Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.281
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12.281.1
अत्रैवोदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
नारदस्य च संवादं देवलस्यासितस्य च ॥ १२.२८१.१ ॥
Here they recount this ancient history: the dialogue of Nārada with Devala and Asita.
12.281.2
आसीनं देवलं वृद्धं बुद्ध्वा बुद्धिमतां वरम् ।
नारदः परिपप्रच्छ भूतानां प्रभवाप्ययम् ॥ १२.२८१.२ ॥
Seeing the aged Devala seated, the best of the wise, Nārada asked him about the origin and dissolution of beings.
12.281.3
कुतः सृष्टमिदं विश्वं ब्रह्मन्स्थावरजङ्गमम् ।
प्रलये च कमभ्येति तद्भवान्प्रब्रवीतु मे ॥ १२.२८१.३ ॥
O Brahmin, from where was this universe, both immobile and mobile, created, and into what does it go at dissolution? Tell me that.
12.281.4
येभ्यः सृजति भूतानि कालो भावप्रचोदितः ।
महाभूतानि पञ्चेति तान्याहुर्भूतचिन्तकाः ॥ १२.२८१.४ ॥
From those things from which Time, impelled by its own nature, creates beings — the five great elements, so say the thinkers on beings.
12.281.5
तेभ्यः सृजति भूतानि काल आत्मप्रचोदितः ।
एतेभ्यो यः परं ब्रूयादसद्ब्रूयादसंशयम् ॥ १२.२८१.५ ॥
From those, Time, impelled by its own nature, creates beings. Whoever would say anything beyond these would undoubtedly speak falsehood.
12.281.6
विद्धि नारद पञ्चैताञ्शाश्वतानचलान्ध्रुवान् ।
महतस्तेजसो राशीन्कालषष्ठान्स्वभावतः ॥ १२.२८१.६ ॥
Know, O Nārada, these five to be eternal, unmoving and fixed: masses of great brilliance, with Time as the sixth, by their very nature.
12.281.7
आपश्चैवान्तरिक्षं च पृथिवी वायुपावकौ ।
असिद्धिः परमेतेभ्यो भूतेभ्यो मुक्तसंशयम् ॥ १२.२८१.७ ॥
Waters, space, earth, air and fire — beyond these elements the supreme perfection is unattained, beyond all doubt.
12.281.8
नोपपत्त्या न वा युक्त्या त्वसद्ब्रूयादसंशयम् ।
वेत्थैतानभिनिर्वृत्तान्षडेते यस्य राशयः ॥ १२.२८१.८ ॥
One should not, by reasoning or argument, speak falsehood without doubt. You know these six aggregates from which they arise.
12.281.9
पञ्चैव तानि कालश्च भावाभावौ च केवलौ ।
अष्टौ भूतानि भूतानां शाश्वतानि भवाव्ययौ ॥ १२.२८१.९ ॥
They are five; and time, and being and non-being, which are alone. The eight elements of beings are eternal, unborn and imperishable.
12.281.10
अभावभावितेष्वेव तेभ्यश्च प्रभवन्त्यपि ।
विनष्टोऽप्यनुतान्येव जन्तुर्भवति पञ्चधा ॥ १२.२८१.१० ॥
Produced from non-existence, they arise from those very things; destroyed, they return to them again. A living being becomes fivefold.
12.281.11
तस्य भूमिमयो देहः श्रोत्रमाकाशसंभवम् ।
सूर्याच्चक्षुरसुर्वायोरद्भ्यस्तु खलु शोणितम् ॥ १२.२८१.११ ॥
His body is made of earth; his hearing arose from space; his sight from the sun; his breath from air; and his blood, indeed, from water.
12.281.12
चक्षुषी नासिकाकर्णौ त्वक् जिह्वेति च पञ्चमी ।
इन्द्रियाणीन्द्रियार्थानां ज्ञानानि कवयो विदुः ॥ १२.२८१.१२ ॥
The two eyes, nose and ears, skin, and tongue as the fifth — these are the senses; the wise know the cognitions of the objects of the senses.
12.281.13
दर्शनं श्रवणं घ्राणं स्पर्शनं रसनं तथा ।
उपपत्त्या गुणान्विद्धि पञ्च पञ्चसु धातुषु ॥ १२.२८१.१३ ॥
Seeing, hearing, smelling, touching, and tasting — know these, by reasoning, as the qualities of the five elements, five for five.
