥ १२.२०६.१४ ॥
That glorious one, dwelling in the waters and in the sky, entered yoga-sleep; from him were born the gods Brahmā, Viṣṇu and Maheśvara, whose acts are creation, preservation and dissolution—those three of very great power.
12.206.15
ततस्तस्मिन्महाबाहौ प्रादुर्भूते महात्मनि ।
भास्करप्रतिमं दिव्यं नाभ्यां पद्ममजायत ॥ १२.२०६.१५ ॥
Then, when that great-armed, great-souled one had appeared, a divine lotus, like the sun, arose from his navel.
12.206.16
स तत्र भगवान्देवः पुष्करे भ्राजयन्दिशः ।
ब्रह्मा समभवत्तात सर्वभूतपितामहः ॥ १२.२०६.१६ ॥
There, upon that lotus, the blessed god, lighting up the quarters, came into being as Brahmā, grandfather of all beings, dear child.
12.206.17
तस्मिन्नपि महाबाहौ प्रादुर्भूते महात्मनि ।
तमसः पूर्वजो जज्ञे मधुर्नाम महासुरः ॥ १२.२०६.१७ ॥
And when that great-armed, great-souled one had appeared, there was born from Tamas the first-born, the great asura named Madhu.
12.206.18
तमुग्रमुग्रकर्माणमुग्रां बुद्धिं समास्थितम् ।
ब्रह्मणोपचितिं कुर्वञ्जघान पुरुषोत्तमः ॥ १२.२०६.१८ ॥
That fierce one of fierce deeds, abiding in a fierce mind, the Supreme Person slew, bringing increase to Brahmā.
12.206.19
तस्य तात वधात्सर्वे देवदानवमानवाः ।
मधुसूदनमित्याहुर्ऋषभं सर्वसात्वताम् ॥ १२.२०६.१९ ॥
Dear son, because of his slaying, gods, demons and humans all call him Madhusūdana, the bull among all the Sātvatas.
12.206.20
ब्रह्माऽनुससृजे पुत्रान्मानसान्दक्षसप्तमान् ।
मरीचिमत्र्यङ्गिरसौ पुलस्त्यं पुलहं क्रतुम् ॥ १२.२०६.२० ॥
Brahmā created sons from his mind in succession, with Dakṣa the seventh: Marīci, Atri, Aṅgiras, Pulastya, Pulaha and Kratu.
12.206.21
मरीचिः कश्यपं तात पुत्रमग्रजमग्रजः ।
मानसं जनयामास तैजसं ब्रह्मवित्तमम् ॥ १२.२०६.२१ ॥
Dear son, Marīci begot Kaśyapa, his firstborn son, mind-born, radiant and the most learned in Brahman.
12.206.22
अङ्गुष्ठात्ससृजे ब्रह्मा मरीचेरपि पूर्वजम् ।
सोऽभवद्भरतश्रेष्ठ दक्षो नाम प्रजापतिः ॥ १२.२०६.२२ ॥
Brahmā created from his thumb one who was even older than Marīci. O best of the Bharatas, he became the lord of creatures named Dakṣa.
12.206.23
तस्य पूर्वमजायन्त दश तिस्रश्च भारत ।
प्रजापतेर्दुहितरस्तासां ज्येष्ठाऽभवद्दितिः ॥ १२.२०६.२३ ॥
O Bharata, before him were born ten and three daughters of the lord of creatures; among them the eldest was Diti.
12.206.24
सर्वधर्मविशेषज्ञः पुण्यकीर्तिर्महायशाः ।
मारीचः कश्यपस्तात सर्वासामभवत्पतिः ॥ १२.२०६.२४ ॥
Dear son, Kaśyapa, the son of Marīci, knowing the special nature of all duties, of meritorious fame and great renown, became the husband of all of them.
12.206.25
उत्पाद्य तु महाभागस्तासामवरजा दश ।
ददौ धर्माय धर्मज्ञो दक्ष एव प्रजापतिः ॥ १२.२०६.२५ ॥
Greatly fortunate, he brought forth the ten youngest of them, and Dakṣa, the lord of creatures who knew dharma, gave them to Dharma.
12.206.26
धर्मस्य वसवः पुत्रा रुद्राश्चामिततेजसः ।
विश्वेदेवाश्च साध्याश्च मरुत्वन्तश्च भारत ॥ १२.२०६.२६ ॥
The sons of Dharma were the Vasus, and the Rudras of boundless splendor, the Viśvedevas, the Sādhyas, and the Maruts, O Bhārata.
12.206.27
अपराश्च यवीयस्यस्ताभ्योऽन्याः सप्तविंशतिः ।
सोमस्तासां महाभागः सर्वासामभवत्पतिः ॥ १२.२०६.२७ ॥
And the other twenty-seven, younger still, of them all the lord was the greatly fortunate Soma.
