Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.305
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12.305.1
सत्यं दमं क्षमां प्रज्ञां प्रशंसन्ति पितामह ।
विद्वांसो मनुजा लोके कथमेतन्मतं तव ॥ १२.३०५.१ ॥
Grandfather, the learned among men in the world praise truth, self-restraint, forbearance and wisdom. How is it that this is your view?
12.305.2
अत्र ते वर्तयिष्येऽहमितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
साध्यानामिह संवादं हंसस्य च युधिष्ठिर ॥ १२.३०५.२ ॥
Yudhiṣṭhira, on this matter I will relate to you an ancient account, the dialogue of the Sādhyas and a swan.
12.305.3
हंसो भूत्वाऽथ सौवर्णस्त्वजो नित्यः प्रजापतिः ।
स वै पर्येति लोकांस्त्रीनथ साध्यानुपागमत् ॥ १२.३०५.३ ॥
That golden, unborn, eternal Lord of Creatures, having become a swan, wandered through the three worlds and then came to the Sādhyas.
12.305.4
शकुने वयं स्म देवा वै साध्यास्त्वामनुयुङ्क्ष्महे ।
पृच्छामस्त्वां मोक्षधर्मं भवांश्च किल मोक्षवित् ॥ १२.३०५.४ ॥
O bird, we are the Sādhya gods; we ask you about the dharma of liberation, for you are indeed a knower of liberation.
12.305.5
श्रुतोसि नः पण्डितो धीरवादी ।
साधुः शब्दश्चरते ते पतत्रिन्।
किं मन्यसे श्रेष्ठतमं द्विज त्वं ।
कस्मिन्मनस्ते रमते महात्मन् ॥ १२.३०५.५ ॥
We have heard that you are learned and speak with steadfast words; your speech is fair. Twice-born one, what do you hold to be most excellent, and in what does your mind, O great-souled one, delight?
12.305.6
तन्नः कार्यं पक्षिवर प्रशाधि ।
यत्कार्याणां मन्यसे श्रेष्ठमेकम्।
यत्कृत्वा वै पुरुषः सर्वबन्धै ।
र्विमुच्यते विहगेन्द्रेह शीघ्रम् ॥ १२.३०५.६ ॥
Best of birds, instruct us in that one matter which you hold to be the most excellent of all matters, by doing which a man is quickly freed from all bonds right here, O lord of birds.
12.305.7
इदं कार्यममृताशाः शृणुध्वं ।
तपो दमः सत्यमात्माभिगुप्तिः।
ग्रन्थीन्विमुच्य हृदयस्य सर्वा ।
न्प्रियाप्रिये स्वं वशमानयीत ॥ १२.३०५.७ ॥
This is the duty, O seekers of immortality, hear it: austerity, self-restraint, truthfulness, and guarding the self. Having loosened all the knots of the heart, one should bring the pleasant and the unpleasant under one's own control.
12.305.8
नारुतुदः स्यान्न नृशंसवादी ।
न हीनतः परमभ्याददीत।
ययाऽस्य वाचा पर उद्विजेत ।
न तां वदेदुशतिं पापलोक्याम् ॥ १२.३०५.८ ॥
One should not wound others with speech, nor speak cruel words. One should not accept anything from the base. One should not utter that harsh word by which another is distressed, a word leading to sinful worlds.
12.305.9
वाक्सायका वदनान्निष्यतन्ति ।
यैराहतः शोचति रात्र्यहानि।
परस्य नामर्मसु ते पतन्ति ।
तान्पण्डितो नावसृजेत्परेषु ॥ १२.३०५.९ ॥
Arrows of speech fly from the mouth; struck by them, a man grieves night and day. They fall upon the vital spots of others. The wise do not loose them upon others.
12.305.10
परश्चेदेनमतिवादवाणै ।
र्भृशं विध्येच्छम एवेह कार्यः।
संरोष्यमाणः प्रतिहृष्यते यः ।
स आदत्ते सुकृतं वै परस्य ॥ १२.३०५.१० ॥
If another pierces him severely with arrows of harsh speech, calm should be practised here. He who, angered, rejoices in return, takes away the merit of the other.
12.305.11
क्षेपायमाणमभिषङ्गव्यलीकं ।
निगृह्णाति ज्वलितं यश्च मन्युम्।
अदुष्टचेता मुदितोऽनसूयुः ।
स आदत्ते सुकृतं वै परेषाम् ॥ १२.३०५.११ ॥
He who, enduring reproach, assault and falsehood, restrains blazing anger, whose mind is untainted, who is joyful and free from envy, he takes away the merit of others.
