Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.247
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12.247.1
यदिदं वेदवचनं कुरु कर्म त्यजेति च ।
कां दिशं विद्यया यान्ति कां च गच्छन्ति कर्मणा ॥ १२.२४७.१ ॥
What is the Vedic statement 'perform action' and 'abandon action'? In which direction do they go by knowledge, and what do they reach by action?
12.247.2
एतद्वै श्रोतुमिच्छामि तद्भवान्प्रब्रवीतु मे ।
एतच्चान्योन्यवैरूप्ये वर्तेते प्रतिकूलतः ॥ १२.२४७.२ ॥
This is exactly what I wish to hear; please explain it to me. These two stand in mutual contradiction, opposed to each other.
12.247.3
इत्युक्तः प्रत्युवाचेदं पराशरसुतः सुतम् ।
कर्मविद्यामयावेतौ व्याख्यास्यामि क्षराक्षरौ ॥ १२.२४७.३ ॥
Thus addressed, the son of Parāśara replied to his son: 'These two, made of action and knowledge, the perishable and the imperishable, I will explain.'
12.247.4
यां दिशं विद्यया यान्ति यां च गच्छन्ति कर्मणा ।
शृणुष्वैकमना वत्स गह्वरं ह्येतदन्तरम् ॥ १२.२४७.४ ॥
Listen with a single mind, my dear, to the direction reached by knowledge and what is reached by action; this is the deep abyss between them.
12.247.5
अस्ति धर्म इति ह्युक्त्वा नास्तीत्यत्रैव यो वदेत् ।
तस्य पक्षस्य सदृशमिदं मम भवेदथ ॥ १२.२४७.५ ॥
Whoever says 'dharma exists' and then here says 'it does not exist' — my statement would be just like that man's position.
12.247.6
द्वाविमावथ पन्थानौ यत्र वेदाः प्रतिष्ठिताः ।
प्रवृत्तिलक्षणो धर्मो निवृत्तौ च व्यवस्थितः ॥ १२.२४७.६ ॥
Now there are two paths on which the Vedas are established: dharma characterized by engagement (pravṛtti), and dharma established in withdrawal (nivṛtti).
12.247.7
कर्मणा बध्यते जन्तुर्विद्यया तु प्रमुच्यते ।
तस्मात्कर्म न कुर्वन्ति यतयः पारदर्शिनः ॥ १२.२४७.७ ॥
A living being is bound by action and freed by knowledge; therefore the ascetics who see the far shore do not perform action.
12.247.8
कर्मणा जायते प्रेत्य मूर्तिमान्षोडशात्मकः ।
विद्यया जायते नित्यमव्ययो ह्यक्षरात्मकः ॥ १२.२४७.८ ॥
By action, after death, the embodied being of sixteen parts is born; by knowledge, the eternal, imperishable one whose nature is the syllable is born.
12.247.9
कर्म त्वेके प्रशंसन्ति स्वल्पबुद्धितया नराः ।
तेन ते देहजालानि रमयन्त उपासते ॥ १२.२४७.९ ॥
But some men, through small understanding, praise action; therefore, delighting in the networks of bodies, they worship them.
12.247.10
ये स्म बुद्धिं परां प्राप्ता धमैर्नपुण्यदर्शिनः ।
न ते कर्म प्रशंसन्ति कूपं नद्यां पिबन्निव ॥ १२.२४७.१० ॥
Those who have attained the highest understanding, who do not see merit through the dharmas, do not praise action — like one who drinks from a well while standing in the river.
12.247.11
कर्मणः फलमाप्नोति सुखदुःखे भवाभवौ ।
विद्यया तदवाप्नोति यत्र गत्वा न शोचति ॥ १२.२४७.११ ॥
From action one obtains the fruit: pleasure and pain, existence and non-existence; by knowledge one attains that state, where, having gone, one does not grieve.
12.247.12
यत्र गत्वा न म्रियते यत्र गत्वा न जायते ।
न जीर्यते यत्र गत्वा यत्र गत्वा न वर्धते ॥ १२.२४७.१२ ॥
Where, having gone, one does not die; where, having gone, one is not born; where, having gone, one does not grow old; where, having gone, one does not grow.
12.247.13
यत्र तद्ब्रह्म परममव्यक्तमचलं ध्रवम् ।
अव्याहतमनायासममृतं चावियोगि च ॥ १२.२४७.१३ ॥
Where that supreme Brahman is — unmanifest, unmoving, fixed, unobstructed, effortless, immortal, and inseparable.
12.247.14
द्वन्द्वैर्न यत्र बाध्यन्ते मानसेन च कर्मणा ।
समाः सर्वत्र मैत्राश्च सर्वभूतहिते रताः ॥ १२.२४७.१४ ॥
Where one is not troubled by the pairs of opposites, nor by mind or action; who are even-minded everywhere, friendly, and delighting in the welfare of all beings.
12.247.15
विद्यामयोऽन्यः पुरुषस्तात कर्ममयोऽपरः ।
विद्धि चन्द्रमसं दर्शे सूक्ष्मया कलया स्थितम्।
विद्यामयं तं पुरुषं नित्यं ज्ञानगुणात्मकम् ॥ १२.२४७.१५ ॥
Dear one, one person is made of knowledge, and another is made of action. Know the moon standing on the new-moon day in its subtle digit; know that eternal person made of knowledge, whose nature is the quality of knowledge.
12.247.16
तदेतदृषिणा प्रोक्तं विस्तरेणानुमीयते ।
नवं तु शशिनं दृष्ट्वा वक्रतन्तुमिवाम्बरे ॥ १२.२४७.१६ ॥
This was declared at length by the sage, and it may be inferred, just as one seeing the new moon in the sky infers a crooked thread.
12.247.17
एकादशविकारात्मा कलासंभारसंभृतः ।
मृर्तिमानिति तं विद्धि तात कर्म गुणात्मकम् ॥ १२.२४७.१७ ॥
Know him as embodied, whose self is the eleven modifications, filled with the assemblage of digits; dear one, know him as one whose nature is the quality of action.
12.247.18
तस्मिन्यः संस्थितो ह्यग्निर्नित्यंस्थाल्यामिवाहितः ।
आत्मानं तं विजानीहि नित्यं त्यागजितात्मकं ॥ १२.२४७.१८ ॥
The fire that always abides in it, as if placed in a pot — know that as the self; know it as eternal, of a nature conquered by renunciation.
12.247.19
देवो यः संश्रितस्तस्मिन्नब्विन्दुरिव पुष्करे ।
क्षेत्रज्ञं तं विजानीयान्नित्यं योगजितात्मकम् ॥ १२.२४७.१९ ॥
The god who abides in it, like a drop of water on a lotus leaf, one should know as the knower of the field, whose nature is always conquered through yoga.
12.247.20
तमोरजश्च सत्त्वं च विद्धि जीवगुणात्मकम् ।
जीवमात्मगुणं विद्यादात्मानं प…नः ॥ १२.२४७.२० ॥
Know tamas, rajas and sattva to be of the nature of the qualities of the living being. One should know the living being as a quality of the self, and the self as …
12.247.21
अचेतनं जीवगुणं वदन्ति ।
स चेष्टते चेष्टयते च सर्वम्
ततः परं क्षेत्रविदो वदन्ति ।
प्राकल्पयद्यो भुवनानि सप्त ॥ १२.२४७.२१ ॥
They call the unconscious a quality of the living being. He moves, and makes everything move. Beyond that, the knowers of the field speak of him who fashioned the seven worlds.