Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.306
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12.306.1
साङ्ख्ये योगे च मे तात विशेषं वक्तुमर्हसि ।
तव धर्मज्ञ सर्वं हि विदितं कुरुसत्तम ॥ १२.३०६.१ ॥
Dear grandfather, you should explain to me the distinction between Sāṅkhya and Yoga. Knower of dharma, best of the Kurus, all of it is indeed known to you.
12.306.2
साङ्ख्याः साङ्ख्यं प्रशंसन्ति योगा योगं द्विजातयः ।
वदन्ति कारणं श्रेष्ठं स्वपक्षोद्भावनाय वै ॥ १२.३०६.२ ॥
Adherents of Sāṅkhya praise Sāṅkhya, and adherents of Yoga praise Yoga; the twice-born state the best reasons, to establish their own side.
12.306.3
अनीश्वरः कथं मुच्येदित्येवं शत्रुसूदन ।
वदन्ति कारणश्रैष्ठ्यं योगाः सम्यङ्भनीषिणः ॥ १२.३०६.३ ॥
Destroyer of enemies, how would one without control be freed? On this question, the rightly wise Yogins state the superiority of their cause.
12.306.4
वदन्ति कारणं चेदं साङ्ख्याः सम्यग्द्विजातयः ।
विज्ञायेह गतीः सर्वा विरक्तो विषयेषु यः ॥ १२.३०६.४ ॥
The Sāṅkhya twice-born state this cause rightly: he who, having understood all the paths here, is detached from sense-objects.
12.306.5
ऊर्ध्वं च देहात्सुव्यक्तं विमुच्येदिति नान्यथा ।
एतदाहुर्महाप्राज्ञाः साङ्ख्यं वै मोक्षदर्शनम् ॥ १२.३०६.५ ॥
Rising up from the body, one is clearly freed, and not otherwise; the very wise say this. Sāṅkhya is indeed the teaching of liberation.
12.306.6
स्वपक्षे कारणं ग्राह्यं समर्थं वचनं हितम् ।
शिष्टानां हि मतं ग्राह्यं त्वद्विधैः शिष्टसंमतैः ॥ १२.३०६.६ ॥
In one's own position one should accept the argument that is capable and beneficial; the opinion of the learned is to be accepted, and especially the opinion approved by learned men such as you.
12.306.7
प्रत्यक्षहेतवो योगाः साङ्ख्याः शास्त्रविनिश्चयाः ।
उभे चैते मते तत्त्वे मम तात युधिष्ठिर ॥ १२.३०६.७ ॥
Yoga and Sāṅkhya, which take direct perception as their means, and the settled conclusions of the scriptures — dear son Yudhiṣṭhira, both of these are, in my view, true principles.
12.306.8
उभे चैते मते ज्ञाने नृपते शिष्टसंमते ।
अनुष्ठिते यथाशास्त्रं नयेतां परमां गतिम् ॥ १२.३०६.८ ॥
O king, these two are both regarded as knowledge, approved by the wise; when practised according to the scriptures, they lead to the highest goal.
12.306.9
तुल्यं शौचं तयोरेकं दया भूतेषु चानघ ।
व्रतानां धारणं तुल्यं दर्शनं न समं तयोः।
तयोस्तु दर्शनं सम्यक्सूक्ष्माभावे प्रसज्यते ॥ १२.३०६.९ ॥
Both have the same purity, and the same compassion toward beings, O sinless one; the observance of vows is also equal. But their insight is not equal. Their proper insight arises only when subtlety is absent.
12.306.10
यदि तुल्यं व्रतं शौचं दया चात्र फलं तथा ।
न तुल्यं दर्शनं कस्मात्तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥ १२.३०६.१० ॥
If vow, purity, and compassion, and their fruit too, are equal here, why is the vision not equal? Tell me that, O grandsire.
12.306.11
रागं मोहं तथा स्नेहं कामं क्रोधं च केवलम् ।
योगाच्छित्त्वा ततो दोषान्पञ्चैतान्प्राप्नुवन्ति ते ॥ १२.३०६.११ ॥
Having wholly cut away through yoga these five faults — attachment, delusion, likewise affection, desire, and anger — they attain it.
12.306.12
यथा चानिमिषाः स्थूला जालं छित्त्वा पुनर्जलम् ।
प्राप्नुवन्ति तथा योगास्तत्पदं वीतकल्मषाः ॥ १२.३०६.१२ ॥
As large fish, cutting through the net, regain the water, so the stainless yogis reach that state.
