Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.307
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12.307.1
सम्पक्त्वयाऽयं नृपते वर्णितः शिष्टसंमतः ।
योगमार्गो यथान्यायं शिष्यायेह हितैषिणा ॥ १२.३०७.१ ॥
O king, this path of yoga, approved by the wise, has been described by you rightly, as a well-wishing teacher taught it here to his disciple.
12.307.2
साङ्ख्ये त्विदानीं कार्त्स्न्येन विधिं प्रब्रूहि पृच्छते ।
त्रिषु लोकेषु यज्ज्ञानं सर्वं तद्विदितं हि ते ॥ १२.३०७.२ ॥
Now explain fully the method of Sāṅkhya to me, who ask; all the knowledge that exists in the three worlds is indeed known to you.
12.307.3
शृणु मे त्वमिदं कृत्स्नं साङ्ख्यानां विदितात्मनाम् ।
विदितं यतिभिः सर्वैः कपिलादिभिरीश्वरैः ॥ १२.३०७.३ ॥
Hear from me this entire teaching of the Sāṅkhyas who have known the self; it has been known by all ascetics and by the lords such as Kapila.
12.307.4
यस्मिन्नविभ्रमाः केचिद्दृश्यन्ते मनुजर्षभ ।
गुणाश्च यस्मिन्बहवो दोषहानिश्च केवला ॥ १२.३०७.४ ॥
O bull among men, in which some are seen to be free from delusion, in which there are many qualities, and in which faults are wholly removed.
12.307.5
ज्ञानेन परिसङ्ख्याय सदोषान्विषयान्नृप ।
मानुषान्दुर्जयान्कृत्स्नान्पैशाचान्विषयांस्तथा ॥ १२.३०७.५ ॥
O king, having fully enumerated by knowledge the objects of the senses with their faults, the human objects that are hard to conquer, and likewise the demonic objects.
12.307.6
राक्षसान्विषयाञ्ज्ञात्वा यक्षाणां विषयांस्तथा ।
विषयानौरगाञ्ज्ञात्वा गान्धर्वविषयांस्तथा ॥ १२.३०७.६ ॥
Having known the objects of the rākṣasas, likewise the objects of the yakṣas, having known the objects of the serpents, and likewise the objects of the gandharvas.
12.307.7
पितृणां विषयाञ्ज्ञात्वा तिर्यक्षु चरतां नृप ।
सुपर्णविषयाञ्ज्ञात्वा मरुतां विषयांस्तथा ॥ १२.३०७.७ ॥
O king, having known the realms of the ancestors and of those who wander among the animals, having known the realms of the Suparṇas, and likewise the realms of the Maruts.
12.307.8
राजर्षिविषयाञ्ज्ञात्वा ब्रह्मर्षिविषयांस्तथा ।
आसुरान्विषयाञ्ज्ञात्वा वैश्वदेवांस्तथैव च ॥ १२.३०७.८ ॥
Having known the realms of royal sages and likewise the realms of brahmin sages, having known the realms of the asuras, and having known the realms of the Vaiśvadevas as well.
12.307.9
देवर्षिविषयाञ्ज्ञात्वा योगानामपि चेश्वरान् ।
प्रजापतीनां विषयान्ब्रह्मणो विषयांस्तथा ॥ १२.३०७.९ ॥
Having known the realms of divine sages, and the lords of the yogas, having known the realms of the Prajāpatis, and likewise the realm of Brahmā.
12.307.10
आयुषश्च परं कालं लोके विज्ञाय तत्त्वतः ।
सुखस्य च परं तत्त्वं विज्ञाय वदतां वर ॥ १२.३०७.१० ॥
Having truly understood in the world the supreme measure of life, and having understood the supreme truth of happiness, O best of speakers.
12.307.11
प्राप्ते काले च यद्दुःखं सततं विषयैषिणाम् ।
तिर्यक्षु पततां दुःखं पततां नरके च यत् ॥ १२.३०७.११ ॥
When the time comes, the suffering that constantly befalls those who seek sense-objects, the suffering of those who fall among animals, and the suffering of those who fall into hell.
