Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.222
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12.222.1
जनको नरदेवस्तु ज्ञापितः परमर्षिणा ।
पुनरेवानुपप्रच्छ सांपराये भवाभवौ ॥ १२.२२२.१ ॥
King Janaka, though instructed by the supreme sage, asked again about existence and non-existence in the life after death.
12.222.2
भगवन्यदि न प्रेत्य संज्ञा भवति कस्यचित् ।
एवं सति किमज्ञानं ज्ञानं वा किं करिष्यति ॥ १२.२२२.२ ॥
Venerable sir, if after death no one retains consciousness, then what will ignorance do, or knowledge either?
12.222.3
सर्वमुच्छेदनिष्ठं स्यात्पश्य चैतद्द्विजोत्तम ।
अप्रमत्तः प्रमत्तो वा किं विशेषं करिष्यति ॥ १२.२२२.३ ॥
Best of the twice-born, see that everything ends in annihilation. Whether one is vigilant or heedless, what difference will that make?
12.222.4
असंसर्गो हि भूतेषु संसर्गो वा विनाशिषु ।
कस्मै क्रियेत तत्वेन निश्चयः कोऽत्र तत्त्वतः ॥ १२.२२२.४ ॥
Non-attachment to beings, or attachment to perishable things: for whom should this be truly settled? Here, what is the certainty in truth?
12.222.5
तमसा हि प्रतिच्छन्नं विभ्रान्तमिव चातुरम् ।
पुनः प्रशमयन्वाक्यैः कविः पञ्चशिखोऽब्रवीत् ॥ १२.२२२.५ ॥
Calming again with words the one who, shrouded in darkness, seemed bewildered and troubled, the sage Pañcaśikha spoke.
12.222.6
उच्छेदनिष्ठा नेहास्ति भा निष्ठा न विद्यते ।
अयं ह्यपि समाहारः शरीरेन्द्रियचेतसाम्।
वर्तते पृथगन्योन्यमप्यपाश्रित्य कर्मसु ॥ १२.२२२.६ ॥
Here there is no certainty resting in annihilation, nor is any certainty found resting in light. This combination is of body, senses and mind; though separate, they operate in actions, each depending upon the others.
12.222.7
धावतः पञ्च तेषां तु खं वायुर्ज्योतिरम्बु भूः ।
ते स्वभावेन तिष्ठन्ति वियुज्यन्ते स्वभावतः ॥ १२.२२२.७ ॥
Of the one who runs, these five are: space, air, fire, water and earth. They remain by their own nature and separate by their own nature.
12.222.8
आकाशो वायुरूष्मा च स्नेहो यश्चापि पार्थिवः ।
एष पञ्चसमाहारः शरीरमपि नैकधा ॥ १२.२२२.८ ॥
Space, air, heat, moisture, and whatever is earthly: this is the gathering of the five; the body too is not of one kind.
12.222.9
अहं वाच्यं द्विजानां यद्विशिष्टं बुद्धिरूपवत् ।
वाचामगोचरं नित्यं ज्ञेयमेवं भविष्यति ॥ १२.२२२.९ ॥
I shall speak of what is distinctive to the twice-born, which has the form of intellect; it is ever beyond the reach of speech, and thus it will be known.
12.222.10
ज्ञानं ज्ञेयं तथा ज्ञानं त्रिविधं ज्ञानमुच्यते ।
ज्ञानमूष्मा च वायुश्च त्रिविधः कर्मसंग्रहः ॥ १२.२२२.१० ॥
Knowledge, the knowable, and likewise knowledge: knowledge is said to be threefold. Knowledge, heat and air: the gathering of actions is threefold.
12.222.11
इन्द्रियाणीन्द्रियार्थाश्च स्वभावश्चेतना मनः ।
प्राणापानौ विकारश्च धातवश्चात्र निःसृताः ॥ १२.२२२.११ ॥
The senses, the objects of the senses, nature, consciousness, the mind, breath and the downward breath, modification and the constituents: these have emerged from here.
12.222.12
प्राणादयस्तथा स्पर्शा न संबाधगतास्तथा ।
पुत्राधीनं भविष्येत चिन्मात्रः स परः पुमान् ॥ १२.२२२.१२ ॥
Breath and the rest, and the touches, are not lodged in a narrow place; likewise it would be dependent on sons. That supreme person is pure consciousness alone.
12.222.13
श्रवणं स्पर्शनं जिह्वा दृष्टिर्नासा तथैव च ।
इन्द्रियाणीति पञ्चैते चित्तपूर्वगमा गुणाः ॥ १२.२२२.१३ ॥
Hearing, touch, tongue, sight, and smell — these are the five senses, whose qualities proceed with the mind in front.
