Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.304
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12.304.1
पुनरेव तु पप्रच्छ जनको मिथिलाधिपः ।
पराशरं महात्मानं धर्मे परमनिश्चयम् ॥ १२.३०४.१ ॥
Again Janaka, lord of Mithilā, asked the great-souled Parāśara about the supreme certainty in dharma.
12.304.2
किं श्रेयः का गतिर्ब्रह्मन्किं कृतं न विनश्यति ।
क्व गतो न निवर्तेत तन्मे ब्रूहि महामते ॥ १२.३०४.२ ॥
O brahmin, what is the highest good, what is the goal, what deed does not perish, and where, having gone, does one not return? O great-minded one, tell me that.
12.304.3
असङ्गः श्रेयसो मूलं ज्ञानं ज्ञानगतिः परा ।
चीर्णं तपो न प्रणश्येद्वापः क्षेत्रे न नश्यति ॥ १२.३०४.३ ॥
Non-attachment is the root of the highest good; knowledge, and the supreme goal of knowledge. Austerity once performed does not perish, just as seed sown in a field does not perish.
12.304.4
छित्त्वाऽधर्ममयं पाशं यदा धर्मेऽभिरज्यते ।
दत्त्वाऽभयकृतं दानं तदा सिद्धिमवाप्नुते ॥ १२.३०४.४ ॥
When one, having cut the noose made of adharma, delights in dharma, and gives the gift that creates fearlessness, then he attains perfection.
12.304.5
यो ददाति सहस्राणि गवामश्वशतानि च ।
अभयं सर्वभूतेभ्यः सदा तमभिवर्तते ॥ १२.३०४.५ ॥
He who gives thousands of cows and hundreds of horses, yet grants fearlessness to all beings, that one always attains it.
12.304.6
वसन्विषयमध्येऽपि न वसत्येव बुद्धिमान् ।
संवसत्येव दुर्बुद्धिरसत्सु विषयेष्वपि ॥ १२.३०४.६ ॥
The wise man, though dwelling amid sense-objects, truly does not dwell in them; but the foolish man dwells even among unreal sense-objects.
12.304.7
नाधर्मः श्लिष्यते प्राज्ञं पयः पुष्करपर्णवत् ।
अप्राज्ञमधिकं पापं श्लिष्यते जतुकाष्ठवत् ॥ १२.३०४.७ ॥
Unrighteousness does not cling to the wise man, as water does not cling to a lotus leaf; but to the unwise man great sin clings, like lac to wood.
12.304.8
नाधर्मः कारणापेक्षी कर्तारमभिमुञ्चति ।
कर्ता खलु यथाकालं ततः समभिपद्यते ॥ १२.३०४.८ ॥
Unrighteousness, depending on its cause, does not leave its doer; the doer himself in due time comes to meet it.
12.304.9
न भिद्यन्ते कृतात्मान आत्मप्रत्ययदर्शिनः ।
बुद्धिकर्मेन्द्रियाणां हि प्रमत्तो यो न बुध्यते।
शुभाशुभे प्रसक्तात्मा प्राप्नोति सुमहद्भयम् ॥ १२.३०४.९ ॥
Those who have tamed themselves and see with self-knowledge are not split apart. The heedless man who does not understand the faculties of knowledge and action, whose mind is attached to good and evil, obtains very great fear.
12.304.10
वीतरागो जितक्रोधः सम्यग्भवति यः सदा ।
विषये वर्तमानोऽपि न स पापेन युज्यते ॥ १२.३०४.१० ॥
He who is wholly free from desire and has conquered anger, always abiding rightly, is not joined to sin even while dwelling among sense-objects.
12.304.11
मर्यादायां वर्तमानोऽपि नावसीदति ।
पुष्टस्रोत इवासक्तः स्फीतो भवति संचयः ॥ १२.३०४.११ ॥
Even one abiding within due bounds does not sink; like a stream well-fed and unattached, his store swells and grows.
12.304.12
यथा भानुगतं तेजो मणिः शुद्धः समाधिना ।
आदत्ते राजशार्दूल तथा योगः प्रवर्तते ॥ १२.३०४.१२ ॥
As a pure jewel, through concentration, draws in the radiance resting in the sun, O tiger among kings, so yoga proceeds.
