Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.244
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12.244.1
एषा पूर्वतरा वृत्तिर्ब्राह्मणस्य विधीयते ।
ज्ञानवानेव कर्माणि कुर्वन्सर्वत्र सिद्ध्यति ॥ १२.२४४.१ ॥
This is the earlier mode of conduct prescribed for a brahmin: the one who has knowledge, performing actions, succeeds everywhere.
12.244.2
तत्र चेन्न भवेदेवं संशयः कर्मनिश्चये ।
किंतु कर्मस्वभावोऽयं ज्ञानं कर्मेति वा पुनः ॥ १२.२४४.२ ॥
If there were no such doubt in determining action, still this question would arise again: is the nature of action knowledge, or is it action?
12.244.3
तत्र वेदविवित्सायां ज्ञानं चेत्पुरुषं प्रति ।
उपपत्त्युपलब्धिभ्यां वर्णयिष्यामि तच्छॄणु ॥ १२.२४४.३ ॥
If, in the desire to know the Vedas, there is knowledge concerning a person, I will describe it to you by reasoning and by perception; listen to it.
12.244.4
पौरुषं कारणं केचिदाहुः कर्मसु मानवाः ।
दैवमेके प्रशंसन्ति स्वभावमपरे जनाः ॥ १२.२४४.४ ॥
Some people say that human effort is the cause in actions; some praise fate; and other people praise innate nature.
12.244.5
पौरुषं कर्म दैवं च फलवृत्तिस्वभावतः ।
त्रयमेतत्पृथग्भूतमविवेकं तु केचन ॥ १२.२४४.५ ॥
Human effort, action and fate—by the nature of the arising of results these three are separate; but some, lacking discrimination, are confused about them.
12.244.6
एतदेवं च नैवं न च चोभे नानुभे तथा ।
कर्मस्था विषयं ब्रूयुः सत्वस्थाः समदर्शिनः ॥ १२.२४४.६ ॥
This is so and not so; neither both nor not both—thus those abiding in action would speak of the matter; those established in sattva, who see all alike, understand it.
12.244.7
त्रेतायां द्वापरे चैव कलिजाश्च ससंशयाः ।
तपस्विनः प्रशान्ताश्च सत्वस्थाश्च कृते युगे ॥ १२.२४४.७ ॥
In the Tretā and Dvāpara ages, and those born in the Kali age, are full of doubt; the ascetics and the tranquil, established in goodness, are so also in the Kṛta age.
12.244.8
अपृथग्दर्शनाः सर्वे ऋक्सामसु यजुःषु च ।
कामद्वषौ पृथग्दृष्ट्वा तपः कृत उपासते ॥ १२.२४४.८ ॥
All, seeing no difference among the Ṛg, Sāma and Yajus, seeing desire and aversion as separate, practise austerity as their action.
12.244.9
तपोधर्मेण संयुक्तस्तपोनित्यः सुसंशितः ।
तेन सर्वानवाप्नोति कामान्यान्मनसेच्छति ॥ १२.२४४.९ ॥
Joined to the dharma of austerity, constant in penance, well restrained, by that he obtains all the desires he wishes for in his mind.
12.244.10
तपसा तदवाप्नोति यद्भूतं सृजते जगत् ।
तद्भूतश्च ततः सर्वभूतानां भवति प्रभुः ॥ १२.२४४.१० ॥
By austerity he obtains that power by which he, having become the creating being, makes the world; and having become that being, he then becomes lord of all beings.
12.244.11
तदुक्तं वेदवादेषु गहनं वेददर्शिभिः ।
वेदान्तेषु पुनर्व्यक्तं क्रमयोगेन लक्ष्यते ॥ १२.२४४.११ ॥
That has been spoken deeply in the Vedic statements by the seers of the Veda; and in the Vedānta it is again clearly perceived through the method of gradual yoga.
12.244.12
आरम्भयज्ञाः क्षव्राश्च हविर्यज्ञा विशः स्मृताः ।
परिचारयज्ञाः शूद्राश्च जपयज्ञा द्विजातयः ॥ १२.२४४.१२ ॥
The kṣatriyas are remembered as performers of the sacrifice of beginning, the vaiśyas as performers of the oblation sacrifice; the śūdras perform the sacrifice of service, and the twice-born the sacrifice of recitation.
12.244.13
परिनिष्ठितकार्यो हि स्वाध्यायेन द्विजो भवेत् ।
कुर्यादन्यन्न वा कुर्यान्मैत्रो ब्राह्मण उच्यते ॥ १२.२४४.१३ ॥
One whose duty is fulfilled becomes a twice-born man through self-study. Whether he does something else or does not, the friendly one is called a brahmin.
12.244.14
त्रेतादौ सकला वेदा यज्ञा वर्णाश्रमास्तथा ।
संरोधादायुषस्त्वेते व्यस्यन्ते द्वापरे युगे ॥ १२.२४४.१४ ॥
At the beginning of the Tretā age all the Vedas, sacrifices and the social orders and life stages existed; through the shortening of life span, these diminish in the Dvāpara age.
12.244.15
द्वापरे विप्लवं यान्ति वेदाः कलियुगे तथा ।
दृश्यन्ते नापि दृश्यन्ते कलेरन्ते पुनः किल ॥ १२.२४४.१५ ॥
In the Dvāpara age the Vedas fall into disruption, and likewise in the Kali age. At the end of the Kali age they are not seen, and then again they are seen.
12.244.16
उत्सीदन्ति स्वधर्माश्च तत्राधर्मेण पीडिताः ।
गवां भूमेश्च ये चापामोषधीनां च ये रसाः ॥ १२.२४४.१६ ॥
There, oppressed by unrighteousness, one's own duties decline, and so too the essences of cows, of the earth, of waters and of herbs.
12.244.17
अधर्मान्तर्हिता वेदा वेदधर्मास्तथाऽऽश्रमाः ।
विक्रियन्ते स्वधर्माश्च स्थावराणि चराणि च ॥ १२.२४४.१७ ॥
Hidden by unrighteousness, the Vedas, the duties of the Vedas and the life stages are corrupted; one's own duties are altered, and so are the immobile and the mobile beings.
12.244.18
यथा सर्वाणि भूतानि वृष्टथा तृप्यन्ति प्रावृषि ।
सृजन्ते सर्वतोऽङ्गानि तथा वेदा युगेयुगे ॥ १२.२४४.१८ ॥
As all beings are satisfied by rain in the rainy season, and limbs sprout on every side, so the Vedas (are renewed) in every age.
12.244.19
विहितं कालनानात्वमनादिनिधनं च यत् ।
कीर्तितं यत्पुरस्तात्ते यतः संयान्ति च प्रजाः ॥ १२.२४४.१९ ॥
The diversity of time, ordained and without beginning or end, which I declared to you earlier: from it creatures come forth and go on.
12.244.20
यच्चेदं प्रभवः स्थानं भूतानां संयमो यमः ।
स्वभावेनैव वर्तन्ते द्वन्द्वसृष्टानि भूरिशः ॥ १२.२४४.२० ॥
And this, which is the origin, the abode, and the restraint of beings, Yama: things created in pairs of opposites proceed by their own nature in countless ways.
12.244.21
सर्गः कालो धृतिर्वेदाः कर्ता कार्यं क्रियाफलम् ।
एतत्ते कथितं तात यन्मां त्वं परिपृच्छसि ॥ १२.२४४.२१ ॥
Creation, time, support, the Vedas, the agent, the act, and the fruit of action: my son, all this has been told to you, about which you question me.