12.305.12
आक्रुश्यमानो न वदामि किंचि ।
त्क्षमाम्यहं ताड्यमानश्च नित्यम्।
श्रेष्ठं ह्येतद्यत्क्षमामाहुरार्याः ।
सत्यं तथैवार्जवमानृशंस्यम् ॥ १२.३०५.१२ ॥
Though reviled, I say nothing; though struck, I always forbear. The noble ones call this forbearance the highest, and truth, uprightness and kindness likewise.
12.305.13
वेदस्योपनिषत्सत्यं सत्यस्योपनिषद्दमः ।
दमस्योपनिषन्मोक्ष एतत्सर्वानुशासनम् ॥ १२.३०५.१३ ॥
The essence of the Veda is truth; the essence of truth is self-restraint; the essence of self-restraint is liberation. This is the whole teaching.
12.305.14
वाचो वेगं मनसः क्रोधवेगं ।
विधित्सावेगमुदरोपस्थवेगम्।
एतान्वेगान्यो विषहेदुदीर्णां ।
स्तं मन्येऽहं ब्राह्मणं वै मुनिं च ॥ १२.३०५.१४ ॥
He who endures these surging impulses — of speech, of the mind, of anger, of the wish for revenge, of belly and sex — him I consider a brahmin and a sage.
12.305.15
अक्रोधनः क्रुध्यतां वै विशिष्ट ।
स्तथा तितिक्षुरतितिक्षोर्विशिष्टः।
अमानुषान्मानुषो वै विशिष्ट ।
स्तथाऽज्ञानाज्ज्ञानवान्वै विशिष्टः ॥ १२.३०५.१५ ॥
The one free from anger is superior to those who are angry; the forbearing is superior to the impatient; the human is superior to the non-human; and the one with knowledge is superior to the ignorant.
12.305.16
आक्रुश्यमानो नाक्रोशेन्मन्युरेवं तितिक्षतः ।
आक्रोष्टारं निर्दहति सुकृतं चास्य विन्दति ॥ १२.३०५.१६ ॥
For one who is reviled but does not revile in return, the anger of the forbearing one burns up the reviler, and he himself gains the other's merit.
12.305.17
यो नायुक्तः प्राह रूक्षं प्रियं वा ।
यो वा हतो न प्रतिहन्ति धैर्यात्।
पापं च यो नेच्छति तस्य हन्तु ।
स्तस्येह देवाः स्पृहयन्ति नित्यम् ॥ १२.३०५.१७ ॥
He who speaks no harsh or pleasing words improperly, who out of steadiness does not strike back when struck, and who does not desire sin — the gods always long for him here.
12.305.18
पापीयसः क्षमेतैव श्रेयसः सदृशस्य च ।
विमानितो हतोक्रुष्ट एवं सिद्धिं गमिष्यति ॥ १२.३०५.१८ ॥
One should forgive even the wicked, the better, and the equal; insulted, struck, and reviled, one in this way will attain perfection.
12.305.19
सदाऽहमार्यान्निभृतोप्युपासे ।
न मे विधित्सोत्सहते न रोषः।
न चाप्यहं लिप्समानः परैमि ।
न चैव किंचिद्विषमेण यामि ॥ १२.३०५.१९ ॥
I always serve the noble ones with humility; no desire to harm arises in me, nor anger; and I do not go to others out of greed, nor do I pursue anything by unfair means.
12.305.20
नाहं शप्तः प्रतिशपामि कंचि ।
द्दमं द्वारं ह्यमृतस्येह वेद्मि।
गुह्यं ब्रह्म तदिदं ब्रवीमि ।
न मानुषाच्छ्रेष्ठतरं हि किंचित् ॥ १२.३०५.२० ॥
Though cursed, I do not curse back at anyone; self-restraint is the door to immortality, and I know this here. I declare this secret knowledge of Brahman: there is nothing higher than a human being.
12.305.21
निर्मुच्यमानः पापेभ्यो घनेभ्य इव चन्द्रमाः ।
विरजाः कालमाकाङ्क्षन्धीरो धैर्येण सिध्यति ॥ १२.३०५.२१ ॥
Like the moon freed from clouds, freed from sins, stainless, awaiting the right time, the steadfast one attains perfection through steadiness.
12.305.22
यः सर्वेषां भवति ह्यर्चनीय ।
उत्सेचने स्तम्भ इवाभिजातः।
यस्मै वाचं सुप्रसन्नां वदन्ति ।
स वै देवान्गच्छति संयतात्मा ॥ १२.३०५.२२ ॥
He who is worthy of honour from all, like a noble pillar of a swing, to whom people speak in most gracious words, that self-restrained man goes to the gods.
12.305.23
न तथा वक्तुमिच्छन्ति कल्याणान्पुरुषे गुणान् ।
यथैषां वक्तुमिच्छन्ति नैर्गुण्यमनुयुञ्जकाः ॥ १२.३०५.२३ ॥
People do not wish to speak of a man's good qualities in the way that those who seek out faults wish to speak of his lack of virtue.
