Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.294
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12.294.1
कथं नु युक्तः पृथिवीं चरेदस्मद्विधो नृपः ।
नित्यं कैश्च गुणैर्युक्तः सङ्गपाशाद्विमुच्यते ॥ १२.२९४.१ ॥
How should a king like us move about the earth, and endowed with which qualities is he released from the noose of attachment?
12.294.2
अत्र ते वर्तयिष्येऽहमितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
अरिष्टनेमिना प्रोक्तं सगरायानुपृच्छते ॥ १२.२९४.२ ॥
Here I shall recount to you an ancient story, which Ariṣṭanemi told when Sagara inquired.
12.294.3
किं श्रेयः परमं ब्रह्मन्कृत्वेह सुखमश्नुते ।
कथं न शोचेन्न क्षुभ्येदेतदिच्छामि वेदितुम् ॥ १२.२९४.३ ॥
O brahmin, what is the supreme good, and by doing what does a man here attain happiness? How might he not grieve or be agitated? This is what I wish to know.
12.294.4
एवमुक्तस्तदा तार्क्ष्यः सर्वशास्त्रविदां वरः ।
विबुध्य संपदं चाग्र्यां सद्वाक्यमिदमब्रवीत् ॥ १२.२९४.४ ॥
When Sagara had thus asked, Tārkṣya, the best of all who know the scriptures, understanding the supreme wealth, spoke these good words.
12.294.5
सुखं मोक्षसुखं लोके न च मूढोऽवगच्छति ।
प्रसक्तः पुत्रपशुषु धनधान्यसमाकुलः ॥ १२.२९४.५ ॥
In the world there is the happiness of liberation, yet the deluded man does not understand it; attached to sons and cattle, absorbed in wealth and grain, he does not.
12.294.6
सक्तबुद्धिरशान्तात्मा स न शक्यश्चिकित्सितुम् ।
स्नेहपाशसितो मूढो न स मोक्षाय कल्पते ॥ १२.२९४.६ ॥
One whose mind clings and whose self is unquieted cannot be cured; the deluded man bound in the noose of affection is not fit for liberation.
12.294.7
स्नेहजानिह ते पाशान्वक्ष्यामि शृणु तान्मम ।
सकर्णकेन शिरसा शक्याश्छेत्तुं विजानता ॥ १२.२९४.७ ॥
Here I will tell you of the snares born of affection; hear them from me. One who knows can cut them with the head, barb and all.
12.294.8
संभाव्य पुत्रान्कालेन यौवनस्थान्निवेश्य च ।
समर्थाज्जीवने ज्ञात्वा मुक्तश्चर यथासुखम् ॥ १२.२९४.८ ॥
Having raised your sons in time, settled them in youth, and known them capable of making a living, go about freed, as you wish.
12.294.9
भार्यां पुत्रवतीं वृद्धां लालितां पुत्रवत्सलाम् ।
ज्ञात्वा प्रजहि कालेन परार्थमनुदृश्य च ॥ १२.२९४.९ ॥
Knowing your wife to have sons, to be aged, cherished, and fond of her sons, abandon her in time, with the higher good in view.
12.294.10
सापत्यो निरपत्यो वा मुक्तश्चर यथासुखम् ।
इन्द्रियैरिन्द्रियार्थांस्त्वमनुभूय यथाविधि ॥ १२.२९४.१० ॥
Whether you have children or are without them, go about freed as you wish, having enjoyed the objects of the senses through the senses, according to rule.
12.294.11
कृतकौन्तूहलस्तेषु मुक्तश्चर यथासुखम् ।
उपपत्त्योपलब्धेषु लोकेषु च समो भव ॥ १२.२९४.११ ॥
Having satisfied your curiosity about them, go about freed as you wish, and be even-minded toward the worlds attained by reasoning.
12.294.12
एष तावत्समासेन तव संकीर्तितो मया ।
मोक्षार्थो विस्तरेणाथ भूयो वक्ष्यामि तच्छृणु ॥ १२.२९४.१२ ॥
This much I have declared to you in brief, the aim of liberation. Now I will speak again at length; listen to that.
