Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.214
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12.214.1
प्रवृत्तिलक्षणो धर्मो यथा समुपलभ्यते ।
तेषां विज्ञाननिष्ठानामन्यत्तत्वं न रोचते ॥ १२.२१४.१ ॥
Dharma, which is marked by engagement in action, is found as it is; but to those established in knowledge, no other truth is pleasing.
12.214.2
दुर्लभा वेदविद्वांसो वेदोक्तेषु व्यवस्थिताः ।
प्रयोजनं महत्त्वात्तु मार्गमिच्छन्ति संस्तुतम् ॥ १२.२१४.२ ॥
Learned scholars of the Vedas who are firmly established in what the Vedas teach are rare; because of its greatness, they desire the path that is praised.
12.214.3
वेदस्य न विदुर्भावं ज्ञानमार्गप्रतिष्ठितम् ।
सद्भिराचरितत्वात्तु वृत्तमेतदगर्हितम्।
इयं सा बुद्धिरभ्येत्य यथा याति परां गतिम् ॥ १२.२१४.३ ॥
They do not know the true essence of the Veda, which is established on the path of knowledge; because it is practiced by the good, this conduct is not reproached. This is that understanding, by attaining which one goes to the highest goal.
12.214.4
शरीरवानुपादत्ते मोहात्सर्वान्परिग्रहान् ।
कामक्रोधादिभिर्भावैर्युक्तो राजसतामसैः ॥ १२.२१४.४ ॥
The embodied being, from delusion, takes hold of all possessions, joined with the states of desire, anger and the like, of the passionate and dark modes.
12.214.5
नाशुद्धमाचरेत्तस्मादभीप्सन्देहयापनम् ।
कर्मणां विवरं कुर्वन्न लोकानाप्नुयाच्छुभान् ॥ १२.२१४.५ ॥
Therefore one should not practice impurity, even desiring the sustenance of the body; one who makes a breach in actions does not attain the auspicious worlds.
12.214.6
लोहयुक्तं तथा हेम विपक्वं न विराजते ।
तथाऽपक्वकषायाख्यं विज्ञानं न प्रकाशते ॥ १२.२१४.६ ॥
Gold mixed with base metal does not shine if not well refined; likewise knowledge with unripened impurities does not become manifest.
12.214.7
केचिदात्मगुणं प्राप्तास्ते मुक्ताश्चक्रबन्धनात् ।
इतरे दुःखसन्द्वन्द्वास्तथा दुःखपरायणाः ॥ १२.२१४.७ ॥
Some, having attained the quality of the self, are freed from the bond of the wheel; others, bound to the pairs of opposites and suffering, remain intent upon sorrow.
12.214.8
शुकाकर्मानुरूपं ते जायमानाः पुनः पुनः ।
क्रोधलोभमदाविष्टा मूढान्तः करणाः सदा ॥ १२.२१४.८ ॥
In accordance with your deeds you are born again and again, possessed by anger, greed and pride, always with a deluded inner self.
12.214.9
यथा… संछाया नास्ति नित्यतया परा ।
गुणानेव तथा चिन्त्या सन्त्येति च विदुर्बुधाः ॥ १२.२१४.९ ॥
As a shadow is not supreme in permanence, so too must the qualities be considered; thus the wise know.
12.214.10
यश्चाधर्मं चरेल्लोभात्कामक्रोधावनुप्लुवन् ।
धर्म्यं पन्थानमुत्क्रम्य सानुबन्धो विनश्यति ॥ १२.२१४.१० ॥
He who from greed practises unrighteousness, swept along by desire and anger, having transgressed the righteous path, perishes together with its consequences.
12.214.11
अचलं ज्ञानमप्राप्य चलचित्तश्चलानियात् ।
शब्दादीन्विषयांस्तस्मान्न संरागादुपप्लवेत्।
क्रोधो हर्षो विषादश्च जायन्ते हि परस्परात् ॥ १२.२१४.११ ॥
One who has not attained unmoving knowledge, with a restless mind, should restrain the restless senses; therefore one should not be overwhelmed by strong attachment to sound and the other objects. Anger, joy and sorrow arise one from another.
12.214.12
गुणाः कार्याः क्रोधहर्षौ सुखदुःखे प्रियाप्रिये ।
द्वन्द्वान्यथैवमादीनि विजयेच्चैव सर्ववित् ॥ १२.२१४.१२ ॥
The qualities are to be treated as functions; anger and joy, pleasure and pain, the dear and the disliked, and such other pairs of opposites, the all-knowing one should conquer.
