Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.212
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12.212.1
योगं मे परमं तात मोक्षस्य वदभारत ।
तमहं तत्त्वतो ज्ञातुमिच्छामि वदतांवर ॥ १२.२१२.१ ॥
Dear sir, O Bhārata, tell me the supreme discipline of liberation. Best of speakers, I wish to know it truly.
12.212.2
भूयोपि ज्ञानसद्भावे स्थित्यर्थं त्वां ब्रवीम्यहम् ।
अचिन्त्यं वासुदेवाख्यं तस्मात्प्रब्रूहि सत्तम ॥ १२.२१२.२ ॥
Again, for steadfastness in the true nature of knowledge, I say to you: tell me of that which is inconceivable and named Vāsudeva, therefore, best of the good.
12.212.3
अत्राप्युदाह न्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
संवादं मोक्षसंयुक्तं शिष्यस्य गुरुणा सह ॥ १२.२१२.३ ॥
Here too they recite this ancient legend, the dialogue of a disciple with his teacher, connected with liberation.
12.212.4
कश्चिद्ब्राह्मणमासीनमाचार्यमृषिसत्तमम् ।
तेजोराशिं महात्मानं सत्यसन्धं जितेन्द्रियम् ॥ १२.२१२.४ ॥
A certain brahmin, a teacher seated, best of sages, a mass of radiance, great-souled, true in his vow, self-controlled.
12.212.5
शिष्यः परममेधावी श्रेयोर्थी सुसमाहितः ।
चरणावुपसंगृह्य स्थितः प्राञ्जलिरब्रवीत् ॥ १२.२१२.५ ॥
The disciple, most intelligent, seeking the highest good, well composed, grasped his teacher's feet, stood with folded hands, and spoke.
12.212.6
उपासनात्प्रसन्नोऽसि यदि वै भगवन्मम ।
संशयो मे महान्कश्चित्तं मे व्याख्यातुमर्हसि।
कुतश्चाहं कुतश्च त्वं तत्सम्यग्ब्रूहि यत्परम् ॥ १२.२१२.६ ॥
If you are pleased with my service, venerable one, I have a great doubt, which you ought to explain. Whence am I, and whence are you? Tell me rightly that supreme truth.
12.212.7
कथं च सर्वभूतेषु समेषु द्विजसत्तम ।
सम्यग्वृत्ता निवर्तन्ते विपरीताः क्षयोदयाः ॥ १२.२१२.७ ॥
How, O best of the twice-born, among all beings who are equal, do decline and rise, rightly conducted, turn back and become reversed?
12.212.8
वेदेषु चापि यद्वाक्यं लौकिकं व्यापकं च यत् ।
एतद्विद्वन्यथातत्त्वं सर्वं व्याख्यातुमर्हसि ॥ १२.२१२.८ ॥
Whatever statement there is in the Vedas, and whatever is worldly and pervasive, O learned one, you are fit to explain all of this other truth.
12.212.9
शृणु शिष्य महाप्राज्ञ ब्रह्मगुह्यमिदं परम् ।
अध्यात्मं सर्वभूतानामागमानां च यद्वसु ॥ १२.२१२.९ ॥
Listen, O disciple, O greatly wise one! This is the supreme secret of Brahman, the inner self of all beings, and the treasure of the scriptures.
12.212.10
वासुदेवः सर्वमिदं विश्वस्य ब्रह्मणो सुखम् ।
सत्यं दानं तपो यज्ञस्तितिक्षा दम आर्जवम् ॥ १२.२१२.१० ॥
Vāsudeva is all this; he is the bliss of Brahman in the universe. Truth, giving, austerity, sacrifice, patience, self-restraint and uprightness are also he.
12.212.11
पुरुषं सनातनं विष्णुं यं तं वेदविदो विदुः ।
सर्गप्रलयकर्तारमव्यक्तं ब्रह्म शाश्वतम् ॥ १२.२१२.११ ॥
The eternal Person Viṣṇu, whom the knowers of the Veda know, the creator and dissolver of creation, the unmanifest and everlasting Brahman.
12.212.12
तदिदं ब्रह्म वार्ष्णोयमितिहासं शृणुष्व मे ।
ब्राह्मणो ब्राह्मणैः श्राव्यो राजन्यः क्षत्रियैस्तता ॥ १२.२१२.१२ ॥
That is that Brahman. Listen to me as I tell this legend of the Vṛṣṇi line, which is to be recited by Brahmins to Brahmins and by kṣatriyas to kings, and which is told at length.
