Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.241
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12.241.1
त्रयीं विद्यामवेक्षेत वेदेपूत्तमतां गतः ।
ऋक्सामवर्णाक्षरतो यजुषोऽथर्वणस्तथा ॥ १२.२४१.१ ॥
One who has attained unsurpassed mastery of the Vedas should contemplate the threefold knowledge, from the letters and syllables of the Ṛg, Sāman, Yajus and likewise Atharva.
12.241.2
तिष्ठत्येतेषु भगवान्षट्सु कर्मसु संस्थितः ।
वेदवादेषु कुशला ह्यध्यात्मकुशलाश्च ये ॥ १२.२४१.२ ॥
The blessed one remains established in these six rites; so too those who are skilled in the sayings of the Vedas and skilled in the inner self.
12.241.3
सत्ववन्तो महाभागाः पश्यन्ति प्रभवाप्ययौ ।
एवं धर्मेण वर्तेत क्रियाः शिष्टवदाचरेत् ॥ १२.२४१.३ ॥
The great-fortuned, possessed of goodness, see the origin and the dissolution. Thus one should conduct oneself by dharma and perform one's rites as the virtuous do.
12.241.4
असंरोधेन भूतानां वृत्तिं लिप्सेत वै द्विजः ।
सद्भ्य आगतविज्ञानः शिष्टः शास्त्रविचक्षणः ॥ १२.२४१.४ ॥
The twice-born should seek livelihood without obstructing beings; having gained knowledge from the good, he should be virtuous and skilled in the scriptures.
12.241.5
स्वधर्मेण क्रिया लोके कुर्वाणः सोऽप्यसङ्करः ।
तिष्ठते तेषु गृहवान्षट्सु कर्मसु स द्विजः ॥ १२.२४१.५ ॥
One who performs rites in the world by his own dharma remains unmixed as well; that householder twice-born stands firm in these six rites.
12.241.6
पञ्चभिः सततं यज्ञैः श्रद्दधानो यजेत च ।
धृतिमानप्रमत्तश्च दान्तो धर्मविदात्मवान्।
वीतहर्षमदक्रोधो ब्राह्मणो नावसीदति ॥ १२.२४१.६ ॥
Full of faith, he should always sacrifice with the five sacrifices; the brahmin who is steadfast, heedful, self-controlled, knowing dharma, self-possessed, free from joy, pride and anger, does not sink.
12.241.7
दानमध्ययनं यज्ञस्तपो ह्रीरार्जवं दमः ।
एतैर्विवर्धते तेजः पाप्मानं चापकर्षति ॥ १२.२४१.७ ॥
Giving, study, sacrifice, austerity, modesty, uprightness and self-restraint — by these radiance grows, and sin is drawn away.
12.241.8
धूतपाप्मा च मेधावी लघ्वाहारो जितेन्द्रियः ।
कामक्रोधौ वशे कृत्वा निनीषेद्ब्रह्मणः पदम् ॥ १२.२४१.८ ॥
One whose sins are shaken off, wise, eating lightly, master of the senses — having brought desire and anger under control, let him aspire to the state of Brahman.
12.241.9
अग्नींश्च ब्राह्मणांश्चार्चेद्देवताः प्रणमेत च ।
वर्जयेदुशतीं वाचं हिंसां चाधर्मसंहिताम् ॥ १२.२४१.९ ॥
Let him honour the fires and the brahmins, and bow to the gods; let him avoid harsh speech and violence joined with unrighteousness.
12.241.10
एषा पूर्वतरा वृत्तिर्ब्राह्मणस्य विधीयते ।
ज्ञानागमेन कर्माणि कुर्वन्कर्मसु सिद्ध्यति ॥ १२.२४१.१० ॥
This is the earlier conduct prescribed for a brahmin: acting through knowledge and tradition, he attains success in his actions.
12.241.11
पञ्चेन्द्रियजलां घोरां लोभकूलां सुदुस्तराम् ।
मन्युपङ्कामनाधृष्यां नदीं तरति बुद्धिमान् ॥ १२.२४१.११ ॥
The wise man crosses the river — terrible, with the five senses for its waters, greed for its banks, anger for its mud, very hard to cross and not to be assailed.
12.241.12
कालमभ्युद्यतं पश्येन्नित्यमत्यन्तमोहनम् ॥ १२.२४१.१२ ॥
One should always see time as it rises up — utterly bewildering.
12.241.13
महता विधिदृष्टेन बलिनाऽप्रतिघातिना ।
स्वभावस्रोतसा वृत्तमुह्यते सततं जगत् ॥ १२.२४१.१३ ॥
Borne ever onward by the great stream of nature, seen by ordained fate, mighty and irresistible, the world is carried along.
12.241.14
कालोदकेन महता वर्षावर्तेन संततम् ।
मासोर्मिणर्तुवेगेन पक्षोलपतृणेन च ॥ १२.२४१.१४ ॥
With the vast water of time, the constant whirlpool of rains, the waves of months, the force of seasons, and the fortnights like reeds and grass.
12.241.15
निमेषोन्मेषफेनेन अहोरात्रजवेन च ।
कामग्राहेण घोरेण वेदयज्ञप्लवेन च ॥ १२.२४१.१५ ॥
With the foam of blinking and opening the eyes, the speed of day and night, the terrible crocodile of desire, and the raft of the Vedas and sacrifices.
12.241.16
धर्मद्वीपेन भूतानां चार्थकामरवेण च ।
ऋतवाङ्मोक्षतीरेण विहिंसातरुवाहिना ॥ १२.२४१.१६ ॥
With the island of dharma for beings, the roar of wealth and desire, the shore of liberation and true speech, and the river that carries away the trees of harm.