12.222.14
तत्र विज्ञानसंयुक्ता त्रिविधा चेतना ध्रुवा ।
सुखदुःखेति यामाहुरदुःखेत्यसुखेति च ॥ १२.२२२.१४ ॥
There, threefold consciousness joined with understanding is steady; it is called pleasure and pain, and also neither-pain and neither-pleasure.
12.222.15
शब्दः स्पर्शश्च रूपं च रसो गन्धश्च मूर्तयः ।
एते ह्यामरणात्पञ्च षङ्गुणा ज्ञानसिद्धये ॥ १२.२२२.१५ ॥
Sound, touch, form, taste and smell are the embodied objects; these five, together with the sixth quality, serve the attainment of knowledge until death.
12.222.16
तेषु कर्मविसर्गश्च सर्वतत्वार्थनिश्चयः ।
तमाहुः परमं शुक्रं पारे च रजसः प्रभुम् ॥ १२.२२२.१६ ॥
In these there is the release of action and certainty about the meaning of all principles; that they call the supreme, pure lord beyond passion.
12.222.17
विरागाद्वर्तते तस्मिन्मतो रजसि नित्यगम् ।
तस्मिन्प्रसन्ने संपश्ये द्वुद्धिरित्यव्ययं महत् ॥ १२.२२२.१७ ॥
From dispassion it abides in him, which is regarded as ever moving in passion; when he is serene, one should see it fully: this intellect is imperishable and great.
12.222.18
इमं गुणसमाहारमात्मभावेन पश्यतः ।
असम्यद्गर्शिनो दुःखमनन्तं नोपशाम्यति ॥ १२.२२२.१८ ॥
For one who sees this aggregate of qualities as his own self, and does not see rightly, the endless suffering is not allayed.
12.222.19
तस्मादेतेषु मेधावी न प्रसज्येत बुद्धिमान् ।
अनात्मेति च यद्दृष्टं तन्नाहं न ममेत्यपि।
वर्तते किमधिष्ठाना प्रसक्ता दुःखसंततिः ॥ १२.२२२.१९ ॥
Therefore the wise and intelligent one should not cling to these things. On what basis does that which is seen as 'not-self', and as 'I am not, nor is it mine', persist — so that the unbroken stream of suffering clings on?
12.222.20
यत्र सम्यङ्भनो नाम त्यागमात्रमनुत्तमम् ।
शृणु यत्तव मोक्षाय भाष्यमाणं भविष्यति ॥ १२.२२२.२० ॥
Where 'right-mind' by name, mere renunciation is the supreme thing — hear what will now be spoken for your liberation.
12.222.21
त्याग एव हि सर्वेषां युक्तानामपि कर्मणाम् ।
नित्यदुःखविनीतानां श्लेषो दुःखवहो हतः ॥ १२.२२२.२१ ॥
For all, even those engaged in actions, renunciation alone is what matters. For those constantly disciplined by suffering, the attachment that bears suffering is destroyed.
12.222.22
द्रव्यत्यागे तु कर्माणि भोगत्यागे व्रतान्यपि ।
सुखत्यागे तपोयोगं सर्वत्यागे समापना ॥ १२.२२२.२२ ॥
In giving up possessions there are actions; in giving up enjoyment, vows as well. In giving up happiness, the yoga of austerity; in giving up everything, one attains (liberation).
12.222.23
तस्य मार्गोऽयमद्वैधः सर्वत्यागस्य दर्शितः ।
विप्रहाणाय दुःखस्य दुर्गतिस्त्वन्यथा भवेत् ॥ १२.२२२.२३ ॥
This non-dual path of total renunciation has been shown for that purpose: the complete abandonment of suffering. Otherwise there would be a bad destiny.
12.222.24
शेते जरामृत्युभयैर्विमुक्तः ।
क्षीणे पुण्ये विगते च पापे।
तपोनिमित्ते विगते च निष्ठे ।
फले यथाऽऽकाशमलिङ्ग एव ॥ १२.२२२.२४ ॥
Freed from the fears of old age and death, he rests. When merit is exhausted, sin is past, and the cause of austerity and the steadfast state have passed, he remains in the fruit, like space, without marks.
12.222.25
पञ्चज्ञानेन्द्रियाण्युक्त्वा मनःषष्ठानि चेतसि ।
मनःषष्ठानि वक्ष्यामि पञ्चकर्मेन्द्रियाणि तु ॥ १२.२२२.२५ ॥
Having spoken of the five sense-organs of knowledge in the mind, with the mind as the sixth, I will now speak of the five organs of action, with the mind as the sixth.