12.294.13
मुक्ता वीतभया लोके चरन्ति सुखिनो नराः ।
सक्तभावा विनश्यन्ति नरास्तत्र न संशयः ॥ १२.२९४.१३ ॥
Men who move through the world freed and without fear live happily; men of attached disposition perish — there is no doubt of it.
12.294.14
आहारसंचये सक्ता यथा कीटपिपीलिकाः ।
असक्ताः सुखिनो लोके सक्ताश्चैव विनाशिनः ॥ १२.२९४.१४ ॥
Just as insects and ants are attached to hoarding food, so in the world those who are unattached are happy, and those who are attached indeed perish.
12.294.15
स्वजने न च ते चिन्ता कर्तव्या मोक्षबुद्धिना ।
इमे मया विनाभूता भविष्यन्ति कथं त्विति ॥ १२.२९४.१५ ॥
One whose intellect seeks liberation should not be anxious about his kinsfolk, nor think, "How will these be without me?"
12.294.16
स्वयमुत्पद्यते जन्तुः स्वयमेव विवर्धते ।
सुखदुःखे तथा मृत्युं स्वयमेवाधिगच्छति ॥ १२.२९४.१६ ॥
A creature comes into being by itself and grows by itself; likewise it meets pleasure and pain, and death, by itself.
12.294.17
भोजनाच्छादने चैव मात्रा पित्रा च संग्रहम् ।
स्वकृते नाधिगच्छन्ति लोके नास्त्यकृतं पुरा ॥ १२.२९४.१७ ॥
Food and clothing are obtained by people through their own deeds, not through provision made by mother or father; in the world nothing is undone from before.
12.294.18
धात्रा विहितभक्ष्याणि सर्वभूतानि मेदिनीम् ।
लोके विपरिधावन्ति रक्षितानि स्वकर्मभिः ॥ १२.२९४.१८ ॥
All beings, for whom the Creator has ordained their food, run about the earth in the world; they are protected by their own deeds.
12.294.19
स्वयं मृत्पिण्डभूतस्य परतन्त्रस्य सर्वदा ।
को हेतुः स्वजनं द्वेष्टुं रक्षितं वाऽदृढात्मनः ॥ १२.२९४.१९ ॥
For one who is himself like a lump of clay, always dependent on others, of unsteady mind, what is the reason to hate his own kin or to protect them?
12.294.20
स्वजनं हि यदा मृत्युर्हन्त्येव भुवि पश्यतः ।
कृतेऽपि यत्ने महति तत्र बोद्धव्यमात्मना ॥ १२.२९४.२० ॥
When death strikes down one's own kinsman even while others watch on earth, then, though great effort has been made, one must understand this for oneself.
12.294.21
जीवन्तमपि चैवैनं भरणे रक्षणे तथा ।
असमाप्ते परित्यज्य पश्चादपि मरिष्यसि ॥ १२.२९४.२१ ॥
Even while he is alive, leaving unfinished the work of nourishing and protecting him, you too will die afterwards.
12.294.22
यदा मृतं च स्वजनं न ज्ञास्यसि कथंचन ।
सुखितं दुःखितं वाऽपि ननु बोद्धव्यमात्मना ॥ १२.२९४.२२ ॥
When your kinsman has died, you will not know in any way whether he is happy or sorrowful; this too one must understand for oneself.
12.294.23
मृते वा त्वयि जीवे वा यदा भोक्ष्यति वै जनः ।
स्वकृतं ननु बुद्ध्वैवं कर्तव्यं हितमात्मनः ॥ १२.२९४.२३ ॥
Whether you die or live, people will enjoy the fruits of their own deeds; knowing this, one should do what is beneficial to oneself.
12.294.24
एवं विजानँल्लोकेऽस्मिन्कः कस्येत्यभिनिश्चितः ।
मोक्षे निवेशय मनो भूयश्चाप्युपधारय ॥ १२.२९४.२४ ॥
Knowing this in the world, firmly resolved that 'who belongs to whom,' fix your mind on liberation, and reflect on this again and again.