12.214.13
पञ्चभूतात्मके देहे सत्त्वराजसताभसे ।
कमभिष्टुवते चायं कं वा क्रोशति किं वदन् ॥ १२.२१४.१३ ॥
In this body made of the five elements, endowed with the qualities of goodness, passion and darkness, whom does he praise, or whom does he revile, and what does he say?
12.214.14
स्पर्शरूपरसाद्येषु सङ्गं गच्छन्ति बालिशाः ।
नावगच्छन्ति विज्ञानादात्मानं पार्थिवं गुणम् ॥ १२.२१४.१४ ॥
Fools become attached to touch, form, taste and the rest; through knowledge they do not understand the self, which lies beyond the earthly quality.
12.214.15
मृन्मयं शरणं यद्वन्मृदैव परिलिप्यते ।
पार्थिवोऽयं तथा देहो मृद्विकारान्न नश्यति ॥ १२.२१४.१५ ॥
Just as a shelter made of clay is plastered with clay, so this earthly body is not destroyed by the transformations of clay.
12.214.16
मधु तैलं पयः सर्पिर्मांसानि लवणं गुडः ।
धान्यानि फलमूलानि मृद्विकाराः सहाम्भसा ॥ १२.२१४.१६ ॥
Honey, oil, milk, ghee, meats, salt, molasses, grains, fruits and roots — these are transformations of clay together with water.
12.214.17
यद्वत्कान्तारमातिष्ठन्नौत्सुक्यं समनुव्रजेत् ।
ग्राम्यमाहारमादद्यादस्वाद्वपि हि यापनम् ॥ १२.२१४.१७ ॥
As one who enters a wilderness does not eagerly pursue village food, but takes even tasteless food only to sustain life,
12.214.18
तद्वत्संसारकान्तारमातिष्ठञ्श्रमतत्परः ।
यात्रार्थमद्यादाहारं व्याधितो भेषजं यथा ॥ १२.२१४.१८ ॥
So too, one who enters the wilderness of worldly existence and applies himself to effort should eat food only to carry on the journey of life, as a sick man takes medicine.
12.214.19
भक्षणे श्वापदैर्मार्गादिति चारं करोति चेत् ।
एवं संसारमार्गेण यात्रार्थं विषयाणि च ॥ १२.२१४.१९ ॥
As one who, while eating, is led astray from the path by wild beasts and wanders, so too on the path of worldly existence one should partake of sense-objects for the sake of the journey of life.
12.214.20
न गच्छेद्भोगविज्ञानादुन्मार्गे पद्यते तदा ।
तस्माददुःखतो मार्गमास्थितस्तमनुस्मरेत् ॥ १२.२१४.२० ॥
One should not go by knowledge of enjoyment, for then one falls onto the wrong path. Therefore, having taken up the path free from suffering, one should remember that.
12.214.21
नानापर्णफला वृक्षा बहवः सन्ति तत्र हि ।
भोक्तारो मुनयश्चैव तस्मात्परतरं वनम् ॥ १२.२१४.२१ ॥
There are many trees there with various leaves and fruits, and there are also sages who partake of them; therefore that forest is far better.
12.214.22
अनुमानैस्तथाशास्त्रैर्यशसा विक्रमेण च ।
सत्यशौचार्जवत्यागैर्वर्चसा विक्रमेण च।
क्षान्त्या धृत्या च बुद्ध्या च मनसा तपसैव च ॥ १२.२१४.२२ ॥
By inference and by the scriptures, by fame and by valor; by truthfulness, purity, uprightness and renunciation; by lustre and by valor; by patience, steadfastness, intellect, mind and austerity alone.
12.214.23
भावान्सर्वान्यथावृत्तान्संवसेत यथाक्रमम् ।
शान्तिमिच्छन्नदीनात्मा संयच्छेदिन्द्रियाणि च ॥ १२.२१४.२३ ॥
One should dwell among all conditions in due order, as they occur; desiring peace, with an undejected spirit, one should restrain the senses.
12.214.24
सत्त्वेन रजसा चैव तमसा चैव मोहिताः ।
चक्रवत्परिवर्तन्ते ह्यज्ञानाज्जन्तवो भृशम् ॥ १२.२१४.२४ ॥
Deluded by sattva, rajas and tamas alike, living beings revolve greatly, like a wheel, through ignorance.
12.214.25
तस्मात्सम्यक्परीक्षेत दोषानज्ञानसंभवान् ।
अज्ञानप्रभवं नित्यमहंकारं परित्यजेत् ॥ १२.२१४.२५ ॥
Therefore one should carefully examine the faults that arise from ignorance, and always abandon the ego-sense that springs from ignorance.