12.222.26
हस्तौ कर्मेन्द्रियं ज्ञेयमथ पादौ गतीन्द्रियम् ।
प्रजनानन्दयोः शेफो निसर्गे पायुरिन्द्रियम् ॥ १२.२२२.२६ ॥
The two hands are to be known as organs of action, and the two feet as the organ of locomotion. The genital organ serves generation and pleasure, and the anus is the organ of excretion.
12.222.27
वाक्च शब्दविशेषार्थं गतिं पञ्चान्वितां विदुः ।
एवमेकादशैतानि बुद्ध्या तूपहतं मनः ॥ १२.२२२.२७ ॥
Speech is known for the special purpose of sound; motion, they say, is joined with the five. Thus these are eleven, and by the intellect the mind is disturbed.
12.222.28
कर्णौ शब्दश्च चित्तं च त्रयः श्रवणसंग्रहे ।
तथा स्पर्शे तथा रूपे तथैव रसगन्धयोः ॥ १२.२२२.२८ ॥
The two ears, sound, and the mind—these three belong to the grasp of hearing. So too in touch, so too in form, and likewise in taste and smell.
12.222.29
एवं पञ्चत्रिका ह्येते गुणास्तदुपलब्धये ।
येनायं त्रिविधो भावः पर्यायात्समुंपस्थितः ॥ १२.२२२.२९ ॥
Thus these are the three fivefold sets of qualities, for their apprehension, by which this threefold state arises in turn.
12.222.30
सात्विको राजसश्चापि तामसश्चापि ते त्रयः ।
त्रिविधा वेदना येषु प्रसूताः सर्वसाधनाः ॥ १२.२२२.३० ॥
Sattvic, rajasic, and tamasic—these three. In them arise threefold sensations, and all the means.
12.222.31
प्रहर्षः प्रीतिरानन्दः सुखं संशान्तचित्तता ।
अकुतश्चित्कुतश्चिद्वा चिन्तितः सात्विको गुणः ॥ १२.२२२.३१ ॥
Joy, delight, bliss, happiness, and tranquillity of mind — whether arising without cause or from some cause — these are to be known as the quality of sattva.
12.222.32
अतुष्टिः परितापश्च शोको लोभस्तथाऽक्षमा ।
लिङ्गानि रजसस्तानि दृश्यन्ते हेत्वहेतुतः ॥ १२.२२२.३२ ॥
Discontent, anguish, sorrow, greed, and impatience — these are the marks of rajas, seen whether with cause or without cause.
12.222.33
अविवेकस्तथा मोहः प्रमादः स्वप्नतन्द्रिता ।
कथंचिदपि वर्तन्ते विविधास्तामसा गुणाः ॥ १२.२२२.३३ ॥
Lack of discernment, delusion, heedlessness, sleep, and drowsiness — these are the various qualities of tamas, which somehow persist.
12.222.34
तत्र यत्प्रीतिसंयुक्तं काये मनसि वा भवेत् ।
वर्तते सात्विको भाव इत्यपेक्षेत तत्तथा ॥ १२.२२२.३४ ॥
Whatever, joined with delight, arises in the body or the mind — that is a sattvic state, and it should be regarded as such.
12.222.35
यत्तु सन्तापसंयुक्तमप्रीतिकरमात्मनः ।
प्रवृत्तं रज इत्येवं ततस्तदपि चिन्तयेत् ॥ १२.२२२.३५ ॥
But whatever, joined with distress and unwelcome to oneself, arises as activity — that is rajas, and it should be considered in the same way.
12.222.36
अथ यन्मोहसंयुक्तं काये मनसि वा भवेत् ।
अप्रतर्क्यमविज्ञेयं तमस्तदुपधारयेत् ॥ १२.२२२.३६ ॥
Now, whatever, joined with delusion, arises in the body or the mind, beyond reasoning and unknowable — that should be recognised as tamas.
12.222.37
श्रोत्रं व्योमाश्रितं भूतं शब्दः श्रोत्रं समाश्रितः ।
नोभयं शब्दविज्ञाने विज्ञानस्तेतरस्य वा ॥ १२.२२२.३७ ॥
The ear is an element resting in space, and sound rests upon the ear; in the knowing of sound, neither of these two is the knower, or the knower belongs to the other.
12.222.38
एवं त्वक्चक्षुषी जिह्वा नासिका चेति पञ्चमी ।
स्पर्शे रूपे रसे गन्धे तानि चेतो मनश्च तत् ॥ १२.२२२.३८ ॥
So too the skin, the two eyes, the tongue, and the nose, the fifth; these are for touch, form, taste and smell; these, together with the mind and thought, are that.