12.294.25
क्षुत्पिपासादयो भावा जिता यस्येह देहिनः ।
क्रोधो लोभस्तथा मोहः सत्ववान्मुक्त एव सः ॥ १२.२९४.२५ ॥
Whoever in this world has conquered the states of hunger and thirst, and anger, greed and delusion, and is endowed with sattva, that embodied being is indeed liberated.
12.294.26
द्यूते पाने तथा स्त्रीषु मृगयायां च यो नरः ।
न प्रमाद्यति संमोहात्सततं मुक्त एव सः ॥ १२.२९४.२६ ॥
That man who, through delusion, is never constantly heedless in gambling, in drinking, among women, or in hunting, he is indeed liberated.
12.294.27
दिवसेदिवसे नाम रात्रौरात्रौ पुमान्सदा ।
भोक्तव्यमिति यः स्विन्नो दोषबुद्धिः स उच्यते ॥ १२.२९४.२७ ॥
The man who, day after day and night after night, is always distressed thinking 'it must still be enjoyed', he is called one whose mind sees faults.
12.294.28
आत्मभावं तथा स्त्रीषु सक्तमेव पुनः पुनः ।
यः पश्यति सदा युक्तो यथावन्मुक्त एव सः ॥ १२.२९४.२८ ॥
He who repeatedly sees his own self-existence as clinging to women, and who, always steadfast in yoga, sees it as it truly is, he is indeed liberated.
12.294.29
संभवं च विनाशं च भूतानां चेष्टितं तथा ।
यस्तत्त्वतो विजानाति लोकेऽस्मिन्मुक्त एव सः ॥ १२.२९४.२९ ॥
He who truly knows the arising and passing away of beings, and their activities, in this world he is indeed liberated.
12.294.30
प्रस्थं वाहसहस्रेषु यात्रार्थं चैव कोटिषु ।
प्रासादे मञ्चकं स्थानं यः पश्यति स मुच्यते ॥ १२.२९४.३० ॥
He who sees the load in thousands of wagons and in the crores of goods for travel, and sees the bed's place in the palace, he is released.
12.294.31
मृत्युनाऽभ्याहतं लोकं व्याधिभिश्चोपपीडितम् ।
अवृत्तिकर्शितं चैव यः पश्यति स मुच्यते ॥ १२.२९४.३१ ॥
He who sees this world struck by death, afflicted by diseases, and worn down by want of livelihood, is freed.
12.294.32
यः पश्यति स संतुष्टो नपश्यंश्च विहन्यते ।
यश्चाप्यल्पेन संतुष्टो लोकेऽस्मिन्मुक्त एव सः ॥ १२.२९४.३२ ॥
He who sees is content; he who does not see is destroyed. And he who is content even with little is indeed freed in this world.
12.294.33
अग्नीषोमाविदं सर्वमिति यश्चानुपश्यति ।
न च संस्पृश्यते भावैरद्भुतैर्मुक्त एव सः ॥ १२.२९४.३३ ॥
He who perceives that all this is Agni and Soma, and is not touched by wondrous states, is indeed freed.
12.294.34
पर्यङ्कशय्या भूमिश्च सामने यस्य देहिनः ।
शाल्यन्नं च कदन्नं च यस्य स्यान्मुक्त एव सः ॥ १२.२९४.३४ ॥
He for whom a bed and the bare ground are alike, and fine rice and coarse food are alike, is indeed freed.
12.294.35
क्षौमं च कुशचीरं च कौशेयं वल्कलानि च ।
आविकं चर्म च समं यस्य स्यान्मुक्त एव सः ॥ १२.२९४.३५ ॥
He for whom linen, a garment of kuśa grass, silk, bark garments, woolen cloth and hide are alike, is indeed freed.