12.212.13
वैश्यो वैश्यैस्तथा श्राव्यः शूद्रः शूद्रैर्महामनाः ।
माहात्म्यं देवदेवस्य विष्णोरमिततेजसः ॥ १२.२१२.१३ ॥
A vaiśya should be recited to by vaiśyas, and a great-minded śūdra by śūdras — the greatness of the god of gods, Viṣṇu of boundless splendor.
12.212.14
अर्हस्त्वमसि कल्याणं वार्ष्णेयाध्यात्ममुत्तमम् ॥ १२.२१२.१४ ॥
You are worthy, O descendant of Vṛṣṇi, of the auspicious and supreme spiritual teaching.
12.212.15
यमच्युतं परं नित्यं लिङ्गहीनं च निर्मलम् ।
निर्वाणममृतं श्रीमत्तद्विष्णोः परमं पदम् ॥ १२.२१२.१५ ॥
That which is imperishable, supreme, eternal, without any mark or form, and stainless — that is nirvāṇa, the immortal, the glorious supreme state of Viṣṇu.
12.212.16
भवे च भेदवद्भिन्नं प्रदानं गुणकारकम् ।
तस्मिन्न सज्यते नित्यं स एष पुरुषोऽपरः ॥ १२.२१२.१६ ॥
In the world of becoming there is the primal principle, divided with distinctions, producing the qualities; he never clings to it — this is the other Person.
12.212.17
पुरुषाधिष्ठितं नित्यं प्रधानं ब्रह्म कारणम् ।
कालस्वरूपं रूपेण विष्णुना प्रभविष्णुना ॥ १२.२१२.१७ ॥
The eternal primal principle, presided over by the Person, is Brahman and the cause; in the form of time, it is set in motion by Viṣṇu, the powerful generator.
12.212.18
क्षोभ्यमाणं सृजत्येव नानाभूतानि भागशः ।
तद्दृष्ट्वा पुरुषोतत्वं साक्षीभूत्वा प्रवर्तते।
तत्प्रविश्य यथायोगमभिन्नो भिन्नलक्षणः ॥ १२.२१२.१८ ॥
Being stirred, it creates the many beings part by part; having seen the supremacy of the highest Person, he acts as a witness. Entering into it as is fitting, he is undivided yet bears distinct marks.
12.212.19
कालचक्रमनाद्यन्तं भावाभावस्वलक्षणम् ।
त्रैलोक्ये सर्वभूतेषु चक्रवत्परिवर्तते ॥ १२.२१२.१९ ॥
The wheel of time, without beginning or end, whose own mark is being and non-being, turns like a wheel among all beings in the three worlds.
12.212.20
यत्तदक्षरमव्यक्तममृतं ब्रह्म शाश्वतम् ।
वदन्ति पुरुषव्याघ्र केशवं पुरुषर्षभम् ॥ १२.२१२.२० ॥
That imperishable, unmanifest, immortal, eternal Brahman — O best of men, they call Keśava, the bull among men.
12.212.21
तदक्षरमचिन्त्यं वै भिन्नरूपेण दृश्यते ।
पश्य कालाख्यमनिशं न चोष्णं नातिशीतलम् ॥ १२.२१२.२१ ॥
That imperishable is unthinkable, yet it is seen in divided form. Behold: what is called time is never constantly hot, nor excessively cold.
12.212.22
न सन्त्येते गुणास्तस्मिंतथा तस्मात्प्रवर्तते ।
शीतलोऽयमनुप्राप्तः कालो ग्रीष्मस्तथैव च ॥ १२.२१२.२२ ॥
These qualities are not in it; therefore it proceeds thus. Here the cool season has arrived, and summer comes in the same way.
12.212.23
वक्ष्यन्ति सर्वभूतानि ह्येते सूर्योदयं प्रति ।
आगच्छन्ति निवर्तन्ति स कालो गुणराशयः ॥ १२.२१२.२३ ॥
All beings will speak of these as they look toward sunrise. They come and they go; that time is a heap of qualities.
12.212.24
न चैव प्रकृतिस्थेन कालयुक्तेन नित्यशः ।
गुणैः संभोगमरतिस्तत्वविज्ञानकोविदम्।
पुरुषाधिष्ठिता नित्यं प्रकृतिः सूयते परा ॥ १२.२१२.२४ ॥
One abiding in prakṛti and joined to time is not always given to the enjoyment of the qualities; one skilled in the knowledge of truth remains detached. The supreme prakṛti, presided over by the puruṣa, is always generated.
12.212.25
पितॄन्देवानृषींश्चैव तथा वै यक्षराक्षसान् ।
नागासुरमनुष्यांश्च सृजते मनसाऽव्ययः ॥ १२.२१२.२५ ॥
The imperishable one creates by his mind the Pitṛs, the gods, the seers, the Yakṣas, the Rākṣasas, the Nāgas, the Asuras and humans.
