Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.253
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12.253.1
अध्यात्मं विस्तरेणेह पुनरेव वदस्व मे ।
यदध्यात्मं यथा वेद भगवन्नृषिसत्तम ॥ १२.२५३.१ ॥
Speak to me again here in detail of the inner self (adhyātma), as you know it, O venerable one, best of sages.
12.253.2
अध्यात्मं यदिदं तात पुरुषस्येह विद्यते ।
तत्तेऽहं वर्तयिष्यामि तस्य व्याख्यामिमां शृणु ॥ १२.२५३.२ ॥
Dear son, what inner self (adhyātma) exists here in a person, that I will explain to you; listen to this exposition of it.
12.253.3
भूमिरापस्तथा ज्योतिर्वायुराकाश एव च ।
महाभूतानि भूतानां सागरस्योर्मयो यथा ॥ १२.२५३.३ ॥
Earth, water, likewise fire-light, air and space: these are the great elements (mahābhūta), like the waves of the ocean.
12.253.4
प्रसार्येह यथाऽङ्गानि कूर्मः संहरते पुनः ।
तद्वन्महान्ति भूतानि यवीयःसु विकुर्वते ॥ १२.२५३.४ ॥
As a tortoise stretches out its limbs and then draws them back in, so do the great elements produce changes in the lesser beings.
12.253.5
इति तन्मयमेवेदं सर्वं स्थावरजङ्गमम् ।
सर्गे च प्रलये चैव तस्मिन्निर्दिश्यते तथा ॥ १२.२५३.५ ॥
Thus this whole world of the immobile and the mobile is made of those alone; in creation and in dissolution too, it is declared to be in them.
12.253.6
महाभूतानि पञ्चैव सर्वभूतेषु भूतकृत् ।
अकरोत्तात वैषम्यं यस्मिन्यदनुपश्यति ॥ १२.२५३.६ ॥
The five great elements alone, in all beings, the creator of beings, dear son, has made their difference; in whichever one perceives what it perceives.
12.253.7
अकरोद्यच्छरीरेषु कथं तदुपलक्षयेत् ।
इन्द्रियाणि गुणाः केचित्कथं तानुपलक्षयेत् ॥ १२.२५३.७ ॥
How is one to perceive what he produced in bodies? How is one to perceive the senses and certain qualities?
12.253.8
एतत्ते वर्तयिष्यामि यथावदनुपूर्वकः ।
शृणु तत्त्वमिहैकाग्रो यथा तत्त्वं यथा च तत् ॥ १२.२५३.८ ॥
I will explain this to you duly and in order. Listen here with one-pointed attention, to the truth as it is and in the way that it is.
12.253.9
शब्दः श्रोत्रं तथा खानि त्रयमाकाशसंभवम् ।
प्राणश्रेष्टा तथा स्पर्श एते वायुगुणास्त्रयः ॥ १२.२५३.९ ॥
Sound, the ear, and the bodily openings — these three arise from space. The activity of breath and touch — these three are the qualities of air.
12.253.10
रूपं चक्षुर्विपाकश्च त्रिधा ज्योतिर्विधीयते ।
रसोऽथ रसनं स्नेहो गुणास्त्वेते त्रयोऽम्भसः ॥ १२.२५३.१० ॥
Form, the eye, and transformation — light is ordained in three ways. Taste, the tongue, and moisture — these three are the qualities of water.
12.253.11
घ्रेयं घ्राणं शरीरं च भूमेरेते गुणास्त्रयः ।
श्रोत्रं त्वक्चक्षुषी जिह्वा नासिका चैव पञ्चमी ॥ १२.२५३.११ ॥
Smell, the sense of smell, and the body — these three are the qualities of earth. The ear, the skin, the two eyes, the tongue, and the nose — and the fifth.
12.253.12
एतावानिन्द्रियग्रामो व्याख्यातः पाञ्चभौतिकः ।
वायोः स्पर्शो रसोऽद्भ्यश्च ज्योतिषो रुपमुच्यते।
आकाशप्रभवः शब्दो गन्धो भूमिगुणः स्मृतः ॥ १२.२५३.१२ ॥
Thus the host of senses made of the five elements has been explained: touch is said to come from air, taste from water, and form from light. Sound, born of space, and smell, the quality of earth, are so recalled.
