Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.300
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12.300.1
प्रतिग्रहार्जिता विप्रे क्षत्रिये युधि निर्जिताः ।
वैश्ये न्यायार्जिताश्चैव शूद्रे शुश्रूषयार्जिताः ॥ १२.३००.१ ॥
For a brahmin, wealth gained by accepting gifts; for a kṣatriya, wealth won in battle; for a vaiśya, wealth gained by just means; and for a śūdra, wealth gained by service.
12.300.2
स्वल्पाऽप्यर्थाः प्रशस्यन्ते धर्मस्यार्थे महाफलाः ।
नित्यं त्रयाणां वर्णानां शुश्रूषुः शूद्र उच्यते ॥ १२.३००.२ ॥
Even a little wealth is praised when it is for the sake of dharma, for its fruit is great. He who constantly serves the three varṇas is called a śūdra.
12.300.3
क्षत्रधर्मा वैश्यधर्मा नावृत्तिः पतते द्विजः ।
शूद्रधर्मा यदा तु स्यात्तदा पतति वै द्विजः ॥ १२.३००.३ ॥
A twice-born man does not fall when his livelihood cannot be gained by the duties of a kṣatriya or a vaiśya; but when his duty becomes that of a śūdra, the twice-born certainly falls.
12.300.4
वाणिज्यं पाशुपाल्यं च तथा शिल्पोपजिवनम् ।
सूद्रस्यापि विधीयन्ते यदा वृत्तिर्न जायते ॥ १२.३००.४ ॥
Trade, cattle-keeping, and livelihood by crafts are also prescribed for a śūdra when no other livelihood arises.
12.300.5
रङ्गावतरणं चैव तथा रूपोपजीवनम् ।
मद्यमांसोपजीव्यं च विक्रयं लोहचर्मणोः ॥ १२.३००.५ ॥
Dyeing, livelihood from displaying forms (acting or spectacle), livelihood from liquor and meat, and the sale of iron and leather are forbidden.
12.300.6
अपूर्विणा न कर्तव्यं कर्म लोके विगर्हितम् ।
कृतपूर्विणस्तु त्यजतो महान्धर्म इति श्रूतिः ॥ १२.३००.६ ॥
One who has not done it before should not undertake a censured action in the world; but for one who has done it before and gives it up, the great dharma is this, so the śruti declares.
12.300.7
संसिद्धः पुरुषो लोके यदाचरति पापकम् ।
मदेनाभिप्लुतमनास्तच्च न ग्राह्यमुच्यते ॥ १२.३००.७ ॥
When a perfected man in this world commits a sinful act, his mind overwhelmed by intoxication, that conduct is said not to be to be accepted.
12.300.8
श्रूयन्ते हि पुराणेषु प्रजा धिग्दण्डशासनाः ।
दान्ता धर्मप्रधानाश्च न्यायधर्मानुवृत्तिकाः ॥ १२.३००.८ ॥
It is heard in the Purāṇas that peoples were governed by the rod of reproach, were self-controlled, chiefly devoted to dharma, and followed the dharma of justice.
12.300.9
धर्म एव सदा नॄणामिह राजन्प्रशस्यते ।
धर्मवृद्धा गुणानेव सेवन्ते हि नरा भुवि ॥ १२.३००.९ ॥
O king, here among men dharma alone is always praised; men grown in dharma cultivate only virtues on earth.
12.300.10
तं धर्ममसुरास्तात नामृष्यन्त नराधिप ।
विवर्धमानाः क्रमशस्तत्र तेऽन्वाविशन्प्रजाः ॥ १२.३००.१० ॥
Dear child, lord of men, the asuras could not endure that dharma; growing gradually, they entered among the peoples there.
12.300.11
तासां दर्पः समभवत्प्रजानां धर्मनाशनः ।
दर्पात्मनां ततः पश्चात्क्रोधस्तासामजायत ॥ १२.३००.११ ॥
Pride, which destroys dharma, arose among those peoples; then from their pride, anger arose in them.
12.300.12
ततः क्रोधाभिभूतानां वृत्तं लज्जासमन्वितम् ।
ह्रीश्चैवाप्यनशद्राजंस्ततो मोहो व्यजायत ॥ १२.३००.१२ ॥
Then the conduct of those overcome by anger, accompanied by shame, perished; and modesty too was destroyed, O king, and then delusion arose.
12.300.13
ततो मोहपरीतास्ता नापश्यन्त यथा पुरा ।
परस्परावमर्देन वर्धयन्त्यो यथासुखम् ॥ १२.३००.१३ ॥
Then, overcome by delusion, they no longer saw as before; crushing one another, they grew as they pleased.
12.300.14
ताः प्राप्य तु स धिग्दण्डो न कारणमतो भवत् ।
ततोऽभ्यगच्छन्देवांश्च ब्राह्मणांश्चावमन्य ह ॥ १२.३००.१४ ॥
Having obtained them, that rebuke-punishment was no cause at all; then, disrespecting the gods and the brahmins, they went to them.
12.300.15
एतस्मिन्नेव काले तु देवा देववरं शिवम् ।
अगच्छञ्शरणं धीरं बहुरूपं गुणाधिकम् ॥ १२.३००.१५ ॥
At this very time the gods went for refuge to Śiva, the best of gods — steadfast, of many forms, surpassing in virtues.