12.212.26
तथैव वेदशास्त्राणि लोकधर्मांश्च शाश्वतान् ।
प्रलये प्रकृतिं यातान्युगादौ सृजते पुनः ॥ १२.२१२.२६ ॥
In the same way the Vedas, the treatises and the eternal duties of the world, having gone into primordial nature at dissolution, are created again at the beginning of an age.
12.212.27
यथर्तुष्वृतुलिङ्गानि नानारूपाणि पर्यये ।
दृश्यन्ते तानि तान्येव तथा भावा युगादिषु ॥ १२.२१२.२७ ॥
Just as in the seasons the marks of each season appear in turn in various forms, so too do the states of being appear at the beginnings of the ages.
12.212.28
अथ यद्यद्यदा भावि कालयोगाद्युगादिषु ।
तत्तदुत्पद्यते ज्ञानं लोकयात्राविधानजम् ॥ १२.२१२.२८ ॥
Then, whatever is destined to occur at each time at the beginnings of the ages through the union with time, that very knowledge arises, born of the arrangement of worldly life.
12.212.29
श्रुतिरेषा समाख्याता तदर्थं कारणात्मना ।
अनाम्नायविधानाद्वै वेदा ह्यन्तर्हिता यथा ॥ १२.२१२.२९ ॥
This revelation has been declared, in the form of a cause, for that very purpose; through the absence of the recitation rule, the Vedas too become hidden.
12.212.30
युगान्ते ह्यस्तभूतानि शास्त्राणि विविधानि च ।
सर्वसत्वविना द्वै जीवात्मनित्यया स्मृताः।
अन्यस्मिन्नण्डसद्भावे वर्तमानानि नित्यशः ॥ १२.२१२.३० ॥
At the end of an age the beings dissolve, and so do the various treatises; even when all creatures are destroyed, they are remembered through the eternity of the individual soul, and in another egg-state they exist always.
12.212.31
युगान्तेऽन्तर्हितान्वेदान्सेतिहासान्महर्षयः ।
लेभिरे तपसा पूर्वमनुज्ञाताः स्वयंभुवा ॥ १२.२१२.३१ ॥
At the end of the age, the Vedas and the histories lay hidden; the great sages obtained them formerly through austerity, when they were authorized by the Self-existent one.
12.212.32
नियोगाद्ब्रह्मणो विप्रा लोकतन्त्रप्रवर्तकाः ।
वेदविद्भगवान्ब्रह्मा वेदाङ्गानि बृहस्पतिः।
भार्गवो नीतिशास्त्रं तु जगाद जगतो हितम् ॥ १२.२१२.३२ ॥
By the command of Brahmā, the brahmins who guide the ordering of the worlds: the blessed Brahmā, knower of the Vedas, taught the limbs of the Veda; Bṛhaspati taught them too; and the Bhārgava taught the science of polity for the welfare of the world.
12.212.33
गान्धर्वं नारदो वेद भरद्वाजो धनुर्ग्रहम् ।
देवर्षिचरितं गर्गो कृष्णात्रेयश्चिकित्सितम् ॥ १२.२१२.३३ ॥
Nārada knew the art of Gandharva (music); Bharadvāja knew the science of the bow; Garga knew the deeds of the divine sages; Kṛṣṇātreya knew the healing art.
12.212.34
न्यायतन्त्रं हि कार्त्स्न्येन गौतमो वेद तत्वतः ।
वेदान्तकर्मायोगं च वेदविद्ब्रह्मविद्विभुः।
द्वैपायनो निजग्राह शिल्पशास्त्रं भृगुः पुनः ॥ १२.२१२.३४ ॥
Gautama knew the system of logic thoroughly and truly; the Dvaipāyana, knower of the Vedas and of Brahman, the all-pervading one, mastered the Vedānta and the yoga of action; and Bhṛgu again took up the science of crafts.
12.212.35
न्यायतन्त्राण्यनेकानि तस्तैरुक्तानि वादिभिः ।
हेत्वागमसदाचारैर्यदुक्तं तदुपास्यते ॥ १२.२१२.३५ ॥
Many systems of logic have been stated by those disputants; whatever has been said by reasoning, by scripture and by good conduct is what is followed.
12.212.36
अनाद्यं तत्परं ब्रह्म न देवा नर्षयो विदुः ।
एकस्तद्वेद भगवान्धाता नारायणः प्रभुः ॥ १२.२१२.३६ ॥
That beginningless supreme Brahman is known neither to gods nor to sages; only one knows it — the blessed Dhātā, Nārāyaṇa, the Lord.