12.241.17
युगह्रदौघमध्येन ब्रह्मप्रायभवेन च ।
धात्रा सृष्टानि भूतानि कृष्यन्ते यमसादनम् ॥ १२.२४१.१७ ॥
Through the midst of the flood of the lake of ages, with a source almost like Brahman, the beings created by Dhātṛ are dragged to the abode of Yama.
12.241.18
एतत्प्रज्ञामयैर्धीरा निस्तरन्ति मनीषिणः ।
प्लवैरप्लववन्तो हि किं करिष्यन्त्यचेतसः ॥ १२.२४१.१८ ॥
By these rafts made of wisdom the steadfast and thoughtful cross over. Those without rafts, the unthinking, what will they do?
12.241.19
उपपन्नं हि यत्प्राज्ञो निस्तरेन्नेतरो जनः ।
दूरतो गुणदोषौ हि प्राज्ञः सर्वत्र पश्यति ॥ १२.२४१.१९ ॥
It is fitting that the wise man crosses over, and not another person; from afar the wise man sees merit and fault everywhere.
12.241.20
संशयात्तु स कामात्मा चलचित्तोऽल्पचेतनः ।
अप्राज्ञो न तरत्येनं यो ह्यास्ते न स गच्छति ॥ १२.२४१.२० ॥
The unwise man, driven by desire, fickle-minded and of little understanding, full of doubt, does not cross this; he who remains seated does not go forward.
12.241.21
अप्लवो हि महादोषं मुह्यमानो न गच्छति ।
कामग्राहगृहीतस्य ज्ञानमप्यस्य न प्लवः ॥ १२.२४१.२१ ॥
A man without a raft, bewildered by a great fault, does not go on; for one seized by the crocodile of desire, even his knowledge is no raft.
12.241.22
तस्मादुन्मज्जनस्यार्थे प्रयतेत विचक्षणः ।
एतदुन्मज्जनं तस्य यदयं ब्राह्मणो भवेत् ॥ १२.२४१.२२ ॥
Therefore the discerning man should strive to rise up; his rising up is this: that he should become a brahmin.
12.241.23
त्र्यवदाते कुले जातस्त्रिसंदेहस्त्रिकर्मकृत् ।
तस्मादुन्मज्जनं तिष्ठेत्प्रज्ञया निस्तरेद्यथा ॥ १२.२४१.२३ ॥
Born in a threefold pure lineage, free of threefold doubt, performing the threefold duties; therefore, having risen up, he should remain steady, so that he may cross over by wisdom.
12.241.24
संस्कृतस्य हि दान्तस्य नियतस्य यतात्मनः ।
प्राज्ञस्यानन्तरा सिद्धिरिह लोके परत्र च ॥ १२.२४१.२४ ॥
For the refined, self-controlled, disciplined, restrained-souled wise man, success is immediate, both here in this world and in the next.
12.241.25
वर्तेत तेषु गृहवानक्रुध्यन्ननसूयकः ।
पञ्चभिः सततं यज्ञैर्विघसाशी यजेत च ॥ १२.२४१.२५ ॥
A householder should live among them, not angry, free from envy; constantly sacrificing with the five sacrifices, and eating what remains after the sacrifice.
12.241.26
सतां धर्मेण वर्तेत क्रियां शिष्टवदाचरेत् ।
असंरोधेन लोकस्य वृत्तिं लिप्सेदगर्हिताम् ॥ १२.२४१.२६ ॥
He should conduct himself by the dharma of the good, perform his rites as the learned do, and, without obstructing the world, seek a blameless livelihood.
12.241.27
श्रुतविज्ञानतत्त्वज्ञः शिष्टाचारविचक्षणः ।
स्वधर्मेण क्रियावांश्च कर्मणा सोऽप्यसंकरः ॥ १२.२४१.२७ ॥
One who knows the truth of learning and understanding, skilled in the conduct of the learned, active in rites by his own dharma and action — he too is free from mixing.
12.241.28
क्रियावाञ्श्रद्दधानो कहि दान्तः प्रायोऽनसूयकः ।
धमार्धर्मविशेषज्ञः सर्वं तरति दुस्तरम् ॥ १२.२४१.२८ ॥
The one who acts, who is faithful, self-controlled, mostly free from envy, who knows the distinction between dharma and adharma — he crosses over all that is hard to cross.
12.241.29
धृतिमानप्रमत्तश्च दान्तो धर्मविदात्मवान् ।
वीतहर्षमदक्रोधो ब्राह्मणो नावसीदति ॥ १२.२४१.२९ ॥
The steadfast, vigilant, self-controlled brahmin who knows dharma, self-possessed, free from joy, pride and anger, does not sink.
12.241.30
एषा पुरातनी वृत्तिर्ब्राह्मणस्य विधीयते ।
ज्ञानवृद्ध्यैव कर्माणि कुर्वन्सर्वत्र सिध्यति ॥ १२.२४१.३० ॥
This is the ancient way of life prescribed for the brahmin; performing actions through growth in knowledge alone, he succeeds everywhere.
12.241.31
अधर्मं धर्मकामो हि करोति ह्यविचक्षणः ।
धर्मं वा धर्मसंकाशं शोचन्निव करोति सः ॥ १२.२४१.३१ ॥
The unwise man, though desiring dharma, indeed does adharma; or, like one grieving, he does what resembles dharma.
12.241.32
धर्मं करोमीति करोत्यधर्म ।
मधर्मकामश्च करोति धर्मम्।
उभे बालः कर्मणी न प्रजानम् ।
संजायते म्रियते चापि देही ॥ १२.२४१.३२ ॥
Saying 'I do dharma,' he does adharma; one who desires adharma does dharma. The fool knows neither of these actions; the embodied being is born and also dies.