12.206.28
इतरास्तु व्यजायन्त गन्धवोस्तुरगान्द्विजान् ।
गाश्च किंपुरुषान्मत्स्यानुद्भिज्जांश्च वनस्पतीन् ॥ १२.२०६.२८ ॥
From the rest were born the Gandharvas, horses, birds, cows, the Kiṃpuruṣas, fishes, and the trees and plants that sprout from the earth.
12.206.29
आदित्यानदितिर्जज्ञे देवश्रेष्ठान्महाबलान् ।
तेषां विष्णुर्वामनोऽभूद्गोविन्दश्चाभवत्प्रभुः ॥ १२.२०६.२९ ॥
Aditi bore the Ādityas, the mightiest of the gods; among them Viṣṇu became Vāmana, and the lord Govinda came to be as well.
12.206.30
तस्य विक्रमणाच्चापि देवानां श्रीर्व्यवर्धत ।
दानवाश्च पराभूता दैतेयाश्चासुरी प्रजा ॥ १२.२०६.३० ॥
By his stride the glory of the gods increased, and the Dānavas were overcome, as were the Daityas and the demonic host.
12.206.31
विप्रचित्तिप्रधानांश्च दानवानसृजद्दनुः ।
दितिस्तु सर्वानसुरान्महासत्वानजीजनत् ॥ १२.२०६.३१ ॥
Danu brought forth the Dānavas, led by Vipracitti, and Diti gave birth to all the mighty-natured Asuras.
12.206.32
ततः ससर्ज भगवान्मृत्युं लोकभयंकरम् ।
हर्तारं सर्व भूतानां ससर्ज च जनार्दनः ॥ १२.२०६.३२ ॥
Then the blessed Janārdana created Death, the terror of the worlds, the taker of all beings.
12.206.33
अहोरात्रं च कालं च यथर्तु मधुसूदनः ।
पूर्वाह्णं चापराह्णं च सर्वमेवान्वकल्पयत् ॥ १२.२०६.३३ ॥
Madhusūdana ordained in due order day and night, time according to the seasons, forenoon and afternoon, all of it.
12.206.34
लब्ध्वापः सोऽसृजन्मेघांस्तथा स्थावरजङ्गमान् ।
पृथिवीं सोऽसृजद्विश्वां सहीतां भूरितेजसा ॥ १२.२०६.३४ ॥
Having obtained the waters, he created the clouds and the immovable and moving beings; and with his great brilliance he created the whole earth and held it together.
12.206.35
ततः कृष्णो महाभागः पुनरेव युधिष्ठिर ।
ब्राह्मणानां शतं श्रेष्ठं मुखादेवासृजत्प्रभुः ॥ १२.२०६.३५ ॥
Then, O Yudhiṣṭhira, the greatly blessed Kṛṣṇa, the lord, created from his mouth a hundred of the best of brahmins.
12.206.36
बाहुभ्यां क्षत्रियशतं वैश्यानामूरुतः शतम् ।
पद्भ्यां शूत्रशतं चैव कशेवो भरतर्षभ ॥ १२.२०६.३६ ॥
From the arms a hundred kṣatriyas, from the thighs a hundred vaiśyas, and from the feet a hundred śūdras; O bull of the Bharatas.
12.206.37
स एवं चतुरो वर्णान्समुत्पाद्य महातपाः ।
अध्यक्षं सर्व भूतानां धातारमकरोत्स्वयम् ॥ १२.२०६.३७ ॥
Having thus brought forth the four social orders, the one of great austerity made himself the overseer and creator of all beings.
12.206.38
वेदविद्याविधातारं ब्रह्माणमतितद्युतिम् ।
भूतमातृगणाध्यक्षं विरूपाक्षं च सोऽसृजत् ॥ १२.२०६.३८ ॥
He also created Brahmā, the establisher of Vedic knowledge and of exceeding brilliance, and Virūpākṣa, overseer of the hosts of mother-spirits.
12.206.39
शासितारं च पापानां पितृणां समवर्तिनम् ।
असृजत्सर्वभूतात्मा निधिपं च धनेश्वरम् ॥ १२.२०६.३९ ॥
The soul of all beings created the ruler of the wicked, the impartial one among the fathers, and Dhaneśvara, lord of treasures and wealth.
12.206.40
यादसामसृजन्नाथं वरुणं च जलेश्वरम् ।
वासवं सर्वदेवानामध्यक्षमकरोत्प्रभुः ॥ १२.२०६.४० ॥
He created Varuṇa, lord of the water-creatures, and the lord of the waters, and the Lord made Vāsava overseer of all the gods.
12.206.41
यावद्यावदभूच्छ्रद्धा देहं धारयितुं नृणाम् ।
तावत्तावदजीवंस्ते नासीद्यमकृतं भयम् ॥ १२.२०६.४१ ॥
As long as there was faith in men to sustain the body, so long did they live, and there was no fear caused by Yama.
