Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.219
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12.219.1
न स वेद परं ब्रह्म यो न वेद चतुष्टयम् ।
व्यक्ताव्यक्तं च यत्तत्त्वं संप्रोक्तं परमर्षिणा ॥ १२.२१९.१ ॥
He does not know the supreme Brahman who does not know the fourfold; the truth that is both manifest and unmanifest was declared by the supreme seer.
12.219.2
व्यक्तं मृत्युमुखं विद्यादव्यक्तममृतं पदम् ।
निवृत्तिलक्षणं धर्ममृषिर्नारायणोऽब्रवीत् ॥ १२.२१९.२ ॥
One should know the manifest as the mouth of death and the unmanifest as the immortal state; the dharma marked by withdrawal was declared by the seer Nārāyaṇa.
12.219.3
तत्रैवावस्थितं सर्वं त्रैलोक्यं सचराचरम् ।
निवृत्तिलक्षणं धर्ममव्यक्तं ब्रह्म शाश्वतम् ॥ १२.२१९.३ ॥
There alone everything is established: the three worlds with their moving and unmoving beings; the dharma marked by withdrawal, the unmanifest eternal Brahman.
12.219.4
प्रवृत्तिलक्षणं धर्मं प्रजापतिरतथाब्रवीत् ।
प्रवृत्तिः पुनरावृत्तिर्निवृत्तिः परमा गतिः ॥ १२.२१९.४ ॥
Prajāpati, however, spoke of the dharma marked by engagement differently: engagement is returning again, while withdrawal is the supreme goal.
12.219.5
तां गतिं परमामेति निवृत्तिपरमो मुनिः ।
ज्ञानतत्त्वपरो नित्यं शुभाशुभनिदर्शकः ॥ १२.२१९.५ ॥
The sage devoted to withdrawal attains that supreme goal; ever devoted to the truth of knowledge, he discerns good and evil.
12.219.6
तदेवमेतौ विज्ञेयावव्यक्तपुरुषाबुभौ ।
अव्यक्तपुरुषाभ्यां तु यत्स्यादन्यन्महत्तरम् ॥ १२.२१९.६ ॥
Thus these two, the unmanifest and the Person, are to be known; but there is something else, greater than the unmanifest and the Person.
12.219.7
तं विशेषमवेक्षेति विशेषेण विचक्षणः ।
अनाद्यन्तावुभावेतावलिङ्गौ चाप्युभावपि ॥ १२.२१९.७ ॥
Let the discerning one look upon that distinction in particular: both of these are without beginning or end, and without marks — both of them, indeed.
12.219.8
उभौ नित्यावनुचरौ महद्भ्यश्च महत्तरौ ।
सामान्यमेतदुभयोरेवं ह्यन्यद्विशेषणम् ॥ १२.२१९.८ ॥
Both are eternal, followers greater even than the great principles. This is the common mark of both; thus there is another distinguishing mark.
12.219.9
प्रकृत्या सर्गधर्मिण्या तथा त्रिगुणसत्वया ।
विपरीतमतो विद्यात्क्षेत्रज्ञस्य स्वलक्षणम् ॥ १२.२१९.९ ॥
Opposite to Prakṛti, which has the property of creation and consists of the three guṇas, one should know this as the own characteristic of the knower of the field.
12.219.10
प्रकृतेश्च विकाराणां द्रष्टारमगुणान्वितम् ।
क्षेत्रज्ञमाहुर्जीवं तु कर्तारं गुणसंवृतम् ॥ १२.२१९.१० ॥
They call the witness of Prakṛti and its modifications, free of guṇas, the knower of the field; but the living being is the agent enveloped by the guṇas.
12.219.11
अग्राह्यं येन जानन्ति तज्ज्ञानं दंशितश्च तत् ।
तेनैव दंशितो नित्यं न गुणः परिभूयते ॥ १२.२१९.११ ॥
That by which they know the ungraspable is knowledge, and that is armed in mail; armed always with that, the guṇa is not overcome.