12.212.37
नारायणादृषिगणास्तथा मुख्याः सुरासुराः ।
राजर्षयः पुराणाश्च परमं दुःखभेषडम्।
वक्ष्येऽहं तव यत्प्राप्तमृषेद्वैपोयनान्मया ॥ १२.२१२.३७ ॥
From Nārāyaṇa the groups of sages, the chief gods and demons, the royal sages and the ancient lore-keepers received the supreme remedy for suffering. I will tell you what I received from the sage Dvaipāyana.
12.212.38
पुरुषाधिष्ठितान्भावान्प्रकृतिः सूयते यदा ।
हेतुयुक्तमतः पूर्वं जगत्संपरिवर्तते ॥ १२.२१२.३८ ॥
When Nature gives birth to the states governed by the Puruṣa, then this world, joined to its causes, revolves as before.
12.212.39
दीपादन्ये यथा दीपाः प्रवर्तन्ते सहस्रशः ।
प्रकृतिः सूयते सद्वदानन्त्यान्नापचीयते ॥ १२.२१२.३९ ॥
Just as from one lamp thousands of other lamps are kindled, so Nature is produced, and by its infinity it is not diminished.
12.212.40
अव्यक्तकर्मजा बुद्धिरहंकारं प्रसूयते ।
आकाशं चाप्यहंकाराद्वायुराकाशसंभवः ॥ १२.२१२.४० ॥
Intellect, born of the unmanifest action, gives birth to the sense of 'I'; from the sense of 'I' comes space, and from space arises air.
12.212.41
वायोस्तेजस्ततश्चाप अद्भ्योऽथ वसुधोद्गता ।
मूलप्रकृतयो ह्यष्टौ जगदेतास्ववस्थितम् ॥ १२.२१२.४१ ॥
From air came fire, then water, and from water arose the earth. These eight are the root natures, and on them this world stands.
12.212.42
ज्ञानेन्द्रियाण्यतः पञ्च पञ्च कर्मेन्द्रियाण्यपि ।
विषयाः पञ्च चैकं च विकाराः षोडशं मनः ॥ १२.२१२.४२ ॥
From these come the five organs of knowledge, the five organs of action, the five objects of sense, and the one; and among the modifications the sixteenth is the mind.
12.212.43
श्रोत्रं त्वक्चक्षुषी जिह्वा घ्राणं ज्ञानेन्द्रियाण्यश्च ।
पादौ पायुरुपस्थश्च हस्तौ वाक्कर्मणी अपि ॥ १२.२१२.४३ ॥
Hearing, skin, the two eyes, tongue, and smell are the organs of knowledge. The two feet, the anus, the genital organ, the two hands, and speech are also the organs of action.
12.212.44
शब्दः स्पर्शश्च रूपं च रसो गन्धस्तथैव च ।
विज्ञेयं व्यापकं चित्तं तेषु सर्वगतं मनः ॥ १२.२१२.४४ ॥
Sound, touch, form, taste, and smell are the objects. What is to be known is the all-pervading thought-faculty (citta); and the mind is that which pervades all of these.
12.212.45
बुद्धीन्द्रियार्था इत्युक्ता दशसंसर्गयोनयः ।
सदसद्भावयोगे च मन इत्यभिधीयते ॥ १२.२१२.४५ ॥
These are called the objects of the cognitive senses, the sources of the ten contacts; and in the union of existent and non-existent states, it is called the mind.
12.212.46
व्यवसायगुणा बुद्धिरहंकारोऽभिमानकः ।
न बीजं देहयोगे च कर्मबीजप्रवर्तनात् ॥ १२.२१२.४६ ॥
The intellect has the quality of determination; the ego-sense is self-conceit. In union with the body it is not the seed, because it sets in motion the seed of action.
12.212.47
रसज्ञाने तु जिह्वेयं व्याहृते वाक्यथैव च ।
इन्द्रियैर्विविधैर्युक्तं सर्वैर्व्यतं मनस्तथा ॥ १२.२१२.४७ ॥
In the knowledge of taste it is the tongue, and in speech it is the sentence itself. Joined with various senses and interwoven with all of them, the mind is likewise.
12.212.48
विद्यात्तु षोडशैतानि दैवतानि विभागशः ।
देहेषु ज्ञानकर्तारमुपासीनमुपासते ॥ १२.२१२.४८ ॥
These sixteen should be known as deities, in their divisions. They worship the agent of knowledge who sits within the bodies.
