Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.279
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12.279.1
कथं भवति पापात्मा कथं धर्मं करोति वा ।
केन निर्वेदमादत्ते मोक्षं वा केन गच्छति ॥ १२.२७९.१ ॥
How does a sinful-souled man come to be? Or how does he perform dharma? By what does he take up detachment, or by what does he attain liberation?
12.279.2
विदिताः सर्वधर्मास्ते स्थित्यर्थमनुपृच्छसि ।
शृणु मोक्षं सनिर्वेदं पापं धर्मं च मूलतः ॥ १२.२७९.२ ॥
You know all the dharmas, yet you ask for the sake of steadiness. Listen to liberation together with detachment, and to sin and dharma from their root.
12.279.3
विज्ञानार्थं हि पञ्चानामिच्छापूर्वं प्रवर्तते ।
प्राप्यतां वर्तते कामो द्वेषो वा भरतर्षभ ॥ १२.२७९.३ ॥
For the sake of knowing the five senses, activity proceeds, preceded by desire. Bull of the Bharatas, toward what is to be attained there arises desire, or aversion.
12.279.4
ततस्तदर्थं यतते कर्म चारभते महत् ।
इष्टानां रूपगन्धानामभ्यासं च चिकीर्षति ॥ १२.२७९.४ ॥
Then, for that, he strives and undertakes great action, and desires to repeat the enjoyment of desired forms and scents.
12.279.5
ततो रागः प्रभवति द्वेषश्च तदनन्तरम् ।
ततो लोभः प्रभवति मोहश्च तदनन्तरम् ॥ १२.२७९.५ ॥
From that arises passion, and immediately after it, aversion. From that arises greed, and immediately after it, delusion.
12.279.6
लोभमोहाभिभूतस्य रागद्वेषान्वितस्य च ।
न धर्मे जायते बुद्धिर्व्याजाद्धर्मं करोति च ॥ १२.२७९.६ ॥
In one overcome by greed and delusion, and endowed with passion and aversion, the intellect does not arise toward dharma; and he performs dharma through pretense.
12.279.7
व्याजेन चरते धर्ममर्थं व्याजेन रोचते ।
व्याजेन सिद्ध्यमानेषु धर्मेषु कुरुनन्दन ॥ १२.२७९.७ ॥
Through deceit one practices dharma, and through deceit one desires wealth. O delight of the Kurus, when dharma-acts are accomplished through deceit, they seem pleasing.
12.279.8
तत्रैव कुरुते बुद्धिं ततः पापं चिकीर्षति ।
सुहृद्भिर्वार्यमाणोऽपि पण्डितैश्चापि भारत ॥ १२.२७९.८ ॥
He sets his mind on precisely that, and then desires to do evil, even though friends and the wise restrain him. O Bhārata.
12.279.9
उत्तरं न्यायसंबद्धं ब्रवीति विधिचोदितम् ।
अधर्मस्त्रिविधस्तस्य वर्धते रागमोहजः ॥ १२.२७९.९ ॥
He speaks a reply joined to reasoning and seemingly prompted by rule, but his threefold unrighteousness, born of passion and delusion, grows within him.
12.279.10
पापं चिन्तयते कर्म प्रब्रवीति करोति च ।
तस्याधर्मप्रवृत्तस्य दोषान्पश्यन्ति साधवः ॥ १२.२७९.१० ॥
He contemplates evil deeds, declares them, and performs them. The virtuous see the faults of him who is given to unrighteousness.
12.279.11
एकशीलाश्च मित्रत्वं भजन्ते पापकर्मिणः ।
स नेह सुखमाप्नोति कुत एव परत्र वै ॥ १२.२७९.११ ॥
Sinners of the same disposition form friendships. He does not obtain happiness here; whence, then, indeed, in the next world?
12.279.12
एवं भवति पापात्मा धर्मात्मानं तु मे शृणु ।
यथा कुशलधर्मा स कुशलं प्रतिपद्यते ॥ १२.२७९.१२ ॥
Thus one becomes sinful in mind. Now hear from me of the one whose self is righteous: how one whose dharma is wholesome attains well-being.