12.300.16
तेन स्म ते गगनगाः सपुराः पातिताः क्षितौ ।
त्रिधाऽप्येकेन बाणेन देवाप्यायिततेजसा ॥ १२.३००.१६ ॥
By him those sky-goers, together with their cities, were felled to the ground — even split into three parts by a single arrow, by that god whose splendour was increased.
12.300.17
तेषामधिपतिस्त्वासीद्भीमो भीमपराक्रमः ।
देवतानां भयकरः स हतः शूलपाणिना ॥ १२.३००.१७ ॥
Their lord was Bhīma, of terrible valour, causing fear to the gods; he was slain by the trident-bearer.
12.300.18
तस्मिन्हतेऽथ स्वं भावं प्रत्यपद्यन्त मानवाः ।
प्रावर्तन्त च वै वेदाः शास्त्राणि च यथा पुरा ॥ १२.३००.१८ ॥
When he was slain, humans returned to their own nature, and the Vedas and the treatises again took effect, as formerly.
12.300.19
ततोऽभिषिच्य राज्येन देवानां दिवि वासवम् ।
सप्तर्षयश्चान्वयुञ्जन्नराणां दण्डधारणे ॥ १२.३००.१९ ॥
Then, having anointed Vāsava (Indra) with kingship in the heaven of the gods, the seven sages appointed him to bear the rod of punishment over men.
12.300.20
सप्तर्षीणामथोर्ध्वं च विपृथुर्नाम पार्थिवः ।
राजानः क्षत्रियाश्चैव मण्डलेषु पृथक्पृथक् ॥ १२.३००.२० ॥
After the seven sages, a king named Vipṛthu arose, and kshatriya kings ruled each realm separately.
12.300.21
महाकुलेषु ये जाता वृद्धाः पूर्वतराश्च ये ।
तेषामप्यासुरो भावो हृदयान्नापसर्पति ॥ १२.३००.२१ ॥
Even in those born into great lineages, the elders and those of earlier times, the demonic disposition does not depart from the heart.
12.300.22
तस्मात्तेनैव भावेन सानुषङ्गेण पार्थिवाः ।
आसुराण्येव कर्माणि न्यसेवन्भीमविक्रमाः ॥ १२.३००.२२ ॥
Therefore, by that very disposition together with its attendant faults, kings of terrible prowess practised only demonic deeds.
12.300.23
प्रत्यतिष्ठंश्च तेष्वेव तान्येव स्थापयन्त्यपि ।
भजन्ते तानि चाद्यापि ये बालिशतरा नराः ॥ १२.३००.२३ ॥
They became established in those same things and still establish them; and the most foolish of men still cling to them even today.
12.300.24
तस्मादहं ब्रवीमि त्वां राजन्संचिन्त्य शास्त्रतः ।
संसिद्धावागमं कुर्यात्कर्म हिंसात्मकं त्यजेत् ॥ १२.३००.२४ ॥
Therefore, O king, having reflected well according to scripture, I say to you: in attaining success let him follow the traditional teaching, and let him abandon violent action.
12.300.25
न संकरेण द्रविणं प्रचिन्वीयाद्विचक्षणः ।
धर्मार्थं न्यायमुत्सृज्य न तत्कल्याणमुच्यते ॥ १२.३००.२५ ॥
The wise man should not amass wealth by mixed (unlawful) means. Abandoning justice for the sake of dharma is not called good.
12.300.26
स त्वमेवंविधो दान्तः क्षत्रियः प्रियबान्धवः ।
प्रजा भृत्यांश्च पुत्रांश्च स्वधर्मेणानुपालय ॥ १२.३००.२६ ॥
You are such a self-controlled kṣatriya, dear to your kinsmen. Protect your subjects, servants and sons by your own dharma.
12.300.27
इष्टानिष्टसमायोगे वैरं सौहार्दमेव च ।
अथ जातिसहस्राणि बहूनि परिवर्तते ॥ १२.३००.२७ ॥
In the union of the desired and the undesired, enmity and friendship arise as well. Then thousands of births, many of them, keep revolving.
12.300.28
तस्माद्गुणेषु रज्येथा मा दोषेषु कथंचन ।
निर्गुणोऽपि हि दुर्बुद्धिरात्मनः सोतिरिच्यते ॥ १२.३००.२८ ॥
Therefore take delight in virtues, never in faults in any way. Even one without virtue, of foolish mind, becomes all the more (harmful) to himself.
12.300.29
मानुषेषु महाराज धर्माधर्मौ प्रवर्ततः ।
न तथाऽन्येषु भूतेषु मनुष्यरहितेष्विह ॥ १२.३००.२९ ॥
O great king, dharma and adharma operate among human beings; not so among other creatures here, which are devoid of humans.
12.300.30
धर्मशीलो नरो विद्वानीहकोऽनीहकोपि वा ।
आत्मभूतः सदा लोके चरेद्भूतान्यहिंसया ॥ १२.३००.३० ॥
A man of righteous character and learning, whether engaged in action or not, should always move through the world regarding beings as his own self, with non-harm.
12.300.31
यदा व्यपेतहृल्लेखं मनो भवति तस्य वै ।
नानृतं चैव भवति तदा कल्याणमृच्छति ॥ १२.३००.३१ ॥
When a man's mind is free from the lines of the heart's agitation, and no falsehood remains in him, then he attains welfare.