12.281.14
रूपं गन्धो रसः स्पर्शः शब्दश्चैवाथ तद्गुणाः ।
इन्द्रियैरुपलभ्यन्ते पञ्चधा पञ्च पञ्चभिः ॥ १२.२८१.१४ ॥
Form, smell, taste, touch, and sound are their qualities; they are perceived by the senses, in five ways, five by five.
12.281.15
रूपं गन्धं रसं स्पर्शं शब्दं चैवाथ तद्गुणान् ।
इन्द्रियाणि न बुध्यन्ते क्षेत्रज्ञस्तैस्तु बुध्यते ॥ १२.२८१.१५ ॥
Form, smell, taste, touch, and sound, and their qualities, the senses do not perceive; the knower of the field perceives through them.
12.281.16
चित्तमिन्द्रियसंघातात्परं तस्मात्परं मनः ।
मनसस्तु परा बुद्धिः क्षेत्रज्ञो बुद्धितः परः ॥ १२.२८१.१६ ॥
The mind-faculty is higher than the aggregate of the senses; higher than that is the manas; higher than manas is the intellect; and the knower of the field is higher than the intellect.
12.281.17
पूर्वं चेतयते जन्तुरिन्द्रियैर्विषयान्पृथक् ।
विचार्य मनसा पश्चादथ बुद्ध्या व्यवस्यति।
इन्द्रियैरुपसृष्टार्थान्मत्वा यस्त्वध्यवस्यति ॥ १२.२८१.१७ ॥
First the living being perceives objects separately through the senses; afterwards, having considered them with the mind, it determines them with the intellect. He who, having thought the objects presented by the senses, determines them…
12.281.18
चित्तमिन्द्रियसंघातं मनो बुद्धिस्तथाऽष्टमी ।
अष्टौ ज्ञानेन्द्रियाण्याहुरेतान्यध्यात्मचिन्तकाः ॥ १२.२८१.१८ ॥
Mind-faculty, the aggregate of the senses, manas, and intellect, and so as the eighth; these eight the contemplatives of the self call the organs of knowledge.
12.281.19
पाणिं पादं च पायुं च मेहनं पञ्चमं मुखम् ।
इति संशब्द्यमानानि शृणु कर्मेन्द्रियाण्यपि ॥ १२.२८१.१९ ॥
Hands, feet, anus, genitals, and as the fifth the mouth: listen also to the organs of action, thus enumerated.
12.281.20
जल्पनाभ्यवहारार्थं मुखमिन्द्रियमुच्यते ।
गमनेन्द्रियं तथा पादौ कर्मणः करणे करौ ॥ १२.२८१.२० ॥
The mouth is called the organ for speaking and eating; the feet are the organ of motion; the two hands are the instruments of action.
12.281.21
पायूपस्थं विसर्गार्थमिन्द्रिये तुल्यकर्मणी ।
विसर्गे च पुरीषस्य विसर्गे चापि कामिके ॥ १२.२८१.२१ ॥
The anus and the genitals are two organs for excretion, of equal function: in the evacuation of feces and in the emission of desire.
12.281.22
मनः षष्ठान्यथैतानि वाचा सम्यग्यथागमम् ।
ज्ञानचेष्टेन्द्रियगुणाः सर्वेषां शब्दिता मया ॥ १२.२८१.२२ ॥
Mind is the sixth; these I have set forth fully in speech, as tradition hands them down: the qualities of the organs of knowledge and action have all been named by me.
12.281.23
इन्द्रियाणां स्वकर्मभ्यः श्रमादुपरमो यदा ।
भवतीन्द्रियसंन्यासादथ स्वपिति वै नरः ॥ १२.२८१.२३ ॥
When, from weariness, the senses cease from their own tasks, then through the withdrawal of the senses a man indeed falls asleep.
12.281.24
इन्द्रियाणां व्युपरमे मनोऽव्युपरतं यदि ।
सेवते विषयानेव तं विद्यात्स्वप्नदर्शनम् ॥ १२.२८१.२४ ॥
When the senses have ceased, yet the mind has not ceased and keeps attending only to objects, one should know that as dream-vision.
12.281.25
सात्विकाश्चैव ये भावास्तथा राजसतामसाः ।
कर्मयुक्ताः प्रशंसन्ति सात्विकान्नेतरांस्तथा ॥ १२.२८१.२५ ॥
Those states that are sattvic, as well as the rajasic and tamasic, — men engaged in action praise only the sattvic, not the others.
12.281.26
आनन्दः कर्मणां सिद्धिः प्रतिपत्तिः परा गतिः ।
सात्विकस्य निमित्तानि भावान्संश्रयसे स्मृतिः ॥ १२.२८१.२६ ॥
Joy, the success of actions, attainment, and the highest goal — these are the signs of the sattvic; resorting to states, and memory.