12.214.26
महाभूतानीन्द्रियाणि गुणाः सत्त्वं रजस्तमः ।
देहमूलं विजानीहि नैतानि भगवानतः ॥ १२.२१४.२६ ॥
Know the great elements, the senses, and the qualities — sattva, rajas and tamas — to be the root of the body; these, blessed one, are not (the self).
12.214.27
उपायतः प्रवक्ष्यामि तं च मृत्युं दुरासदम् ।
त्रैलोक्यं सेश्वरं सर्वमहंकारे प्रतिष्ठितम् ॥ १२.२१४.२७ ॥
By method I shall also explain that death, hard to overcome; the three worlds together with their lord are all established in the ego-sense.
12.214.28
यथेह नियतः कालो दर्शयत्यार्तवान्गुणान् ।
तद्वद्भतेष्वहंकारं विद्याद्भूतप्रवर्तकम् ॥ १२.२१४.२८ ॥
Just as here a fixed time reveals the qualities of the seasons, so one should know the ego-sense among beings to be the instigator of beings.
12.214.29
संमोहकं तमो विद्यात्कृष्णमज्ञानसंभवम् ।
प्रकृतेर्गुणसंजातो महानहंक्रिया ततः ॥ १२.२१४.२९ ॥
Tamas should be known as bewildering, dark, and arising from ignorance. From the qualities of prakṛti the great (intellect) is born, and then the action of ego.
12.214.30
अहंकारात्पुनः पश्चाद्भूतग्राममुदाहृतम् ।
अव्यक्तस्य गुणेभ्यस्तु तद्गुणांश्च निबोध तान् ॥ १२.२१४.३० ॥
From the ego-sense, afterwards, the multitude of elements is declared to arise; and understand also the qualities of those born from the qualities of the unmanifest.
12.214.31
प्रीतिदुःखनिबद्धांश्च समस्तांस्त्रीनथो गुणान् ।
सत्त्वस्य रजसश्चैव तमसश्च निबोध तान् ॥ १२.२१४.३१ ॥
Understand now the three qualities, all bound by pleasure and pain: sattva, rajas and tamas.
12.214.32
प्रसादो हर्षजा प्रीतिरसंदेहो धृतिः स्मृतिः ।
एतान्सत्त्वगुणान्विद्यादिमान्राजसतामसान् ॥ १२.२१४.३२ ॥
Serenity, delight born of joy, unwavering certainty, steadfastness and recollection — know these as the qualities of sattva; these are distinct from rajas and tamas.
12.214.33
असन्तोषोऽक्षमाऽधैर्यमतृप्तिर्विषयादिषु ।
राजसाश्च गुणा ह्येते तत्परं तामसाञ्शृणु ॥ १२.२१४.३३ ॥
Discontent, impatience, restlessness and insatiable craving for sense-objects — these are the qualities of rajas. Now listen to the qualities of tamas beyond these.
12.214.34
मोहस्तन्द्री तथा दुःखं निद्राऽऽलस्यं प्रमादता ।
विषादी दीर्घसूत्रश्च तत्तामसमुदाहृतम् ॥ १२.२१४.३४ ॥
Delusion, torpor, grief, sleep, laziness, heedlessness, despondency and procrastination — this is declared to be the quality of tamas.
12.214.35
कामक्रोधौ प्रमादश्च लोभमोहौ भयं क्लमः ।
विषादशोकावरतिर्मानदर्पावनार्यता ॥ १२.२१४.३५ ॥
Desire and anger, heedlessness, greed and delusion, fear, exhaustion, despondency and sorrow, aversion, pride and arrogance, and ignobility.
12.214.36
दोषाणामेवमादीनां परीक्ष्य गुरुलाघवम् ।
विमृशेदात्मसंस्थानमेकैकमनुसंततम् ॥ १२.२१४.३६ ॥
Having examined the weight and lightness of such faults, one should continually reflect on each one in relation to the standing of the self.
12.214.37
यस्मिन्प्रतिष्ठितं चेदं यस्मिन्सज्ज्ञाननिर्गतिः ।
सर्वभूताधिकं नित्यमहंकारं विलोकयेत् ॥ १२.२१४.३७ ॥
In which this world is established, and from which true knowledge arises, one should observe that eternal ego-sense, superior to all beings.
12.214.38
विलोकमानः स तदा स्वबुद्ध्या सूक्ष्मया पुनः ।
तदेव भाति तद्रूपमात्मना यत्सुनिर्मलम् ॥ १२.२१४.३८ ॥
Then, observing again with his subtle intellect, he sees that very form shine forth, which by the self is supremely pure.