12.305.24
यस्य वाङ्भनसी गुप्ते सम्यक्प्रणिहिते सदा ।
वेदास्तपश्च त्यागश्च स इदं सर्वमाप्नुयात् ॥ १२.३०५.२४ ॥
He whose speech and mind are always well guarded and fully directed obtains all this: the Vedas, austerity and renunciation.
12.305.25
आक्रोशनविमानाभ्यां नाबुधान्बोधयेद्बुधः ।
तस्मान्न वर्धयेदन्यं न चात्मानं विहिंसयेंत् ॥ १२.३०५.२५ ॥
A wise man should not try to instruct the unwise by abuse and insult. Therefore he should not inflame another, nor should he harm himself.
12.305.26
अमृतस्येव संतृप्येदवमानस्य पण्डितः ।
सुखं ह्यवमतः शेते योऽवमन्ता स नश्यति ॥ १२.३०५.२६ ॥
The learned man should be satisfied by contempt as if it were nectar. The one who is despised sleeps happily, but the despiser perishes.
12.305.27
यत्क्रोधनो यजति यद्ददाति ।
यद्वा तपस्तप्यति यज्जुहोति।
वैवस्वतस्तद्धरतेऽस्य सर्वं ।
मोघः श्रमो भवति हि क्रोधनस्य ॥ १२.३०५.२७ ॥
Whatever the wrathful man sacrifices, whatever he gives, whatever austerity he performs, whatever oblation he offers, Vaivasvata takes all of it from him; the labour of the wrathful man indeed becomes fruitless.
12.305.28
चत्वारि यस्य द्वाराणि सुगुप्तान्यमरोत्तमाः ।
उपस्थमुदरं हस्तौ वाक्चतुर्थी स धर्मवित् ॥ १२.३०५.२८ ॥
O best of the immortals, he whose four gates — the genital organ, the belly, the two hands, and speech as the fourth — are well guarded, he is the knower of dharma.
12.305.29
सत्यं दमं ह्यार्जवमानृशंस्यं ।
धृतिं तितिक्षामभिसेवमानः।
स्वाध्यायनित्योऽस्पृहयन्यरेषा ।
मेकान्तशील्यूर्ध्वगतिर्भवेत्सः ॥ १२.३०५.२९ ॥
He who practices truth, self-restraint, uprightness, non-cruelty, steadfastness and forbearance, who is constant in the study of scripture, does not covet what belongs to others, and loves solitude, shall attain the upward goal.
12.305.30
सर्वान्देदाननुचरन्वत्सवच्चतुरः स्तनान् ।
न पावनतमं किंचित्सत्याद्गध्यगमं क्वचित् ॥ १२.३०५.३० ॥
Following all the gods and suckling like a calf at the four teats (the Vedas), there is nothing more purifying than truth, nor anything anywhere more worthy to be reached.
12.305.31
आचक्षेऽहं मनुष्येभ्यो देवेभ्यः प्रतिसंचरन् ।
सत्यं स्वर्गस्य सोपानं पारावारस्य नौरिव ॥ १२.३०५.३१ ॥
Wandering among men and gods, I declare: truth is the staircase to heaven, like a boat across the ocean.
12.305.32
यादृशैः संविवदते यादृशांश्चोपसेवते ।
यादृगिच्छेच्च भवितुं तादृग्भवति पूरुषः ॥ १२.३०५.३२ ॥
Such people as he associates with, such as he serves, and such as he wishes to become — such a man becomes.
12.305.33
यदि सन्तं सेवति यद्यसन्तं ।
तपस्विनं यदि वा स्तेनमेव।
वासो यथा रागवशं प्रयाति ।
तथा स तेषां वशमभ्युपैति ॥ १२.३०५.३३ ॥
Whether he serves a good man, or a bad man, or an ascetic, or even a thief — as cloth goes under the sway of dye, so he comes under their sway.
12.305.34
सदा देवाः साधुभिः संवदन्ते ।
न मानुषं विषयं यान्ति द्रष्टुम्।
नेन्दुः समः स्यादसमो हि वायु ।
रुच्चावचं विषयं यः स वेद ॥ १२.३०५.३४ ॥
The gods always converse with the good; they do not go to see the realm of men. The moon cannot be equal, for the wind is unequal; he alone knows who knows the high and the low.
12.305.35
अदुष्टं वर्तमाने तु हृदयान्तरपूरुषे ।
तेनैव देवाः प्रीयन्ते सतां मार्गस्थितेन वै ॥ १२.३०५.३५ ॥
When the inner person within the heart abides unblemished, the gods are pleased by him alone who stands on the path of the good.