12.306.13
तथैव वागुरां छित्त्वा बलवन्तो यथा मृगाः ।
प्राप्नुयुर्विमलं मार्गं विमुक्ताः सर्वबन्धनैः ॥ १२.३०६.१३ ॥
Likewise, as strong deer, cutting the snare and freed from all bonds, attain the stainless path.
12.306.14
लोभजानि तथा राजन्बन्धनानि बलान्विताः ।
छित्त्वा योगात्परं मार्गं गच्छन्ति विमलं शिवम् ॥ १२.३०६.१४ ॥
O king, likewise the strong, cutting the bonds born of greed, go by yoga to the supreme, stainless, auspicious path.
12.306.15
अबलाश्च मृगा राजन्वागुरासु यथा परे ।
विनश्यन्ति न संदेहस्तद्वद्योगबलादृते ॥ १२.३०६.१५ ॥
O king, as weak deer and others perish in the snares, without doubt, so too without the strength of yoga (men) perish.
12.306.16
बलहीनाश्च कौन्तेय यथा जालं गता झषाः ।
अन्तं गच्छन्ति राजेन्द्र योगास्तद्वत्सुदुर्बलाः ॥ १२.३०६.१६ ॥
O son of Kuntī, as weak fish who enter the net come to their end, so too the very weak yogas, O lord of kings, come to their end.
12.306.17
यथा च शकुनाः सूक्ष्मं प्राप्य जालमरिंदम ।
तत्र सक्ता विपद्यन्ते मुच्यन्ते च बलान्विताः ॥ १२.३०६.१७ ॥
O subduer of foes, as birds that reach a fine net become caught there and perish, while the strong are freed.
12.306.18
कर्मजैर्बन्धनैर्बद्धास्तद्वद्योगाः परंतप ।
अबला वै विनश्यन्ति मुच्यन्ते च बलान्विताः ॥ १२.३०६.१८ ॥
O tormentor of foes, bound by bonds born of action, so too are the yogas: the weak indeed perish, while the strong are freed.
12.306.19
अल्पकश्च यथा राजन्वह्निः शाम्यति दुर्बलः ।
आक्रान्त इन्धनैः स्थूलैस्तद्वद्योगो बलः प्रभो ॥ १२.३०६.१९ ॥
O king, just as a small, weak fire is quenched when smothered by heavy fuel, so too yoga of weak strength is quenched, O lord.
12.306.20
स एव च यदा राजन्वह्निर्जातबलः पुनः ।
समीरणयुतः क्षिप्रं दहेत्कृत्स्नां महीमपि ॥ १२.३०६.२० ॥
O king, when that same fire, having regained its strength, is joined with the wind, it can swiftly burn the whole earth as well.
12.306.21
तद्वज्जातबलो योगी दीप्ततेजा महाबलः ।
अन्तकाल इवादित्यः कृत्स्नं संशोषयेज्जगत् ॥ १२.३०६.२१ ॥
Likewise, the yogi who has gained strength, of blazing radiance and great might, can dry up the entire world like the sun at the time of death.
12.306.22
दुर्बलश्च यथा राजन्स्रोतसा हियते नरः ।
बलहीनस्तथा योगो विषयैर्ह्रियतेऽवशः ॥ १२.३०६.२२ ॥
O king, just as a weak man is swept away by a stream, so too yoga without strength is helplessly carried away by sense-objects.
12.306.23
तदेव च महास्रोतो विष्टम्भयति वारणः ।
तद्वद्योगबलं लब्ध्वा व्यूहते विषयान्बहून् ॥ १२.३०६.२३ ॥
Just as an elephant checks that great stream, so too, having obtained the strength of yoga, the yogi restrains many sense-objects.
12.306.24
विशन्ति चावशाः पार्थ योगाद्योगबलान्विताः ।
प्रजापतीनृषीन्देवान्महाभूतानि चेश्वराः ॥ १२.३०६.२४ ॥
O son of Pṛthā, the helpless ones endowed with the strength of yoga, who through yoga become lords, enter the lords of creatures, the sages, the gods, and the great elements.
12.306.25
न यमो नान्तकः क्रुद्धो न नृत्युर्भीमविक्रमः ।
ईशते नृपते सर्वे योगस्यामिततेजसः ॥ १२.३०६.२५ ॥
O king, neither Yama, nor the angry Antaka, nor Death of terrible valour — all of them are under the power of the yogin of boundless splendour.