12.214.39
के दोषा मनसा त्यक्ताः के बुद्ध्या शिथिलीकृताः ।
के पुनः पुनरायान्ति के मोहादचला इव ॥ १२.२१४.३९ ॥
Which faults are abandoned by the mind, which are loosened by the intellect, and which return again and again, like immovable things, from delusion?
12.214.40
केषां बलाबलं बुद्ध्या हेतुभिर्विमृशेद्बुधः ।
एतन्मे सर्वमाचक्ष्व यथा विद्यामहं विभो।
मह्यं शुश्रूषवे विद्वन्वक्ष्येतद्बुद्धिनिश्चितम् ॥ १२.२१४.४० ॥
By what reasons, and by intellect, should the wise man examine the strength and weakness of these? O mighty one, explain all this to me, that I may know. O learned one, to me who am eager to listen, I shall tell what is settled by intellect.
12.214.41
शान्तत्वादपरान्ताच्च आरम्भादपि चैकतः ।
प्रोक्तो ह्यत्र यथा हेतुरेवमाहुर्मनीषिणः ॥ १२.२१४.४१ ॥
From calmness, from the end, from the beginning, and also from one side, as the reason has been declared here, so do the wise say.
12.214.42
दोषैर्मूलादवच्छिन्नैर्विशुद्धात्मा विमुच्यते ।
विनाशयति संभूतमयस्मयमयो यथा।
तथा कृतात्मा सहजैर्दोषैर्नश्यति राजसैः ॥ १२.२१४.४२ ॥
By faults cut off at the root, the purified self is liberated; as iron produced from iron destroys it, so the self that has controlled itself is destroyed by its innate faults of rajas.
12.214.43
सहजैरविशुद्धात्मा दोषैर्नश्यति तामसैः ।
राजसं तामसं चैव शुद्धात्मा कालसंभवम् ॥ १२.२१४.४३ ॥
The impure self is destroyed by the innate faults born of tamas; rajas and tamas, and those born of time — the pure self is freed from them.
12.214.44
शमयेत्सत्त्वमास्थाय बुद्ध्या केवलया द्विजः ।
त्यजेच्च मनसा चेतः शुद्धात्मा बुद्धिमास्थितः ॥ १२.२१४.४४ ॥
The twice-born, resorting to sattva, should calm the thought by pure intellect alone, and with the mind abandon thought; the pure self, established in intellect, should do so.
12.214.45
तत्सर्वं देहिनां बीजं सत्त्वमात्मवतः समम् ।
तस्मादात्मवता वर्ज्यं रजश्च तम एव च ॥ १२.२१४.४५ ॥
All that is the seed of embodied beings; for the self-controlled, sattva is equal. Therefore the self-controlled must avoid rajas and tamas.
12.214.46
रजस्तमोभ्यां निर्मुक्तं सत्त्वं निर्मलतामियात् ।
आहारान्वर्जयेन्नित्यं राजसांस्तामसानपि ॥ १२.२१४.४६ ॥
Freed from rajas and tamas, sattva attains purity. One should always avoid rajasic and tamasic foods.
12.214.47
ते ब्रह्म पुनरायान्ति न मोहादचला इव ।
अथवा मन्त्रवद्ब्रूयुर्मांसादीनां यजुष्कृतम् ॥ १२.२१४.४७ ॥
They return to Brahman, not through delusion but unmoving like a mountain. Or, like a mantra, they may declare that meat and the like were made by the Yajus.
12.214.48
स वै हेतुरनादाने शुद्धधर्मानुपालने ।
रजसा कामयुक्तानि कार्याण्यपि समाप्नुते ॥ १२.२१४.४८ ॥
That is indeed the cause in not accepting and in preserving pure dharma; by rajas one attains even actions connected with desire.
12.214.49
अर्थयुक्तानि चात्यर्थं कामान्सर्वांश्च सेवते ।
तमसा लोभयुक्तानि क्रोधजानि च सेवते।
हिंसाविहाराभिरतस्तन्द्रीनिद्रासमन्वितः ॥ १२.२१४.४९ ॥
He pursues in excess things bound to wealth and all desires; through tamas he pursues things bound to greed and those born of anger; delighting in violence and idle pastimes, he is endowed with lassitude and sleep.
12.214.50
सत्वस्थः सात्विकान्भावाञ्शुद्धान्पश्यति संश्रितः ।
स देही विमलः श्रीमाञ्श्रद्धाविद्यासमन्वितः ॥ १२.२१४.५० ॥
Abiding in sattva, relying on pure sattvic states, he sees them; that embodied being is stainless, radiant, endowed with faith and knowledge.