12.222.39
स्वकर्मयुगपद्भावो दशस्वेतेषु तिष्ठति ।
चित्तमेकादशं विद्धि बुद्धिर्द्वादशमी भवेत् ॥ १२.२२२.३९ ॥
The simultaneous operation of each one's own function abides in these ten; know the mind as the eleventh, and the intellect becomes the twelfth.
12.222.40
तेषामयुगपद्भाव उच्छेदो नास्ति तामसः ।
आस्थितो युगपद्भावे व्यवहारः स लौकिकः ॥ १२.२२२.४० ॥
Their non-simultaneous operation is not destruction, nor is it of the nature of tamas; the conduct that rests upon simultaneous operation is the worldly one.
12.222.41
इन्द्रियाण्युपसृत्यापि दृष्ट्वा पूर्वं श्रुतागमात् ।
चिन्तयन्ननुपर्येति त्रिभिरेवान्वितो गुणैः ॥ १२.२२२.४१ ॥
Approaching the senses, having first seen and from heard tradition, reflecting, one goes about endowed with just these three qualities.
12.222.42
यत्तमोपहतं चित्तमाशुसंचारमध्रुवम् ।
करोत्युपरमं काये तदाहुस्तामसं सुखम् ॥ १२.२२२.४२ ॥
The mind struck by tamas, quick-wandering and unsteady, brings about cessation in the body; that they call tamasic happiness.
12.222.43
यद्यदागमसंयुक्तं न कृच्छ्रादुपशाम्यति ।
अथ तत्राप्युपादत्ते तमो व्यक्तमिवानृतम् ॥ १२.२२२.४३ ॥
Whatever is joined to scripture is with difficulty calmed; then even there ignorance takes hold, as if it were plain falsehood.
12.222.44
एवमेव प्रसङ्ख्यातः स्वकर्मप्रत्ययो गुणः ।
कथंचिद्वर्तते सम्यक्केषांचिद्वा निवर्तते ॥ १२.२२२.४४ ॥
In just this way the quality born of one's own action is reckoned: it persists somehow, or in some it fully ceases.
12.222.45
अहमित्येष वै भावो नान्यत्र प्रतितिष्ठति ।
यस्य भावो दृढो नित्यं स वै विद्वांस्तथेतरः ॥ १२.२२२.४५ ॥
This notion of 'I' alone truly remains and is established nowhere else. He whose notion is always firm is the wise one; the other is not so.
12.222.46
देहधर्मस्तथा नित्यं सर्वभूतेषु वै दृढः ।
एतेनैवानुमानेन त्याज्यो धर्मस्तथा ह्यसौ ॥ १२.२२२.४६ ॥
The duty of the body likewise is always firm in all beings; by this very inference that duty too is to be abandoned.
12.222.47
ज्ञानेन मुच्यते जन्तुर्धर्मात्मा ज्ञानवान्भवेत् ।
धर्मेण धार्यते लोकः सर्वं धर्मे प्रतिष्ठितम् ॥ १२.२२२.४७ ॥
By knowledge a living being is freed; let the righteous-souled one become possessed of knowledge. By dharma the world is upheld; everything is established in dharma.
12.222.48
सर्वार्थजनकश्चैव धर्मः सर्वस्य कारणम् ।
सर्वो हि दृश्यते लोके न सर्वार्थः कथंचन ॥ १२.२२२.४८ ॥
Dharma alone is the producer of all aims and the cause of all; in the world everything is seen, yet all aims are by no means seen.
12.222.49
सर्वत्यागे कृते तस्मात्परमात्मा प्रसीदति ।
व्यक्तादव्यक्तमतुलं लोकेषु परिवर्तते ॥ १२.२२२.४९ ॥
When all is renounced, the Supreme Self is pleased; from the manifest to the unmanifest, incomparably, he turns about in the worlds.
12.222.50
एतदाहुः समाहारं क्षेत्रमध्यात्मचिन्तकाः ।
स्थितो मनसि यो भावः स वै क्षेत्रज्ञ उच्यते ॥ १२.२२२.५० ॥
Those who reflect on the self call this the aggregate of the field; the state that abides in the mind is called the knower of the field.
12.222.51
एवं सति क उच्छेदः शाश्वतो वा कथं भवेत् ।
स्वभावाद्वर्तमानेषु सर्वभूतेषु हेतुषु ॥ १२.२२२.५१ ॥
If this is so, what is destruction, or how could there be permanence, among all beings that exist by their own nature, among causes?