12.307.12
स्वर्गस्य च गुणान्कृत्स्नान्दोषान्सर्वांश्च भारत ।
परिसंख्यानसंख्यानं सत्वं सांख्यगुणात्मकम्।
वेदवादे येऽपि दोषा गुणा ये चापि वैदिकाः ॥ १२.३०७.१२ ॥
O Bhārata, all the qualities and all the faults of heaven, enumeration and reckoning, the sattva consisting of the qualities of Sāṃkhya, the faults and merits found in the doctrine of the Vedas, and the Vedic merits as well.
12.307.13
ज्ञानयोगे च ये दोषा गुणा योगे च ये नृप ।
साङ्ख्यज्ञाने च ये दोषास्तथैव च गुणा नृप।
इतरेषु च ये दोषा गुणास्तेषु च भारत ॥ १२.३०७.१३ ॥
O king, whatever faults and virtues lie in the path of knowledge, and in yoga, O king; whatever faults lie in the knowledge of Sāṅkhya, and likewise its virtues, O king; and whatever faults and virtues lie in the others, O descendant of Bharata.
12.307.14
सत्वं दशगुणं ज्ञात्वा रजो नवगुणं तथा ।
तमश्चाष्टगुणं ज्ञात्वा वृद्धिं सप्तगुणां तथा ॥ १२.३०७.१४ ॥
Knowing sattva to be tenfold, rajas ninefold, and tamas eightfold, and knowing growth to be sevenfold, likewise.
12.307.15
षङ्गुणं च मनो ज्ञात्वा नभः पञ्चगुणं तथा ।
बुद्धिं चतुर्गुणां ज्ञात्वा तमश्च त्रिगुणं तथा ॥ १२.३०७.१५ ॥
Knowing the mind to be sixfold and space fivefold, likewise; knowing the intellect fourfold and tamas threefold, likewise.
12.307.16
द्विगुणं च रजो ज्ञात्वा सत्वमेकगुणं पुनः ।
सर्गं विज्ञाय तत्त्वेन प्रलये प्रेक्ष्य चात्मनः ॥ १२.३०७.१६ ॥
Knowing rajas to be twofold and sattva again onefold; having understood creation truly, and having seen the self at dissolution.
12.307.17
ज्ञानविज्ञानसंपन्नाः कारणैर्भाविताः शुभाः ।
प्राप्नुवन्ति शुभं मोक्षं सूक्ष्मा इव नभः परम् ॥ १२.३०७.१७ ॥
Those endowed with knowledge and discernment, imbued by causes, auspicious, attain auspicious liberation, becoming subtle like space, supreme.
12.307.18
रूपेण दृष्टिं संयुक्तां घ्राणं गन्धगुणेन च ।
शब्दे सक्तं तथा श्रोत्रं जिह्वा रसगुणेषु च ॥ १२.३०७.१८ ॥
Sight is joined to form, smell to the quality of odour; hearing is attached to sound, and likewise the tongue to the qualities of taste.
12.307.19
त्वचं स्पर्शे तथा सक्तां वायुं नभसि चाश्रितम् ।
मोहं तमसि संयुक्तं लोभमर्थेषु संश्रितम् ॥ १२.३०७.१९ ॥
The skin is attached to touch, and air rests in space. Delusion is joined to darkness, and greed rests in objects of wealth.
12.307.20
विष्णौ क्रान्तं बलं शक्रे कोष्ठे सक्तं तथाऽनलम् ।
अप्सु देवीं समासक्तामपस्तेजसि संश्रिताः ॥ १२.३०७.२० ॥
Strength pervades Viṣṇu and Indra; fire is attached to the belly. The goddess is wholly attached to the waters, and the waters rest in light.
12.307.21
तेजः सूक्ष्मे च संयुक्तं वायुं नभसि चाश्रितम् ।
नभो महति संयुक्तं महद्बुद्धौ च संश्रितम् ॥ १२.३०७.२१ ॥
Light is joined to the subtle, and air rests in space. Space is joined to the great, and the great rests in the great intellect.