12.219.12
अग्राह्यौ पुरुषावेतावलिङ्गत्वादसङ्गिनौ ।
संयोगलक्षणोत्पत्तिः कर्मजा गृह्यते यथा ॥ १२.२१९.१२ ॥
These two persons are ungraspable, being without marks and unattached. Origination characterized by conjunction is perceived as born of action.
12.219.13
करणैः कर्मनिर्वृत्तैः कर्ता यद्यद्विचेष्टते ।
कीर्त्यते शब्दसंज्ञाभिः कोऽहमेषोप्यसाविति ॥ १२.२१९.१३ ॥
Through the instruments accomplished by action, whatever the agent strives to do is named by words and designations: 'Who am I? Who is this? Who is that?'
12.219.14
ममापि कायमिति च तदज्ञो नित्यसंवृतः ।
उष्णीषवान्यथा वस्त्रैस्त्रिभिर्भवति संवृतः।
संवृतोऽयं तथा देही सत्त्वराजसतामसैः ॥ १२.२१९.१४ ॥
The ignorant one, thinking 'this body is also mine', is always enveloped, as a man wearing a turban is covered by three garments. So is this embodied self covered by sattva, rajas and tamas.
12.219.15
भेदवस्तु त्वभेदेन जानाति स यदा पुमान् ।
तदा परं परात्माऽसौ भवत्येव निरञ्जनः ॥ १२.२१९.१५ ॥
When a person knows the thing that has difference as non-different, then he becomes the supreme self, the stainless one.
12.219.16
क्रियायोगे च भेदाख्ये बहु संक्षिप्यते क्वचित् ।
वसुरुद्रगणाद्येषु स्वानुभोगेन भोगतः ॥ १२.२१९.१६ ॥
In the union of action, which is called difference, much is sometimes condensed, among the groups of Vasus, Rudras and others, through the enjoyment of one's own experience.
12.219.17
एवमेष परः सत्त्वो नानारूपेण संस्थितः ।
संक्षिप्तो दृश्यते पश्चादेकरूपेण विष्ठितः ॥ १२.२१९.१७ ॥
Thus this supreme being abides in many forms; afterwards it is seen condensed, abiding in one form.
12.219.18
तस्माच्चतुष्टयं वेद्यमेतैर्हेतुभिरावृतम् ।
तथासंज्ञो ह्ययं सम्यगन्तकाले न मुह्यति।
वायुर्विधो यथा भानुर्विप्रकाशं गमिष्यति ॥ १२.२१९.१८ ॥
Therefore the fourfold, covered by these causes, is to be known. Thus one who knows does not become bewildered at the time of death, as wind and sun go into clear light.
12.219.19
श्रियं दिव्यामभिप्रेप्सुर्वर्ष्मवान्मनसा शुचिः ।
शारीरैर्नियमैरुग्रैश्चरेन्निष्कल्मषं तपः ॥ १२.२१९.१९ ॥
One who desires divine splendor, pure in mind and with a body, should practice stainless austerity through severe bodily disciplines.
12.219.20
त्रैलोक्यं तपसा व्याप्तमन्तर्भूतेन भास्वता ।
सूर्यश्च चन्द्रमाश्चैव भासतस्तपसा दिवि ॥ १२.२१९.२० ॥
The three worlds are pervaded by austerity, by the radiant power dwelling within; the sun and the moon too shine in the sky by austerity.
12.219.21
अन्यच्च धर्मसाम्यं यत्तपस्तत्कीर्त्यते पुनः ।
प्रकाशस्तपसो ज्ञानं लोके संशब्दितं तपः ॥ १२.२१९.२१ ॥
Another thing, the austerity that equals dharma, is declared again: the illumination of austerity is knowledge, and in the world austerity is called knowledge.
12.219.22
रजस्तमोघ्नं यत्कर्म तपसस्तत्स्वलक्षणम् ।
त्रितयं ह्येतदाख्यातं यद्यस्माद्भासितुं पुनः ॥ १२.२१९.२२ ॥
The action that destroys passion and darkness is the very mark of austerity; these three have been declared thus, for by them one must shine forth again.