12.305.36
विश्नोदरे ये निरताः सदैव ।
स्तेना नरा वाक्यरुषाश्च नित्यम्।
अपेतधर्मानिति तान्विदित्वा ।
दूराद्देवः संपरिवर्जयन्ति ॥ १२.३०५.३६ ॥
Those always devoted to filling the belly, the thieves, and the men always angry in speech — knowing them to be devoid of dharma, the gods avoid them from afar.
12.305.37
न वै देवा हीनसत्वेन तोष्याः ।
सर्वाशिना दुष्कृतकर्मणा वा।
सत्यव्रता ये तु नराः कृतज्ञा ।
धर्मे रतास्तैः सह संभजन्ते ॥ १२.३०५.३७ ॥
The gods are not pleased by one of weak nature, nor by one who devours everything, nor by one who does evil deeds. But with those men who keep true vows, are grateful, and delight in dharma, they keep company.
12.305.38
अव्याहृतं व्याहृताच्छ्रेय आहुः ।
सत्यं वदेद्व्याहृतं तद्द्वितीयम्।
धर्म्यं वदेद्व्याहृतं तत्तृतीयं ।
प्रियं वदेद्व्याहृतं तच्चतुर्थम् ॥ १२.३०५.३८ ॥
They say that silence is better than speech. One should speak the truth — that is the second; one should speak what is lawful — that is the third; one should speak what is pleasing — that is the fourth.
12.305.39
केनायमावृतो लोकः केन वा न प्रकाशते ।
केन त्यजति मित्राणि केन स्वर्गं न गच्छति ॥ १२.३०५.३९ ॥
By what is this world enveloped, or by what is it not illumined? By what does a man abandon his friends, and by what does he not go to heaven?
12.305.40
अज्ञानेनावृतो लोको मात्सर्यान्न प्रकाशते ।
लोभात्त्यजति मित्राणि सङ्गात्स्वर्गं न गच्छति ॥ १२.३०५.४० ॥
The world is enveloped by ignorance, and by envy it is not illumined. From greed a man abandons his friends, and from attachment he does not go to heaven.
12.305.41
कः स्विदेको रमते ब्राह्मणानां ।
कः स्विदेको बहुभिर्जोषमास्ते।
कः स्विदेको बलवान्दुर्बलोपि ।
कः स्विदेषां कलहं नान्ववैति ॥ १२.३०५.४१ ॥
Who alone delights among the brahmins? Who alone sits in silence among many? Who alone is weak though strong? Who does not come to know their quarrel?
12.305.42
प्राज्ञ एको रमते ब्राह्मणानां ।
प्राज्ञश्चैको बहुभिर्जोषमास्ते
प्राज्ञ एको बलवान्दुर्बलोऽपि ।
प्राज्ञ एषां कलहं नान्वबैति ॥ १२.३०५.४२ ॥
The wise man alone delights among the brahmins. The wise man alone sits in silence among many. The wise man alone is weak though strong. The wise man does not come to know their quarrel.
12.305.43
किं ब्राह्मणानां देवत्वं किंच साधुत्वमुच्यते ।
असाधुत्वे च किं तेषां किमेषां मानुषं मतम् ॥ १२.३०५.४३ ॥
What is the divinity of the brahmins, and what is called their goodness? What is in their badness, and what is held to be their human nature?
12.305.44
स्वाध्याय एषां देवत्वं व्रतं साधुत्वमुच्यते ।
असाधुत्वं परीवादो मृत्युर्मानुष्यमुच्यते ॥ १२.३०५.४४ ॥
Their divinity is the recitation of the Veda; a vow is called their goodness. Badness is reproach; death is called their human nature.
12.305.45
इत्युक्त्वा परमो देवो भगवान्नित्य अव्ययः ।
साध्यैर्देवगणैः सार्धं दिवमेवारुरोह सः ॥ १२.३०५.४५ ॥
Having spoken thus, the supreme god, the blessed lord, eternal and imperishable, ascended to heaven together with the Sādhyas and the hosts of gods.
12.305.46
एतद्यशस्यमायुष्यं पुण्यं स्वर्गाय च ध्रुवम् ।
दर्शितं देवदेवेन परमेणाव्ययेन च ॥ १२.३०५.४६ ॥
This brings fame and long life, is meritorious, and surely leads to heaven; it was shown by the god of gods, the supreme and imperishable one.
12.305.47
संवाद इत्ययं श्रेष्ठः साध्यानां परिकीर्तितः ।
क्षेत्रं वै कर्मणां योनिः सद्भावः सत्यमुच्यते ॥ १२.३०५.४७ ॥
This dialogue is declared the best by the Sādhyas; it is the field and source of actions, and good disposition is called truth.