12.279.13
कुशलेनैव धर्मेण गतिमिष्टां प्रपद्यते ।
य एतान्प्रज्ञया दोषान्पूर्वमेवानुपश्यति ॥ १२.२७९.१३ ॥
Only through skilful dharma does one attain the desired goal, one who first perceives these faults with wisdom.
12.279.14
कुशलस्तु सुखार्थाय साधूंश्चाप्युपसेवते ।
तस्य साधुसमाचारादभ्यासाच्चैव वर्धते ॥ १२.२७९.१४ ॥
The skilful man, for the sake of happiness, also serves the good; through the conduct of the good and by practice he indeed grows.
12.279.15
प्राज्ञो धर्मे च रमते धर्मं चैवोपजीवति ।
सोऽथ धर्मादवाप्तेषु धनेषु कुरुनन्दन ॥ १२.२७९.१५ ॥
The wise man delights in dharma and lives by dharma alone; then, among the wealth obtained through dharma, O joy of the Kurus.
12.279.16
तस्यैव सिञ्चते मूलं गुणान्पश्यति यत्र वै ।
धर्मात्मा भवति ह्येवं मित्रं च लभते शुभम् ॥ १२.२७९.१६ ॥
He waters precisely that root wherever he sees virtues; thus he becomes righteous-souled and obtains an auspicious friend.
12.279.17
स मित्रधनलाभात्तु प्रेत्य चेह च नन्दति ।
शब्दे स्पर्शे रसे रूपे तथा गन्धे च भारत ॥ १२.२७९.१७ ॥
By gaining friends and wealth he rejoices both after death and here; O Bhārata, in sound, touch, taste, form and likewise smell.
12.279.18
प्रभुत्वं लभते जन्तुर्धर्मस्यैतत्फलं विदुः ।
स तु धर्मफलं लब्ध्वा न तृष्यति युधिष्ठिर ॥ १२.२७९.१८ ॥
A living being attains lordship; this, they know, is the fruit of dharma. But having obtained the fruit of dharma, he is not satisfied, O Yudhiṣṭhira.
12.279.19
धर्मे स्थितानां कौन्तेय सर्वभोगक्रियासु च ।
अतृप्यमाणो निर्वेदमादत्ते ज्ञानचक्षुषा।
प्रज्ञाचक्षुर्यदा कामे दोषमेवानुपश्यति ॥ १२.२७९.१९ ॥
O son of Kuntī, those established in dharma, never satisfied with all acts of enjoyment, take up dispassion through the eye of knowledge, when one whose eye is wisdom sees only the fault in desire.
12.279.20
शब्दे स्पर्शे तथा रूपे न च भावयते मनः ।
विमुच्यते तदा कामान्न च धर्मं विमुञ्चति ॥ १२.२७९.२० ॥
One who does not fix the mind on sound, touch, or form is then released from desires, and does not abandon dharma.
12.279.21
सर्वत्यागे च यतते दृष्ट्वा लोकं क्षयात्मकम् ।
ततो मोक्षाय यतते नानुपायादुपायतः ॥ १२.२७९.२१ ॥
Having seen the world as perishable, he strives to renounce everything; then he strives for liberation by proper means, not by improper ones.
12.279.22
शनैर्निर्वेदमादत्ते पापं कर्म जहाति च ।
धर्मात्मा चैव भवति मोक्षं च लभते परम् ॥ १२.२७९.२२ ॥
Gradually he takes up dispassion, abandons evil action, becomes truly righteous, and attains the supreme liberation.
12.279.23
एतत्ते कथितं तात यन्मां त्वं परिपृच्छसि ।
पापं धर्मस्तथा मोक्षो निर्वेदश्चैव भारत ॥ १२.२७९.२३ ॥
Dear child, this has been told to you, what you ask me: sin, dharma, liberation, and dispassion, O descendant of Bharata.
12.279.24
तस्माद्धर्मे प्रवर्तेथाः सर्वावस्थं युधिष्ठिर ।
धर्मे स्थितानां कौन्तेय सिद्धिर्भवति शाश्वती ॥ १२.२७९.२४ ॥
Therefore, O Yudhiṣṭhira, in every condition be devoted to dharma. O son of Kuntī, for those established in dharma, perfection becomes eternal.