12.304.13
यथा तिलानामिह पुण्यसंश्रया ।
त्पृथक्पृथग्याति गुणोऽतिसाम्यताम्।
तथा नराणां भुवि भावितात्मनां ।
यथाश्रयं सत्वगुणः प्रवर्तते ॥ १२.३०४.१३ ॥
Just as the qualities of sesame seeds, resting on what is good, become separately yet attain perfect equality, so in men on earth whose souls are cultivated, the quality of goodness arises according to their support.
12.304.14
जहाति दारान्विविधाश्च संपदः ।
पदं च यानं विविधाश्च सत्क्रियाः।
त्रिविष्टपे जातमतिर्यदा नर ।
स्तदाऽस्य बुद्धिर्विषयेषु भिद्यते ॥ १२.३०४.१४ ॥
When a man's mind has arisen in the three worlds, he abandons wives, manifold riches, station, vehicles and various good acts; then his intellect turns away from sense-objects.
12.304.15
प्रसक्तबुद्धिर्विषयेषु यो नरो ।
न बुध्यते ह्यात्महितं कथंचन।
स सर्वभावानुगतेन चेतसा ।
नृपाऽऽमिषेणेव झषो विकृष्यते ॥ १२.३०४.१५ ॥
The man whose intellect is attached to sense-objects never truly understands his own welfare; with a mind that follows every state of being, O king, he is dragged along as a fish is pulled by bait.
12.304.16
संघातवन्मर्त्यलोकः परस्परमपाश्रितः ।
कदलीगर्भनिःसारो नौरिवाप्सु निमज्जति ॥ १२.३०४.१६ ॥
This mortal world, like an aggregate, depends upon one another; empty of substance like the core of a plantain, it sinks as a boat sinks in water.
12.304.17
न धर्मकालः पुरुषस्य निश्चितो ।
न चापि मृत्युः पुरुषं प्रतीक्षते।
सदा हि धर्मस्य क्रियैव शोभना ।
तदा नरो मृत्युमुखान्निवर्तते ॥ १२.३०४.१७ ॥
No fixed time for dharma is given to a man, and death does not wait for him; therefore the practice of dharma alone is always fitting, and only then does a man turn back from the jaws of death.
12.304.18
यथाऽन्धः स्वगृहे युक्तो ह्यभ्यासादेव गच्छति ।
तथा युक्तेन मनसा प्राज्ञो गच्छति तां गतिम् ॥ १२.३०४.१८ ॥
As a blind man moves about his own house through sheer practice, so the wise man with a disciplined mind reaches that goal.
12.304.19
मरणं जन्मनि प्रोक्तं जन्म वै मरणाश्रितम् ।
अविद्वान्मोक्षधर्मेषु बद्धो भ्रमति चक्रवत् ॥ १२.३०४.१९ ॥
Death is declared to be in birth, and birth indeed rests upon death. The ignorant man, ignorant of the teachings of liberation, wanders bound like a wheel.
12.304.20
बुद्धिमार्गप्रयातस्य सुखं त्विह परत्र च ।
विस्तराः क्लेशसंयुक्ताः संक्षेपास्तु सुखावहाः।
परार्थं विस्तराः सर्वे त्यागमांत्महितं विदुः ॥ १२.३०४.२० ॥
For one who walks the path of the intellect there is happiness both here and hereafter. Lengthy teachings are full of trouble, but concise ones bring happiness. All lengthy teachings are for the sake of others; they know renunciation to be the welfare of the self.
12.304.21
यथा मृणालानुगतमाशु मुञ्चति कर्दमम् ।
तथाऽऽत्मा पुरुषस्येह मनसा परिमुच्यते ॥ १२.३०४.२१ ॥
As one clinging to a lotus stalk is quickly freed from the mud, so the self of a man here is fully released through the mind.
12.304.22
मनः प्रणयतेऽऽत्मानं स एनमभियुञ्जति ।
युक्तो यदा स भवति तदा तं पश्यते परम् ॥ १२.३०४.२२ ॥
The mind leads the self; he joins it to yoga. When he has become united, then he sees that supreme one.
12.304.23
परार्थे वर्तमानस्तु स्वं कार्यं योऽभिमन्यते ।
इन्द्रियार्थेषु सक्तः स स्वकार्यात्परिहीयते ॥ १२.३०४.२३ ॥
He who, though engaged in the good of others, takes it as his own task, but is attached to the objects of the senses, falls away from his own duty.