12.206.42
न चैषां मैथुनो धर्मो बभूव भरतर्षभ ।
संकल्पादेव चैतेषां गर्भः समुपपद्यते ॥ १२.२०६.४२ ॥
Nor did they have the custom of sexual union, O bull of the Bharatas; in them the embryo arose from mere will.
12.206.43
ततस्रेतायुगे काले संस्पर्शाज्जायते प्रजा ।
न ह्यभून्मैथुनो धर्मस्तेषामपि जनाधिप ॥ १२.२०६.४३ ॥
Then, in the Tretā age, offspring were born through touch. Indeed, O lord of men, for them too there was no duty of sexual union.
12.206.44
द्वापरे मैथुनो धर्मः प्रजानामभवन्नृप ।
तथा कलियुगे राजन्द्वन्द्वमापेदिरे जनाः ॥ १२.२०६.४४ ॥
In the Dvāpara age, O king, the duty of sexual union arose among beings. Likewise, O king, in the Kali age people fell into dualities.
12.206.45
एष भूतपतिस्तात स्वध्यक्षश्च तथोच्यते ।
निरपेक्षांश्च कौन्तेय कीर्तयिष्यामि तच्छृणु ॥ १२.२०६.४५ ॥
This one is the lord of beings, dear child, and is so called as his own overseer. O son of Kuntī, I will recount the disregarding ones; listen to that.
12.206.46
दक्षिणापथजन्मानः सर्वे करभृतस्तव ।
आन्ध्राः पुलिन्दाः शवराश्चूचुपा मद्रकैः सह ॥ १२.२०६.४६ ॥
All those born in the southern region, your tribute-bearers: the Āndhras, Pulindas, Śavaras, and the Cūcupās together with the Madrakas.
12.206.47
उत्तरापथजन्मानः कीर्तयिष्यामि तानपि ।
ये तु काम्भोजगान्धाराः किराता बर्वरैः सह ॥ १२.२०६.४७ ॥
I will also recount those born in the northern region: the Kāmbojas and Gāndhāras, the Kirātas together with the Barbaras.
12.206.48
एते पापकृतस्तात चरन्ति पृथिवीमिमाम् ।
बकश्वपाकगृध्राणां सधर्माणो नराधिप ॥ १२.२०६.४८ ॥
These evildoers, dear child, roam this earth, O lord of men, sharing the nature of herons, dog-cookers and vultures.
12.206.49
नैते कृतयुगे तात चरन्ति पृथिवीमिमाम् ।
त्रेताप्रभुति वर्धन्ते ते जना भरतर्षभ ॥ १२.२०६.४९ ॥
Dear child, these did not roam this earth in the Kṛta age; from the Tretā age onward those people increased, O bull of the Bharatas.
12.206.50
ततस्तस्मिन्महाघोरे संन्ध्याकाले युगान्तिके ।
राजानः समसज्जन्त समासाद्येतरेतम् ॥ १२.२०६.५० ॥
Then, in that very dreadful twilight at the end of the age, the kings met one another and clashed.
12.206.51
ऐन्द्रं रूपं समास्थाय ह्यसुरेभ्यो चरन्महीम् ।
स एव भगवान्देवो वेदित्वं च गता मही ॥ १२.२०६.५१ ॥
Assuming the form of Indra, he roamed the earth away from the asuras; that same blessed god, and the earth came to know him.
12.206.52
एवंभूते सृष्टिर्नारसिंहादयः क्रमात् ।
प्रादुर्भावाः स्मृता विष्णोर्जगतीरक्षणाय वै ॥ १२.२०६.५२ ॥
Thus, Narasiṃha and the others are remembered in order as the manifestations of Viṣṇu, indeed for the protection of the world.
12.206.53
एष कृष्णो महायोगी तत्तत्कार्यानुरूपणम् ।
हिरण्यकशिपुं दैत्यं हिरण्याक्षं तथैव च ॥ १२.२०६.५३ ॥
This great yogin Kṛṣṇa takes on forms suited to each task; and likewise the daitya Hiraṇyakaśipu and Hiraṇyākṣa.
12.206.54
रावणं च महादैत्यं हत्वासौ पुरुषोत्तमः ।
भूमेर्दुःखोपनाशार्थं ब्रह्मशक्रादिभिः स्तुतः ॥ १२.२०६.५४ ॥
Having also slain the great daitya Rāvaṇa, that best of persons, to remove the earth's sorrow, was praised by Brahmā, Indra and the others.
12.206.55
आत्मनोऽङ्गान्महातेजा उद्वबर्ह जनार्दनः ।
सितकृष्णौ महाराज केशौ हरिरुदारधीः ॥ १२.२०६.५५ ॥
From his own limbs the greatly radiant Janārdana plucked out two hairs, one white and one black, O great king; he is Hari of noble intellect.