12.219.23
स्वभासा भासयंश्चापि चन्द्रमा ह्यत्र वर्तते ।
सूर्ययोगे तु यः सन्धिस्तपः सर्वं प्रदीप्यते ॥ १२.२१९.२३ ॥
Here too the moon, lighting with its own radiance, remains; and at the junction of its conjunction with the sun, all austerity is kindled.
12.219.24
ब्रह्मचर्यमहिंसा च शारीरं तप उच्यते ।
वाङ्भनोनियमः सम्यङ्भानसं तप उच्यते ॥ १२.२१९.२४ ॥
Celibacy and non-violence are called bodily austerity; the complete restraint of speech and mind is called mental austerity.
12.219.25
विधिज्ञेभ्यो द्विजातिभ्यो ग्राह्यमन्नं विशिष्यते ।
आहारनियमेनास्य पाप्मा शाम्यति राजसः ॥ १२.२१९.२५ ॥
Food received from the twice-born who know the rules is held to be best. By restraint in diet his passion-born sin is calmed.
12.219.26
वैमनस्यं च विषये यान्त्यस्य करणानि च ।
तस्मात्तन्मात्रमादद्याद्यावदत्र प्रयोजनम् ॥ १२.२१९.२६ ॥
Aversion arises in his senses toward their objects. Therefore one should take only as much as the purpose here requires.
12.219.27
अन्तकाले बलोत्कर्षाच्छनैः कुर्यादनातुरः ।
एवं युक्तेन मनसा ज्ञानं यदुपपद्यते ॥ १२.२१९.२७ ॥
At the time of death, when strength increases, one should proceed slowly, undistressed. Thus, with a composed mind, the knowledge that arises is attained.
12.219.28
रजोवर्ज्यो ह्ययं देही देहवाञ्छब्दवांश्चरेत् ।
कार्यैरव्याहतमतिर्वैराग्यात्प्रकृतौ स्थितः ॥ १२.२१९.२८ ॥
This embodied self, free of rajas, should move about bearing a body and possessing speech. With undisturbed intellect even amid actions, and through dispassion, let him remain established in nature.
12.219.29
आ देहादप्रमादाच्च देहान्ताद्विप्रमुच्यते ।
हेतुयुक्तः सदा सार्गो भूतानां प्रलयस्तथा ॥ १२.२१९.२९ ॥
From the body onward, through vigilance, until the end of the body, one is fully released. The creation and dissolution of beings are likewise always joined to a cause.
12.219.30
परप्रत्ययसर्गे तु नियमो नातिवर्तते ।
एवं तत्प्रभवां प्रज्ञामासते ये विषर्यये ॥ १२.२१९.३० ॥
In creation dependent on another, the rule is not transgressed. Those who abide in the wisdom born of that, remain steady even in reversal.
12.219.31
धृत्या देहान्धारयन्तो बुद्धिसंक्षिप्तचेतसः ।
स्थानेभ्यो ध्वंसमानाश्च सूक्ष्मत्वात्तदुपासते ॥ १२.२१९.३१ ॥
Holding their bodies by steadiness, their minds drawn inward by intellect, slipping from their places, they worship it because of its subtlety.
12.219.32
यथागमं च तत्सर्वं बुद्ध्या तन्नैव बुद्ध्यते ।
देहान्तं कश्चिदन्वास्ते भावितात्मा निराश्रयः ॥ १२.२१९.३२ ॥
According to the scriptures, all of that is not at all grasped by intellect; until the end of the body someone remains, a self-cultivated one, without support.
12.219.33
युक्तो धारणया कश्चित्सतः केचिदुपासते ।
अभ्यस्यन्ति परं देवं विद्यासंशब्दिताक्षरम् ॥ १२.२१९.३३ ॥
Some, devoted to concentration, and some of the wise worship; they practise the supreme god, the imperishable named by knowledge.
12.219.34
अन्तकाले ह्युपासन्ते तपसा दग्धकिल्विषाः ।
सर्व एते महात्मानो गच्छन्ति परमां गतिम् ॥ १२.२१९.३४ ॥
At the time of death they worship it; these great-souled ones, whose sins are burned away by austerity, all go to the highest goal.