12.304.24
अधस्तिर्यग्गतिं चैव स्वर्गे चैव परां गतिम् ।
प्राप्नोति सुकृतैरात्मा प्राज्ञस्येहेतरस्य च ॥ १२.३०४.२४ ॥
The self obtains a lower or animal course of existence, and in heaven the supreme destination, through its good deeds — here, for the wise man and for the other.
12.304.25
मृन्मये भाजने पक्वे यथा वै नश्यति द्रवः ।
तथा शरीरं तपसा तप्तं विषयमश्नुते ॥ १२.३०४.२५ ॥
As liquid is lost from a fired clay vessel, so the body heated by austerity enjoys sense-objects.
12.304.26
विषयानश्नुते यस्तु न स भोक्ष्यत्यसंशयम् ।
यस्तु भोगांस्त्यजेदात्मा स वै भोक्तुं व्यवस्यति ॥ १२.३०४.२६ ॥
He who enjoys sense-objects will not enjoy them, without doubt; but the self that gives up pleasures is the one that resolves to enjoy.
12.304.27
नीहारेण हि संवीतः शिश्नोदरपरायणः ।
जात्यन्ध इव पन्थानमावृतात्मा न बुध्यते ॥ १२.३०४.२७ ॥
Enveloped in mist, devoted to the genitals and the belly, like one born blind, the self with its covering does not perceive the path.
12.304.28
वणिग्यथा समुद्राद्वै यथार्थं लभते धनम् ।
तथा मर्त्यार्णवाज्जन्तोः कर्मविज्ञानतो गतिः ॥ १२.३०४.२८ ॥
As a merchant obtains true wealth from the ocean, so the course of a living being from the ocean of mortal life comes through knowledge of action.
12.304.29
अहोरात्रमये लोके जरारूपेण संचरन् ।
मृत्युर्ग्रसति भूतानि पवनं पन्नगो यथा ॥ १२.३०४.२९ ॥
In this world made of day and night, moving about in the form of old age, death seizes beings as a serpent seizes the wind.
12.304.30
स्वयं कृतानि कर्माणि जातो जन्तुः प्रपद्यते ।
नाकृतं लभते कश्चित्किंचिदत्र प्रियाप्रियम् ॥ १२.३०४.३० ॥
A born creature meets the fruits of the deeds it has itself done. Here no one obtains anything, pleasant or unpleasant, that he has not done.
12.304.31
सयानं यान्तमासीनं प्रवृत्तं विषयेषु च ।
शुभाशुभानि कर्माणि प्रपद्यन्ते नरं सदा ॥ १२.३०४.३१ ॥
Over a man who walks, goes, sits, or is engaged in sense-objects, good and bad deeds always overtake him.
12.304.32
न ह्यन्यत्तीरमासाद्य पुनस्तर्तुं व्यवस्यति ।
दुर्लभो दृश्यते ह्यस्य विनिपातो महार्णवे ॥ १२.३०४.३२ ॥
Having reached another shore, one does not undertake to cross again; in the great ocean such a sinking of his is seldom seen.
12.304.33
यथा भावावसन्ना हि नौर्महाम्भसि तन्तुना ।
यथा मनोभियोगाद्वै शरीरं प्रचिकीर्षति ॥ १२.३०४.३३ ॥
As a boat in the great water, weighed down by its condition and bound by a thread, sinks, so the body is set in motion by the mind's striving.
12.304.34
यथा समुद्रमभितः संश्रिताः सरितोऽपराः ।
तथाऽन्याप्रकृतिर्योगादभिसंश्रियते सदा ॥ १२.३०४.३४ ॥
As other rivers on every side resort to the ocean, so the other nature, by union, always resorts to it.
12.304.35
स्नेहपाशैर्बहुविधैरासक्तमनसो नराः ।
प्रकृतिस्था विषीदन्ति जले सैकतवेश्मवत् ॥ १२.३०४.३५ ॥
Men whose minds are attached by many kinds of nooses of affection, abiding in nature, despair and sink, like a house of sand in water.
12.304.36
शरीरगृहसंस्थस्य शौचतीर्थस्य देहिनः ।
बुद्धिमार्गप्रयातस्य सुखं त्विह परत्र च ॥ १२.३०४.३६ ॥
For the embodied being who dwells in the house of the body, whose holy place is purity, and who walks the path of intellect, there is happiness here and hereafter.