12.294.36
पञ्चभूतसमुद्भूतं लोकं यश्चानुपश्यति ।
तथाच वर्तते दृष्ट्वा लोकेऽस्मिन्मुक्त एव सः ॥ १२.२९४.३६ ॥
He who perceives this world arisen from the five elements, and who conducts himself accordingly after seeing it, is indeed freed in this world.
12.294.37
सुखदुःखे समे यस्य लाभालाभौ जयाजयौ ।
इच्छाद्वेषौ भयोद्वेगौ सर्वथा मुक्त एव सः ॥ १२.२९४.३७ ॥
He for whom pleasure and pain are equal, gain and loss, victory and defeat, who is wholly free of desire, aversion, fear and agitation, he indeed is liberated.
12.294.38
रक्तमूत्रपुरीषाणां दोषाणां संचयांस्तथा ।
शरीरं दोषबहुलं दृष्ट्वा चैव विमुच्यते ॥ १२.२९४.३८ ॥
Seeing the accumulations of impurities—blood, urine and feces—and the body full of impurities, one is liberated.
12.294.39
वलीपलितसंयोगं कार्श्यं वैवर्ण्यमेव च ।
कुजभावं च जरयाः यः पश्यति स मुच्यतेत ॥ १२.२९४.३९ ॥
He who sees the combination of wrinkles and gray hair, emaciation, loss of complexion, and the bent state brought by old age, is liberated.
12.294.40
पुंस्त्वोपघातं कालेन दर्शनोपरमं तथा ।
बाधिर्यं प्राणमन्दत्वं यः पश्यति स मुच्यते ॥ १२.२९४.४० ॥
He who sees the ruin of virility by time, the cessation of sight, deafness and the dullness of vital breath, is liberated.
12.294.41
गतानृषींस्तथा देवानसुरांश्च तथा गतान् ।
लोकादस्मात्परं लोकं यः पश्यति स मुच्यते ॥ १२.२९४.४१ ॥
He who sees the sages, gods and demons who have gone from this world to the other world, is liberated.
12.294.42
प्रभावैरन्वितास्तैस्तैः पार्थिवेन्द्राः सहस्रशः ।
ये गताः पृथिवीं त्यक्त्वा इति ज्ञात्वा विमुच्यते ॥ १२.२९४.४२ ॥
Thousands of kings, each endowed with his own power, have gone, leaving the earth; knowing this, one is liberated.
12.294.43
अर्थांश्च दुर्लभाँल्लोके क्लेशांश्च सुलभांस्तथा ।
दुःखं चैव कुटुम्बार्थे यः पश्यति स मुच्यते ॥ १२.२९४.४३ ॥
In the world, wealth is hard to obtain, troubles come easily, and sorrow arises for the sake of family; he who sees this is freed.
12.294.44
अपत्यानां च वैगुण्यं जनं विगुणमेव च ।
पश्यन्भूयिष्ठशो लोके को मोक्षं नाभिपूजयेत् ॥ १२.२९४.४४ ॥
Seeing in the world, for the most part, the faults of offspring and people devoid of virtue, who would not seek liberation?
12.294.45
शास्त्राल्लोकाच्च यो बुद्धः सर्वं पश्यति मानवः ।
असारमिव मानुष्यं सर्वथा मुक्ता एव सः ॥ १२.२९४.४५ ॥
The person who, awakened by scripture and by the world, sees everything and regards human life as without essence, is indeed wholly liberated.
12.294.46
एतच्छ्रुत्वा मम वचो भवांश्चरतु मुक्तवत् ।
गार्हस्थ्याद्यदि ते मोक्षे कृता बुद्धिरविक्लवा ॥ १२.२९४.४६ ॥
Having heard this word of mine, if your resolve for liberation from householder life is steady and unwavering, then conduct yourself as one who is freed.
12.294.47
तत्तस्य वचनं श्रुत्वा सम्यक्स पृथिवीपतिः ।
मोक्षजैश्च गुणैर्युक्तः पालयामास च प्रजाः ॥ १२.२९४.४७ ॥
Having rightly heard his word, that lord of the earth, endowed with qualities born of liberation, went on protecting his subjects.