12.253.13
मनो बुद्धिः स्वभावश्च त्रय एते मनोमयाः ।
न गुणानतिवर्तन्ते गुणेभ्यः परमागताः ॥ १२.२५३.१३ ॥
Mind, intellect and nature — these three are made of mind. Those who have reached the supreme state beyond the qualities do not transcend the qualities.
12.253.14
यथा कूर्म इहाङ्गानि प्रसार्य विनियच्छति ।
एवमेवेन्द्रियग्रामं बुद्धिः सृष्ट्वा नियच्छति ॥ १२.२५३.१४ ॥
As a tortoise extends its limbs and then draws them back in, so the intellect, having produced the group of senses, restrains them.
12.253.15
यदूर्ध्वं पादतलयोरवाङ्भूर्ध्नश्च पश्यति ।
एतस्मिन्नेव कृत्ये तु वर्तते बुद्धिरुत्तमा ॥ १२.२५३.१५ ॥
That which sees upward from the soles of the feet and downward from the head — in this very task the supreme intellect is engaged.
12.253.16
गुणान्नेनीयते बुद्धिर्बुद्धिरेवेन्द्रियाण्यपि ।
मनः षष्ठानि सर्वाणि बुद्ध्य भावे कृतो गुणाः ॥ १२.२५३.१६ ॥
The intellect is led by the qualities, and the senses too by the intellect; the mind is sixth. When the intellect is absent, all the qualities become inactive.
12.253.17
इन्द्रियाणि नरे पञ्च षष्ठं तु मन उच्यते ।
सप्तमीं बुद्धिमेवाहुः क्षेत्रज्ञं पुनरष्टमम् ॥ १२.२५३.१७ ॥
In a man there are five senses; the sixth is called the mind. The seventh they call the intellect itself, and the eighth again is the knower of the field.
12.253.18
चक्षुरालोचनायैव संशयं कुरुते मनः ।
बुद्धिरध्यवसानाय साक्षी क्षेत्रज्ञ उच्यते ॥ १२.२५३.१८ ॥
The eye is only for seeing, yet the mind produces doubt. The intellect is for determining; the witness is called the knower of the field.
12.253.19
रजस्तमश्च सत्वं च त्रय एते स्वयोनिजाः ।
समाः सर्वेषु भूतेषु तान्गुणानुपलक्षयेत् ॥ १२.२५३.१९ ॥
Rajas, tamas and sattva — these three are born from their own sources and are equally present in all beings; one should recognize these qualities.
12.253.20
तत्र यत्प्रीतिसंयुक्तं किंचिदात्मनि लक्षयेत् ।
प्रशान्तमिव संशुद्धं सत्वं तदुपधारयेत् ॥ १२.२५३.२० ॥
Whatever in the self is joined with contentment and appears tranquil and purified, that one should understand as sattva.
12.253.21
यत्तु संतापसंयुक्तं काये मनसि वा भवेत् ।
प्रवृत्तं रज इत्येवं तत्र चाप्युपलक्षयेत् ॥ १२.२५३.२१ ॥
But whatever in body or mind is joined with distress and set in motion as activity, that is rajas; one should recognize it there as well.
12.253.22
यत्तु संमोहसंयुक्तमव्यक्तविषयं भवेत् ।
अप्रतर्क्यमविज्ञेयं तमस्तदुपधार्यताम् ॥ १२.२५३.२२ ॥
But whatever is joined with delusion, has the unmanifest as its object, is beyond reasoning and unknowable, let that be understood as tamas.
12.253.23
प्रहर्षः प्रीतिरानन्दः साम्यं स्वस्थात्मचित्तता ।
अकस्माद्यदि वा कस्माद्वर्तन्ते सात्विका गुणाः ॥ १२.२५३.२३ ॥
Joy, contentment, bliss, equanimity and a mind at peace in the self — whether they arise suddenly or from some cause — these are the sattvic qualities.
12.253.24
अभिमानो मृषावादो लोभो मोहस्तथाऽक्षमा ।
लिङ्गानि रजसस्तानि वर्तन्ते हेत्वहेतुतः ॥ १२.२५३.२४ ॥
Pride, false speech, greed, delusion and impatience — these are the marks of rajas, present with or without a cause.
12.253.25
तथा मोहः प्रमादश्च निद्रा तन्द्रा प्रबोधिता ।
कथंचिदभिवर्तन्ते विज्ञेयास्तामसा गुणाः ॥ १२.२५३.२५ ॥
Likewise, delusion, heedlessness, sleep and drowsiness, once awakened, arise in some way; these are to be known as the qualities of tamas.