12.306.26
आत्मनां च सहस्राणि बहूनि भरतर्षभ ।
योगः कुर्याद्बलं प्राप्य तैश्च सर्वैर्महीं चरेत् ॥ १२.३०६.२६ ॥
O bull of the Bharatas, having gained strength, the yogin may make many thousands of selves, and with all of them he may wander the earth.
12.306.27
प्राप्नुयाद्विषयान्कश्चित्पुनश्चोग्रं तपश्चरेत् ।
संक्षिपेच्च पुनस्तात सूर्यस्तेतोगुणानिव ॥ १२.३०६.२७ ॥
Someone may obtain sense-objects and again practise fierce austerity; and, dear one, just as the sun gathers in its rays, so he may gather them in again.
12.306.28
बलस्थस्य हि योगस्य बन्धनेशस्य पार्थिव ।
विमोक्षे प्रभविष्णुत्वमुपपन्नमसंशयम् ॥ १२.३०६.२८ ॥
O king, for yoga established in power, and for the lord of bondage, the capacity to prevail in release is undoubtedly fitting.
12.306.29
बलानि योगप्राप्तानि मयैतानि विशांपते ।
निदर्शनार्थं सूक्ष्माणि वक्ष्यामि च पुनस्तव ॥ १२.३०६.२९ ॥
O lord of men, I have spoken of these powers attained through yoga; and for illustration, I shall tell you again of subtler things.
12.306.30
आत्मनश्च समाधाने धारणां प्रति वा विभो ।
निदर्शनानि सूक्ष्माणि शृणु मे भरतर्षभ ॥ १२.३०६.३० ॥
O mighty one, listen from me to the subtle illustrations concerning the self's concentration and the act of holding it fast, O bull of the Bharatas.
12.306.31
अप्रमत्तो यथा धन्वी लक्ष्यं हन्ति समाहितः ।
युक्तः सम्यक्तथा योगी मोक्षं प्राप्नोत्यसशयम् ॥ १२.३०६.३१ ॥
As an heedful, collected archer strikes his mark, so the yogin rightly yoked attains liberation without doubt.
12.306.32
स्नेहपूर्णे यथा पात्रे मन आधाय निश्चलम् ।
पुरुषो युक्त आरोहेत्सोपानं युक्तमानसः ॥ १२.३०६.३२ ॥
As a man with a disciplined mind, fixing his mind steadily on a vessel full of oil, climbs a stairway.
12.306.33
युक्तस्तथाऽयमात्मानं योगः षार्थिव निश्चलम् ।
करोत्यमलमात्मानं भास्करोपमदर्शनम् ॥ १२.३०६.३३ ॥
Likewise, O king, this yogin, disciplined, makes his self steady and makes the stainless self shine like the sun.
12.306.34
यथा च नावं कौन्तेय कर्णधारः समाहितः ।
महार्णवगतां शीघ्रं नयेत्पार्थिव पत्तनम् ॥ १२.३०६.३४ ॥
And as a helmsman, attentive, quickly brings a boat that has gone out into the great ocean, O king, to the harbour, O son of Kuntī.
12.306.35
तद्वदात्मसमाधानं युक्त्वा योगेन तत्ववित् ।
दुर्गमं स्थानमाप्नोति हित्वा देहमिमं नृप ॥ १२.३०६.३५ ॥
In the same way, the knower of truth, joined to yoga and composed in his self, abandons this body, O king, and attains an unreachable state.
12.306.36
सारथिश्च यथा युक्त्वा सदश्वान्सुसमाहितः ।
देशमिष्टं नयत्याशु धन्विनं पुरुषर्षभ ॥ १२.३०६.३६ ॥
And as a charioteer, having yoked good horses and being very attentive, quickly carries the archer to the desired land, O bull among men.
12.306.37
तथैव नृपते योगी धारणासु समाहितः ।
प्राप्नोत्याशु परं स्थानं लक्षं मुक्त इवाशुगः ॥ १२.३०६.३७ ॥
In the same way, O king, the yogin, collected in the practices of concentration, swiftly attains the supreme state, like a swift arrow released to its target.
12.306.38
आवेश्यात्मनि चात्मानं योगी तिष्ठति योचलः ।
पापं हन्ति पुनीतानां पदमाप्नोति सोऽजरम् ॥ १२.३०६.३८ ॥
Having absorbed the self in the self, the unwavering yogin remains; he destroys sin and attains the undecaying state of the purified.