12.222.52
यथार्णवगता नद्यो व्यक्तीर्जहति नाम च ।
नतु स्वतां नियच्छन्ति तादृशः सत्वसंक्षयः ॥ १२.२२२.५२ ॥
As rivers that have gone into the ocean give up their forms and names, yet do not retain their own identity, so is the dissolution of beings.
12.222.53
एवं सति कुतः संज्ञा प्रेत्यभावे पुनर्भवेत् ।
प्रतिसंमिश्रिते जीवे गृह्यमाणे च सर्वतः ॥ १२.२२२.५३ ॥
If this is so, how could there be a name for rebirth after death, when the living self is mixed back in and is grasped from all sides?
12.222.54
इमां च यो वेद विमोक्षबुद्धि ।
मात्मानमन्विच्छति चाप्रमत्तः।
न लिप्यते कर्मफलैरनिष्टैः ।
पत्रं बिसस्येव जलेन सिक्तम् ॥ १२.२२२.५४ ॥
He who knows this mind of liberation and, heedful, seeks the self, is not stained by unwelcome fruits of action, as a leaf of the lotus stalk is not wetted when sprinkled with water.
12.222.55
दृढैर्हि पाशैर्बहुभिर्विमुक्तः ।
प्रजानिमित्तैरपि दैवतैश्च।
यदा ह्यसौ सुखदुःखे जहाति ।
मुक्तस्तदाग्र्यां गतिमेत्यलिङ्गः ॥ १२.२२२.५५ ॥
When a man, freed from the many firm bonds, those caused by creatures and even by the gods, abandons pleasure and pain, then liberated and without marks he attains the highest goal.
12.222.56
मास्थाय पश्यन्ति महत्यसक्ताः ॥ १२.२२२.५६ ॥
Those who are unattached, resorting to the great one, see it.
12.222.57
यथोर्णनाभिः परिवर्तमान ।
स्तन्तुक्षये तिष्ठति पात्यमानः।
तथा विमुक्तः प्रजहाति दुःखं ।
बिध्वंसते लोष्ठ इवाद्रिमृच्छन् ॥ १२.२२२.५७ ॥
As a spider, turning about, when its thread is spent, hangs suspended, so the liberated one abandons sorrow; as a clod of earth struck against a rock is shattered, so it is destroyed.
12.222.58
यथा रुरुः शृङ्गमथो पुराणं ।
हित्वा त्वचं वाऽप्युरगो यथा च।
विहाय गच्छत्यनवेक्षमाण ।
स्तथा विमुक्तो विजहाति दुःखम् ॥ १२.२२२.५८ ॥
As the ruru deer casts off its old horn, or the serpent its skin, and goes away without looking back, so the liberated one abandons sorrow.
12.222.59
द्रुमं यथावाऽप्युदकै पतन्त ।
मुत्सृज्य पक्षी निपतत्यसक्तः।
तथा ह्यसौ सुखदुःखे विहाय ।
मुक्तः पराद्धर्यां गतिमेत्यलिङ्गः ॥ १२.२२२.५९ ॥
As a bird, unattached, leaves a tree that is falling into the water and alights elsewhere, so he, abandoning pleasure and pain, liberated and without marks, attains the supreme goal.
12.222.60
ह्यहं तदन्तर्ह्यहमेव भोक्ता ॥ १२.२२२.६० ॥
I am that; within, I myself am the enjoyer.
12.222.61
अपिच भवति मैथिलेन गीतं ।
नगरमुपाहितमग्निनाऽभिवीक्ष्य।
न खलु मम तुषोऽपि दह्यतेऽत्र ।
स्वयमिदमाह किल स्म भूमिपालः ॥ १२.२२२.६१ ॥
Moreover, the king of Mithilā sang: having seen the city encircled and burning in fire, he himself said, 'Not even my husk is burned here.'
12.222.62
इदममृतपदं विदेहराजा ।
स्वयमिह पञ्चशिखेन भाष्यमाणम्।
निखिलमभिसमीक्ष्य निश्चितार्थः ।
परमसुखी विजहार वीतशोकः ॥ १२.२२२.६२ ॥
The king of Videha, having fully considered this immortal state as spoken here by Pañcaśikha, resolved in purpose, free from grief, dwelt in supreme happiness.
12.222.63
इमं हि यः पठति विमोक्षनिश्चयं ।
महीपते सततमवेक्षते तथा।
उपद्रवान्नानुभवत्यदुःखितः ।
प्रमुच्यते कपिलमिवैत्य मैथिलः ॥ १२.२२२.६३ ॥
O lord of the earth, he who recites this resolve of liberation and constantly contemplates it, unafflicted, does not experience calamities, and is released, just as the Mithilan king, having approached Kapila, was released.