Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.226
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12.226.1
द्विजातयो व्रतोपेता यदिदं भुञ्जते हविः ।
अन्नं ब्राह्मणकामाय कथमेतत्पितामह ॥ १२.२२६.१ ॥
Grandsire, how is it that the twice-born, endowed with vows, eat this oblation and food out of desire to please the brahmins?
12.226.2
अवेदोक्तव्रतोपेता भुञ्जानाः कार्यकारिणः ।
वेदोक्तेषु च भुञ्जाना व्रतलुब्धा युधिष्ठिर ॥ १२.२२६.२ ॥
Those who eat endowed with vows not enjoined by the Veda are doers of their own duties; but those who eat in what the Veda enjoins are greedy for vows, Yudhiṣṭhira.
12.226.3
यदिदं तप इत्याहुरुपवासं पृथग्जनाः ।
एतत्तपो महाराज उताहो किं तपो भवेत् ॥ १२.२२६.३ ॥
What the common people call austerity, namely fasting — is this austerity, great king, or might some other thing be austerity?
12.226.4
मासपक्षोपवासेन मन्यन्ते यत्तपो जनाः ।
आत्मतन्त्रोघातस्तु न तपस्तत्सतां मतम् ॥ १२.२२६.४ ॥
People think that austerity lies in fasting for months and fortnights; but wasting one's own bodily system is not austerity — such is the opinion of the good.
12.226.5
त्यागश्च सन्नतिश्चैव शिष्यते तप उत्तमम् ।
सदोपवासी स भवेद्ब्रह्मचारी सदा भवेत् ॥ १२.२२६.५ ॥
Renunciation and humility remain taught as the supreme austerity; he should always be a faster and always a celibate student.
12.226.6
मुनिश्च स्यात्सदा विप्रो दैवतं च सदा भवेत् ।
कुटुम्बिको धर्मपरः सदाऽस्वप्नश्च भारत ॥ १२.२२६.६ ॥
The brahmin should always be a sage and always be like a deity; he should be a householder, always intent on dharma, and always sleepless, O Bhārata.
12.226.7
अमांसादी सदा च स्यात्पवित्री च सदा भवेत् ।
अमृताशी सदा च स्यान्न च स्याद्विषभोजनः ॥ १२.२२६.७ ॥
One should always abstain from meat and always be pure; one should always eat the nectar-food and never eat poison-food.
12.226.8
विधसाशी सदा च स्यात्सदा चैवातिथिप्रियः ।
श्रद्दधानः सदा च स्याद्देवताद्विजपूजकः ॥ १२.२२६.८ ॥
One should always eat what remains after sacrifice, always be fond of guests, always be faithful, and honour the gods and the twice-born.
12.226.9
कथं सदोपवासी स्याद्ब्रह्मचारी कथं भवेत् ।
विघसाशी कथं च स्यात्सदा चैवातिथिप्रियः ॥ १२.२२६.९ ॥
How should one always be a faster, how should one be a celibate, how should one eat the remnants, and how should one always be fond of guests?
12.226.10
अन्तरा प्रातराशं च सायमाशं तथैव च ।
सदोपवासी स भवेद्यो न भुङ्क्तेऽन्तरा पुनः ॥ १२.२२६.१० ॥
He who, between the morning meal and the evening meal, does not eat again, is always a faster.
12.226.11
भार्यां गच्छन्ब्रह्मचारी ऋतौ भवति ब्राह्मणः ।
ऋतवादी भवेन्नित्यं ज्ञाननित्यश्च यो नरः ॥ १२.२२६.११ ॥
A brahmin who approaches his wife only in her fertile season becomes a celibate; and the man who always speaks truth and is always constant in knowledge.
12.226.12
न भक्षयेद्वृथा मांसममांसाशी भवत्यपि ।
दाननित्यः पवित्रीस्यादस्वप्नश्च दिवाऽस्वपन् ॥ १२.२२६.१२ ॥
One should not eat meat needlessly; one who does so becomes a non-meat-eater even though he is not one. He who is always constant in giving becomes pure; and he who does not sleep by day is one who does not sleep.
12.226.13
भृत्यातिथिषु यो भुङ्क्ते भुक्तवत्सु सदा नरः ।
अमृतं केवलं भुङ्क्ते इति विद्धि युधिष्ठिर ॥ १२.२२६.१३ ॥
O Yudhiṣṭhira, know that the man who always eats after the servants and guests have eaten, eats only nectar.
12.226.14
अभुक्तवत्सु भुञ्जानो विषमश्नाति वै द्विजः ।
अदत्त्वा योऽतिथिभ्योऽन्नं न भुङ्क्ते सोतिथिप्रियः।
अभुक्त्वा दैवतेभ्यश्च यो न भुङ्क्ते सदैवतम् ॥ १२.२२६.१४ ॥
A twice-born man who eats before they have eaten, eats poison indeed. He who does not eat without giving food to guests is dear to guests. He who does not eat without first offering to the gods, eats together with the gods.
12.226.15
देवताभ्यः पितृभ्यश्च भृत्येभ्योऽतिथिभिः सह ।
अवशिष्टं तु योऽश्नाति तमाहुर्विघसाशिनम् ॥ १२.२२६.१५ ॥
He who eats the remainder, together with the gods, the ancestors, the servants and the guests, is called a vighasāśin, an eater of remnants.
12.226.16
तेषां लोका ह्यपर्यन्ताः सदने ब्रह्मणा सह ।
उपस्थिताश्चाप्सरोभिः परियान्ति दिवौकसः ॥ १२.२२६.१६ ॥
Their worlds are endless; they dwell in Brahmā's abode together with him, and attended by apsarases the heavenly dwellers move about.
12.226.17
देवताभिश्च ये सार्धं पितृभ्यश्चोपभुञ्जते ।
रमन्ते पुत्रपौत्रैश्च तेषां गतिरनुत्तमा ॥ १२.२२६.१७ ॥
Those who partake together with the gods and the ancestors delight with sons and grandsons; their destination is unsurpassed.