12.306.39
नाभ्यां कण्ठे च शीर्षे च हृदि वक्षसि पार्श्वयोः ।
दर्शने श्रवणे चापि घ्राणे चामितविक्रम ॥ १२.३०६.३९ ॥
At the navel, at the throat and at the head, at the heart, at the chest, at both sides; at the sight, at the hearing, and also at the smell, O you of immeasurable valour.
12.306.40
स्थानेष्वेतेषु यो योगी महाव्रतसमाहितः ।
आत्मना सूक्ष्ममात्मानं युङ्क्ते सम्यग्विशांपते ॥ १२.३०६.४० ॥
The yogin who, composed in the great vow, at these places rightly joins the subtle self to the self by means of the self, O lord of the people.
12.306.41
स शीघ्रमचलप्रख्यं कर्म दग्ध्या शुभाशुभम् ।
उत्तमं योगमास्थाय यदीच्छति विमुच्यते ॥ १२.३०६.४१ ॥
He swiftly, like the immovable mountain, having burned away good and evil deeds and resorted to the supreme yoga, is liberated if he so desires.
12.306.42
आहारान्कीदृशान्कृत्वा कानि जित्वा च भारत ।
योगी बलमवाप्नोति तद्भवान्वक्तुमर्हति ॥ १२.३०६.४२ ॥
O descendant of Bharata, what kinds of food should one take, and what should one conquer, for the yogin to attain strength? You are fit to tell me that.
12.306.43
कणानां भक्षणे युक्तः पिण्याकस्य च भारत ।
स्नेहानां वर्जने युक्तो योगी बलमवाप्नुयात् ॥ १२.३०६.४३ ॥
O Bhārata, the yogi who is devoted to eating husks and oil-cake, and devoted to abstaining from fats, obtains strength.
12.306.44
भुञ्जानो यावकं रूक्षं दीर्घकालमरिंदम् ।
एकाहारो विशुद्धात्मा योगी बलमवाप्नुयात् ॥ १२.३०६.४४ ॥
O subduer of foes, the yogi who for a long time eats dry barley gruel and takes only one meal a day, pure in soul, obtains strength.
12.306.45
पक्षान्मासानृतूंश्चैतान्संवत्सरानहस्तथा ।
अपः पीत्वा पयोमिश्रा योगी बलमवाप्नुयात् ॥ १२.३०६.४५ ॥
Fasting in this way for fortnights, months, seasons and years, drinking only water mixed with milk, the yogi obtains strength.
12.306.46
अखण्डमपि वा मांसं सततं मनुजेश्वर ।
उपोष्य सम्यक्शुद्धात्मा योगी बलमवाप्नुयात् ॥ १२.३०६.४६ ॥
O lord of men, the yogi who constantly eats even whole meat, and fasts, becoming fully pure in soul, obtains strength.
12.306.47
कामं जित्वा तथा क्रोधं शीतोष्णे वर्षमेव च ।
भयं शोकं तथा श्वासं पौरुषान्विषयांस्तथा ॥ १२.३०६.४७ ॥
Having conquered desire, likewise anger, cold and heat, rain, fear, grief, breath, manly effort, and the sense-objects as well.
12.306.48
अरतिं दुर्जयां चैव घोरां तृष्णां च पार्थिव ।
स्पर्शं निद्रां तथा तन्द्रीं दुर्जयां नृपसत्तम ॥ १२.३०६.४८ ॥
O king, aversion which is hard to conquer and terrible craving, and likewise touch, sleep and drowsiness, which are hard to conquer, O best of kings.
12.306.49
दीपयन्ति महात्मानः सूक्ष्ममात्मानमात्मना ।
वीतरागा महाप्रज्ञा ध्यानाध्ययनसंपदा ॥ १२.३०६.४९ ॥
Great souls, free from desire and of great wisdom, kindle their subtle self by their own self, through the wealth of meditation and study.
12.306.50
दुर्गस्त्वेप मतः पन्था ब्राह्मणानां विपश्चिताम् ।
न कश्चिद्व्रजति ह्यस्मिन्क्षेमेण भरतर्षभ ॥ १२.३०६.५० ॥
This path is considered difficult even for learned brahmins; O bull of the Bharatas, no one walks on it safely.
12.306.51
यथा कश्चिद्वनं घोरं बहुसर्पसरीसृपम् ।
श्वभ्रवत्तोयहीनं च दुर्गमं बहुकण्टकम् ॥ १२.३०६.५१ ॥
As someone might enter a terrible forest, full of many snakes and crawling creatures, like a pit, waterless, hard to traverse and full of many thorns.