12.206.56
वसुदेवस्य देवक्यामेष जात इहोत्तमः ।
देहवानिह विश्वात्मा संबन्धी ते जनार्दनः ॥ १२.२०६.५६ ॥
Born here to Vasudeva through Devakī was this supreme one; Janārdana, the soul of the universe, embodied here, is your kinsman.
12.206.57
आविर्वभूव योगीन्द्रो मनोतीतो जगत्पतिः ।
अचिन्त्यः पुरुषव्याघ्र नैव केवलमानुषः ॥ १२.२०६.५७ ॥
The lord of yogins, beyond the reach of the mind, the lord of the world, appeared; O tiger among men, he is unthinkable, not merely a human being.
12.206.58
अव्यक्तादिविशेषान्तं परिमाणार्थसंयुतम् ।
क्रीडा हरेरिदं सर्वं क्षरमित्येव धार्यताम् ॥ १२.२०६.५८ ॥
Everything from the unmanifest down to the particular, bound with measure and purpose, is the play of Hari; it should be held to be perishable.
12.206.59
अक्षरं तत्परं नित्यं वैरूप्यं जगतो हरेः ।
तद्विद्धि रूपमतुलममृतत्वं भवज्जितम् ॥ १२.२०६.५९ ॥
That imperishable, supreme, eternal one — the diversity of the world is Hari's; know that to be his incomparable form, the immortality won by you.
12.206.60
तदेव कृष्णो दाशार्हः श्रीमाञ्श्रीवत्सलक्षणः ।
न भूतसृष्टिसंस्थानं देहोऽस्य परमात्मनः ॥ १२.२०६.६० ॥
That very Kṛṣṇa of the Dāśārha line, glorious and marked with the Śrīvatsa, is this; the body of this supreme soul is not the arrangement of the creation of beings.
12.206.61
देहवानिह यो विष्णुरसौ मायामयो हरिः ।
आत्मनो लोकरक्षार्थं ध्याहि नित्यं सनातनम् ॥ १२.२०६.६१ ॥
Here the embodied Viṣṇu is that Hari made of illusion. For the protection of the worlds, meditate constantly on that eternal one.
12.206.62
अङ्गानि चतुरे वेदा मीमांसा न्यायविस्तरः ।
इतिहासपुराणानि धर्माः स्वायंभुवादयः ॥ १२.२०६.६२ ॥
The four Vedas and their limbs, Mīmāṃsā, the wide reach of Nyāya, the Itihāsas and Purāṇas, and the dharmas beginning with those of Svāyambhuva.
12.206.63
य एनं प्रतिवर्तन्ते वेदान्तानि च सर्वशः ।
भक्तिहीना न तैर्यान्ति नित्यमेनं कथंचन ॥ १२.२०६.६३ ॥
Those who turn toward him, and who strive through all the Vedānta texts, yet are devoid of devotion, never reach him in any way.
12.206.64
सर्वभूतेषु भूतात्मा तत्तद्बुद्धिं समास्थितः ।
तस्माद्बुद्धस्त्वमेवैनं ध्याहि नित्यमतन्द्रितः ॥ १२.२०६.६४ ॥
He is the soul of beings, abiding in the intellect of each one among all creatures. Therefore, awakened, you should meditate on him constantly and without weariness.
12.206.65
एवमेष कुरुश्रेष्ठ प्रादुर्भावो महात्मनः ।
एवं देवर्षिराचष्ट नारदः सर्वलोकदृक् ॥ १२.२०६.६५ ॥
Thus, best of the Kurus, is this manifestation of the great soul. So did the divine sage Nārada, the seer of all worlds, declare.
12.206.66
नारदोऽप्यथ कृष्णस्य परं मेने नराधिप ।
शाश्वतत्वं महाबाहो यथावद्भरतर्षभ ॥ १२.२०६.६६ ॥
Nārada too then regarded Kṛṣṇa as supreme. O lord of men, O mighty-armed one, bull of the Bharatas, he truly acknowledged his eternity as it is.
12.206.67
एवमेव महाबाहुः केशवः सत्यविक्रमः ।
अचिन्त्यः पुण्डरीकाक्षो नैष केवलमानुषः ॥ १२.२०६.६७ ॥
Just so, the mighty-armed Keśava, whose prowess is true, unthinkable and lotus-eyed, is not merely a human being.
12.206.68
एवंविधोऽसौ पुरुषः को वैनं वेत्ति सर्वदा ।
एतत्ते कथितं राजन्भूयः श्रोतुं किमिच्छसि ॥ १२.२०६.६८ ॥
Who could ever know such a person? O king, this has been told to you; what more do you wish to hear?