12.281.27
जन्तुष्वेकतमेष्वेवं भावं यो वा समास्थितः ।
भावयोरीप्सितं नित्यं प्रत्यक्षं गमनं द्वयोः ॥ १२.२८१.२७ ॥
In any one of living beings, whoever has established himself in such a state, or the ever-desired, evident passage of the two states.
12.281.28
इन्द्रियाणि च भावाश्च गुणाः सप्तदश स्मृताः ।
तेषामष्टादशो देही यः शरीरे स शाश्वतः ॥ १२.२८१.२८ ॥
The senses, the states, and the qualities are reckoned as seventeen; the eighteenth among them is the embodied self, who dwells in the body — he is eternal.
12.281.29
अथवा सशरीरास्ते गुणाः सर्वे शरीरिणाम् ।
संश्रितास्तद्वियोगे हि सशरीरा न सन्ति ते ॥ १२.२८१.२९ ॥
Or else all those qualities are dependent upon embodied beings together with the body; on their separation they do not exist with the body.
12.281.30
अथवा संविभागेन शरीरं पाञ्चभौतिकम् ।
एकश्च दश चाष्टौ च गुणाः सह शरीरिणाम्।
ऊष्मणा सह विशो वा संघातः पाञ्चभौतिकः ॥ १२.२८१.३० ॥
Or else, by division, the body is made of the five elements; one, ten and eight qualities are together with the embodied beings; the creatures together with heat, or the aggregate of the five elements.
12.281.31
महान्संधारयत्येतच्छरीरं वायुना सह ।
सत्यप्रभावयुक्तस्य निमित्तं देहभेदने ॥ १२.२८१.३१ ॥
The great one sustains this body together with the wind; for one endowed with the power of truth, this is the cause of the body's breaking.
12.281.32
तथैवोत्पद्यते किंचित्पञ्चत्वं गच्छते तथा ।
पुण्यपापविनाशान्ते पुण्यपापसमीरितः।
देहं विशति कालेन ततोऽयं कर्मसंभवम् ॥ १२.२८१.३२ ॥
In the same way something arises and goes to fivefold dissolution; at the end of the destruction of merit and demerit, impelled by merit and demerit, it enters a body in time, and then it is born of action.
12.281.33
हित्वाहित्वा ह्ययं प्रैति देहाद्देहं कृताश्रयः ।
कालसंचोदितः क्षेत्री विशीर्णाद्वा गृहाद्गृहम् ॥ १२.२८१.३३ ॥
Abandoning again and again, this one goes forth from body to body, having taken refuge there; the embodied self, impelled by time, goes from a collapsed house to another house.
12.281.34
तं तु नैवानुतप्यन्ते प्राज्ञा निश्चितनिश्चयाः ।
कृपणास्त्वनुतप्यन्ते जनाः संबन्धिमानिनः ॥ १२.२८१.३४ ॥
The wise, whose resolve is settled, do not grieve for him; but the pitiful people, proud of their kinsmen, do grieve.
12.281.35
न ह्ययं कस्यचित्कश्चिन्नास्य कश्चन विद्यते ।
भवत्येको ह्ययं नित्यं शरीरे सुखदुःखकृत् ॥ १२.२८१.३५ ॥
This one belongs to no one, and no one belongs to him at all; he is always one alone, the author of pleasure and pain in the body.
12.281.36
नैव संजायते जन्तुर्न च जातु विपद्यते ।
याति देहमयं मुक्त्वा कदाचित्परमां गतिम् ॥ १२.२८१.३६ ॥
This living being is not truly born, and never truly perishes; having abandoned the body, at some time it goes to the supreme goal.
12.281.37
पुण्यपापमयं देहं क्षपयन्कर्मसंक्षयात् ।
क्षीणदेहः पुनर्देही ब्रह्मत्वमुपगच्छति ॥ १२.२८१.३७ ॥
Wearing away this body made of merit and demerit through the exhaustion of action, the embodied one, its body worn out, again attains the state of Brahman.
12.281.38
पुण्यपापक्षयार्थं हि साङ्ख्यज्ञानं विधीयते ।
तत्क्षये हृदि पश्यन्ति ब्रह्मभावे परां गतिम् ॥ १२.२८१.३८ ॥
Indeed, the knowledge of Sāṅkhya is prescribed for the destruction of merit and demerit; when those are destroyed, they behold in the heart the supreme goal in the state of Brahman.