12.306.52
अभक्षमटवीप्रायं दावदग्धमहीरुहम् ।
पन्थानं तस्कराकीर्णं क्षेमेणाभिपतेद्युवा ॥ १२.३०६.५२ ॥
A young man should set out safely on a path without food, mostly wilderness, where great trees are burnt by forest fire, and infested with thieves.
12.306.53
योगमार्गं तथाऽऽसाद्य यः कश्चिद्व्रजते द्विजः ।
क्षेमेणोपरमेन्मार्गाद्बहुदोषो हि स स्मृतः ॥ १२.३०६.५३ ॥
If any twice-born man, having reached the path of yoga, goes on it and safely withdraws from that path, he is held to be very faulty.
12.306.54
सुस्थेयं क्षुरधारासु निशितासु महीपते ।
धारणासु तु योगस्य दुःस्थेयमकृतात्मभिः ॥ १२.३०६.५४ ॥
O lord of the earth, one can stand firmly on sharp razor edges with ease; but in the practices of yoga's concentration, it is hard to stand firm for those whose self is not disciplined.
12.306.55
विपन्ना धारणास्तात नयन्ति न शुभां गतिम् ।
नेतृहीना यथा नावः पुरुषानर्णवे नृप ॥ १२.३०६.५५ ॥
Dear son, lost concentrations do not lead to a good destination, just as boats without a steersman do not carry men across the ocean, O king.
12.306.56
यस्तु तिष्ठति कौन्तेय धारणासु यथाविधि ।
मरणं जन्म दुःखं च सुखं च स विमुञ्चति ॥ १२.३०६.५६ ॥
But he who stands firm in the concentrations, O son of Kuntī, according to the rule, releases death and birth, sorrow and happiness.
12.306.57
नानाशास्त्रेषु निष्पन्नं योगेष्विदमुदाहृतम् ।
परं योगस्य यत्कृत्यं निश्चितं तद्द्विजातिषु ॥ १२.३०६.५७ ॥
Established in various treatises, this has been declared concerning the yogas: the supreme duty of yoga is settled for the twice-born.
12.306.58
परं हि तद्ब्रह्ममयं महात्म ।
न्ब्रह्माणमीशं वरदं च विष्णुम्।
भवं च धर्मं च ष़डाननं च ।
षट्ब्रह्मपुत्रांश्च महान्भावान् ॥ १२.३०६.५८ ॥
That supreme is made of Brahman: the great-souled Brahmā, the Lord, the boon-giving Viṣṇu, Bhava and Dharma, the six-faced one, the six sons of Brahmā, and the great states.
12.306.59
तमश्च कष्टं सुमहद्रजश्च ।
सत्वं विशुद्धं प्रकृतिं परां च।
सिद्धिं च देवीं वरुणस्य पत्नीं ।
तेजश्च कृत्स्नं सुमहच्च धैर्यम् ॥ १२.३०६.५९ ॥
Darkness and harsh, very great passion, pure goodness, the supreme primal nature, accomplishment, the goddess consort of Varuṇa, the entire radiance, and very great steadfastness.
12.306.60
ताराधिपं खे विमलं सतारं ।
विश्वांश्च देवानुरगान्पितृंश्च।
शैलांश्च कृत्स्नानुदधींश्च घोरा ।
न्नदीश्च सर्वाः सवनान्घनांश्च ॥ १२.३०६.६० ॥
In the sky, the spotless lord of the stars together with the stars, all the gods, serpents and ancestors, the entire mountains, the terrible oceans, all the rivers, the sacrificial libations and the clouds.
12.306.61
नागान्नगान्यक्षगणान्दिशश्च ।
गन्धर्वसंघान्पुरुषान्स्त्रियश्च।
परात्परं प्राप्य महान्महात्मा ।
विशेत योगी नचिराद्विमुक्तः ॥ १२.३०६.६१ ॥
He sees the serpent-beings, the mountains, the hosts of yakṣas, the directions, the troops of gandharvas, men and women; having attained the highest from the highest, the great-souled yogin, soon liberated, enters into it.
12.306.62
कथा च येयं नृपते प्रसक्ता ।
देवे महावीर्यतमौ शुभेयम्।
योगी स सर्वानभिभूय मर्त्या ।
न्नारायणात्मा कुरुते महात्मा ॥ १२.३०६.६२ ॥
O king, this account is linked to the god, the most mighty of the two, and it is auspicious. That great-souled yogin, having overcome all mortals, makes his self one with Nārāyaṇa.