12.212.49
तत्र सोमगुणा जिह्वा गन्धस्तु पृथिवीगुणः ।
श्रोत्रे शब्दगुणे चैव चक्षुरग्नेर्गुणस्तथा।
स्पर्शं वायुगुणं विद्यात्सर्वभूतेषु सर्वदा ॥ १२.२१२.४९ ॥
Here the tongue has the quality of soma, smell is the quality of earth. The ears have sound as their quality, and the eye is likewise the quality of fire. Touch is the quality of air; one should know this always, in all beings.
12.212.50
मनः सत्वगुणं प्राहु सत्वमव्यक्तजं तथा ।
सर्वभूतात्मभूतस्थं तस्माद्बुद्ध्येत बुद्धिमान् ॥ १२.२१२.५० ॥
The mind is said to have the quality of sattva, and sattva too is born of the unmanifest. Therefore the intelligent one should understand that which abides as the self of all beings.
12.212.51
एते भावा जगत्सर्वं बहन्ति सचराचरम् ।
श्रिता विरजसं देवं यमाहुः परमं पदम् ॥ १२.२१२.५१ ॥
These states carry the whole world, both moving and unmoving. Having taken refuge in the god free from passion, whom they call the supreme abode.
12.212.52
नवद्वारं पुरं पुण्यमेतैर्भावैः स्मन्वितम् ।
व्याप्य शेते महानात्मा तस्मात्पुरुष उच्यते ॥ १२.२१२.५२ ॥
This sacred city of nine gates is endowed with these states. Pervading it, the great self dwells; therefore it is called puruṣa.
12.212.53
अजरश्चामरश्चैव व्यक्ताव्यक्तोपदेशवान् ।
व्यापकः सगुणः सूक्ष्मः सर्वभूतगुणाश्रयः ॥ १२.२१२.५३ ॥
Ageless and immortal, possessing the teaching of the manifest and the unmanifest, all-pervading, endowed with qualities, subtle, the support of the qualities of all beings.
12.212.54
यथा दीपः प्रकाशात्मा ह्रस्वो वा यदि वा महान् ।
ज्ञानात्मानं तथा विद्यात्पुरुषं सर्वजन्तुषु ॥ १२.२१२.५४ ॥
As a lamp whose nature is light, whether small or great, so one should know the puruṣa in all creatures as the self whose nature is knowledge.
12.212.55
श्रोत्रं वेदयते वेद्यं स शृणोति स पश्यति ।
कारणं तस्य देहोऽयं स कर्ता सर्वकर्मणाम् ॥ १२.२१२.५५ ॥
Hearing makes the knowable known; he hears, he sees. This body is his instrument, and he is the doer of all actions.
12.212.56
अग्निर्दारुगतो यद्वद्भिन्ने दारौ न दृश्यते ।
तथैवात्मा शरीरस्थ ऋते योगान्न दृश्यते ॥ १२.२१२.५६ ॥
As fire hidden in wood is not seen even when the wood is split, so the self dwelling in the body is not seen without yoga.
12.212.57
अग्निर्यथा ह्युपायेन मथित्वा दारु दृश्यते ।
तथैवात्मा शरीरस्थो योगेनैवात्र दृश्यते ॥ १२.२१२.५७ ॥
As fire appears when wood is churned by a method, so the self dwelling in the body is seen here only through yoga.
12.212.58
नदीष्वापो यथा युक्ता यथा सूर्ये मरीचयः ।
संतन्वाना यथा यान्ति तथा देहाः शरीरिणाम् ॥ १२.२१२.५८ ॥
As waters flow joined in rivers, and as the sun's rays spread out and go on, so do the bodies of embodied beings pass on.
12.212.59
स्वप्नयोगे यथैवात्मा पञ्चेन्द्रियसमायुतः ।
देहमुत्सृज्य वै याति तथैवात्मोपलभ्यते ॥ १२.२१२.५९ ॥
As in the state of dreaming the self, joined with the five senses, leaves the body and goes away, so the self is perceived.
12.212.60
कर्मणा व्याप्यते सर्वं कर्मणैवोपपद्यते ।
कर्मणा नीयतेऽन्यत्र स्वकृतेन बलीयसा ॥ १२.२१२.६० ॥
Everything is pervaded by action, and arises from action alone. By one's own deed, the stronger force, a person is led elsewhere.
12.212.61
स तु देहाद्यथा देहं त्यक्त्वाऽन्यं प्रतिपद्यते ।
तथा तं संप्रवक्ष्यामि भूतग्रामं स्वकर्मजम् ॥ १२.२१२.६१ ॥
As the embodied one, having left one body, obtains another, so I will explain to you the multitude of beings born of their own deeds.