12.304.37
विस्तराः क्लेशसंयुक्ताः संक्षेपास्तु सुखावहाः ।
परार्थं विस्तराः सर्वे त्यागमात्महितं विदुः ॥ १२.३०४.३७ ॥
Expansions are bound up with suffering, but condensations bring happiness. All expansions are for the sake of others; the wise know that renunciation is one's own welfare.
12.304.38
संकल्पजो मित्रवर्गो ज्ञातयः कारणात्मकाः ।
भार्या पुत्रश्च दासश्च स्वमर्थमनुयुञ्जते ॥ १२.३०४.३८ ॥
Friends and kinsmen, born of desire, are bound by their causes. Wife, son and servant also pursue their own interests.
12.304.39
न माता न पिता किंचित्कस्यचित्प्रतिपद्यते ।
दानपथ्यौदनो जन्तु स्वकर्मफलमश्नुते ॥ १२.३०४.३९ ॥
Neither mother nor father takes on anything for another. A living being whose wholesome food is charity enjoys the fruit of his own deeds.
12.304.40
माता पुत्रः पिता भ्राता भार्या मित्रजनस्तथा ।
अष्टापदपदस्थाने लाक्षामुद्रेव लक्ष्यते ॥ १२.३०४.४० ॥
Mother, son, father, brother, wife and friends likewise appear, in the place of an eight-footed step, like a seal of lac.
12.304.41
सर्वाणि कर्माणि पुराकृतानि ।
शुभाशुभान्यात्मनो यान्ति जन्तोः।
उपस्थितं कर्मफलं विदित्वा ।
बुद्धिं तथा चोदयतेऽन्तरात्मा ॥ १२.३०४.४१ ॥
All deeds done in the past, good and bad, belong to the self and go with the living being. Knowing the fruit of action that has arisen, the inner self impels the intellect accordingly.
12.304.42
व्यवसायं समाश्रित्य सहायान्योऽधिगच्छति ।
न तस्य कश्चिदारम्भः कदाचिदवसीदति ॥ १२.३०४.४२ ॥
He who, relying on resolute effort, obtains allies, never sees any of his undertakings falter.
12.304.43
अद्वैधमनसं युक्तं शूरं धीरं विपश्चितम् ।
न श्रीः संत्यजते नित्यमादित्यमिव रश्मयः ॥ १२.३०४.४३ ॥
Fortune never forsakes the man of single mind, self-controlled, brave, steadfast and wise, as the rays never forsake the sun.
12.304.44
आस्तिक्यव्यवसायाभ्यामुपायान्वितया धिया ।
य आरभत्यनिन्द्यात्मा न सोऽर्थात्परिसीदति ॥ १२.३०४.४४ ॥
He who begins with faith and resolute effort, with an intellect furnished with means, and a blameless self, does not sink away from his aim.
12.304.45
सर्वःस्वानि शुभाशुभानि नियतं कर्माणि जन्तुःस्वयं ।
गर्भात्संप्रतिपद्यते तदुभयं यत्तेन पूर्वं कृतम्।
मृत्युश्चापरिहारवान्समगतिः कालेन विच्छेदिना ।
दारोश्चूर्णमिवाश्मसारविहितं कर्मान्तिकं प्रापयेत् ॥ १२.३०४.४५ ॥
Every living being obtains from the womb itself the good and bad deeds fixed by his own past conduct. Death cannot be averted; time, which cuts all things alike, brings the end of deeds as an iron tool reduces wood to dust.
12.304.46
स्वरूपतामात्मकृतं च विस्तरं ।
कुलान्वयं द्रव्यसमृद्धिसंचयम्।
नरो हि सर्वो भलते यथाकृतं ।
शुभाशुभेनात्मकृतेन कर्मणा ॥ १२.३०४.४६ ॥
A man obtains his form, his extent, his family line and his accumulation of abundant wealth according to what he has done. Every man receives, by his own good and bad deeds, just as he has acted.
12.304.47
इत्युक्तो जनको राजन्याथातथ्यं मनीषिणा ।
श्रुत्वा धर्मविदां श्रेष्ठः परां मुदमवाप ह ॥ १२.३०४.४७ ॥
Thus instructed by the wise sage in the true reality, O king, Janaka, best among those who know dharma, heard it and attained supreme joy.