12.219.35
सूक्ष्मं विशेषणं तेषामवेक्षेच्छास्त्रचक्षुषा ।
देहं तु परमं विद्याद्विमुक्तमपरिग्रहम् ॥ १२.२१९.३५ ॥
Their subtle distinguishing mark one should observe with the eye of scripture; and the body one should know as supreme, freed and without attachment.
12.219.36
अन्तरिक्षादन्यतरं धारणासक्तमानसम् ।
मर्त्यलोकाद्विमुच्यन्ते विद्यासंसक्तचेतसः ॥ १२.२१९.३६ ॥
One of those from the sky, with mind attached to concentration; those whose minds are bound to knowledge are freed from the mortal world.
12.219.37
ब्रह्मभूता विरजसस्ततो यान्ति परां गतिम् ।
एवमेकायनं धर्ममाहुर्वेदविदो जनाः ॥ १२.२१९.३७ ॥
Having become one with Brahman and free from passion, they then attain the highest goal. Thus the knowers of the Vedas declare this single path to be dharma.
12.219.38
यथाज्ञानमुपासन्तः सर्वे यान्ति परां गतिम् ।
कषायवर्जितं…तेषामुत्पद्यतेऽमलम्।
यान्ति तेऽपि… कान्विशुध्यन्ति यथाबलं ॥ १२.२१९.३८ ॥
All who worship according to their knowledge attain the highest goal. In them, from the one free of impurity… a stainless state arises. They too… by which they are purified according to their strength.
12.219.39
भगवन्तमजं दिव्य विष्णुमव्यक्तसंज्ञितम् ।
भावेन यान्ति शुद्धा ये ज्ञानतृप्ता निराशिषः ॥ १२.२१९.३९ ॥
The blessed unborn divine Viṣṇu, called the Unmanifest — those who are purified by devotion, satisfied with knowledge, and free from desire, attain him.
12.219.40
ज्ञात्वाऽऽत्मस्थं… न निवर्तन्ति तेऽव्ययाः ।
प्राप्य तत्परमं स्थानमोदन्तेऽक्षरमव्ययम् ॥ १२.२१९.४० ॥
Having known him who dwells in the self… those imperishable ones do not return. Having attained that supreme abode, they rejoice in the imperishable, the undecaying syllable.
12.219.41
एतावदेतद्विज्ञानमेतदस्ति च नास्ति च ।
तृष्णाबद्धं जगत्सर्वं चक्रवत्परिवर्तते ॥ १२.२१९.४१ ॥
This much is this knowledge: it is, and it is not. The whole world, bound by craving, revolves like a wheel.
12.219.42
विसतन्तुर्यथैवायमन्तस्थः सर्वतो बिसे ।
तृष्णातन्तुरनाद्यन्तस्तथा देहगतः सदा ॥ १२.२१९.४२ ॥
Just as the fibre of a lotus stalk, lying within, extends on every side, so the thread of craving, without beginning or end, always abides in the body.
12.219.43
सूच्या सूत्रं यथा वस्त्रे संसारयति वायकः ।
तद्वत्संसारसूत्रं हि तृष्णासूच्या निबद्ध्यते ॥ १२.२१९.४३ ॥
As a weaver stitches thread into cloth with a needle, so the thread of saṃsāra is bound fast by the needle of craving.
12.219.44
इतस्ततः समाहृत्य रूपं निर्वर्तयिष्यति ।
विकारं प्रकृतिं चैव पुरुषं च सनातनम् ॥ १२.२१९.४४ ॥
Gathering it together from here and there, he will bring forth form, modification, primal nature, and the eternal person (puruṣa).
12.219.45
यो यथावद्विजानाति स वितृष्णो विमुच्यते ।
याति नित्यं स सद्भावमात्मनो वै महद्भुवम् ॥ १२.२१९.४५ ॥
He who truly understands this, free from craving, is liberated; he always attains the true state of the self, that great condition.
12.219.46
प्रकाशं भगवानेतदृषिर्नारायणोऽमृतम् ।
भूतानामनुकम्पार्थं जगाद जगतो हितम् ॥ १२.२१९.४६ ॥
The blessed sage Nārāyaṇa openly declared this immortal teaching, out of compassion for beings, for the welfare of the world.