12.307.22
बुद्धिं तमसि संसक्तां तमो रजसि संश्रितम् ।
रजः सत्वे तथा सक्तं सत्वं सक्तं तथाऽऽत्मनि ॥ १२.३०७.२२ ॥
The intellect is wholly attached to darkness, and darkness rests in passion. Passion is attached to goodness, and goodness is attached to the self.
12.307.23
सक्तमात्मानमीशे च देवे नारायणे तथा ।
देवं मोक्षे च संसक्तं मोक्षं सक्तं तु न क्वचित् ॥ १२.३०७.२३ ॥
The self is attached to the Lord, and likewise the god to Nārāyaṇa. The god is wholly attached to liberation, but liberation is attached nowhere at all.
12.307.24
ज्ञात्वा सत्वयुतं देहं वृतं षोडशभिर्गुणैः ।
स्वभावं चेतनां चैव ज्ञात्वा देहसमाश्रिते ॥ १२.३०७.२४ ॥
Knowing the body joined with goodness, enclosed by the sixteen qualities, and knowing nature and consciousness, which dwell in the embodied self.
12.307.25
मध्यस्थमेकमात्मानं पापं यस्मिन्न विद्यते ।
द्वितीयं कर्म विज्ञाय नृपते विषयैषिणाम् ॥ १२.३०७.२५ ॥
Know the one self, situated in the middle, in which no sin is found. O king, for those who seek sense-objects, the second thing is action; having understood this...
12.307.26
इन्द्रियाणीन्द्रियार्थांश्च सर्वानात्मनि संश्रितान् ।
दुर्लभत्वं च मोक्षस्य विज्ञाय श्रुतिपूर्वकम् ॥ १२.३०७.२६ ॥
Knowing all the senses and the objects of the senses, resting in the self, and the rarity of liberation, as taught by scripture...
12.307.27
प्राणापानौ समानं च व्यानोदानौ च तत्त्वतः ।
आवहं चानिलं ज्ञात्वा प्रवहं चानिलं पुनः ॥ १२.३०७.२७ ॥
Knowing truly the breaths prāṇa and apāna, samāna, vyāna and udāna, and again the inward-carrying wind (āvaha) and the outward-carrying wind (pravaha)...
12.307.28
सप्तवातांस्तथा शेषान्सप्तधा विहितान्पुनः ।
प्रजापतीनृषींश्चैव मार्गांश्चैव बहून्वरान् ॥ १२.३०७.२८ ॥
The seven winds, and likewise the remaining ones, arranged sevenfold; again, the lords of creatures and the sages, and many excellent paths...
12.307.29
सप्तर्षीश्च बहूञ्ज्ञात्वा राजर्षीश्च परंतप ।
सुरर्षीन्महतश्चान्यान्ब्रह्मर्षीन्सूर्यसन्निभान् ॥ १२.३०७.२९ ॥
Knowing the seven sages and many others, O scorcher of foes, the royal sages, the divine sages, the great ones, and the other brahmin sages who are like the sun...
12.307.30
ऐश्वर्याच्च्यावितान्दृष्ट्वा कालेन महता नृप ।
महतां भूतसङ्घानां श्रुत्वा नाशं च पार्थिव ॥ १२.३०७.३० ॥
O king, having seen those displaced from power by great time, and having heard, O ruler of the earth, of the destruction of great hosts of beings...
12.307.31
गतिं चाप्यशुभां ज्ञात्वा नृपते पापकर्मिणाम् ।
वैतरण्यां च यद्दुःखं पतितानां यमक्षये ॥ १२.३०७.३१ ॥
O king, having known the inauspicious destiny of those who commit evil deeds, and the suffering that those fallen into the abode of Yama endure in the Vaitaraṇī.
12.307.32
योनीषु च विचित्रासु संसारानशुभांस्तथा ।
जठरे चाशुभे वासं शोणितोदकभाजने ॥ १२.३०७.३२ ॥
and, in the many varied wombs, the inauspicious cycles of rebirth, and dwelling in an impure womb, a vessel of blood and water.
12.307.33
श्लेष्ममूत्रपुरीषे च तीव्रगन्धसमन्विते ।
शुक्रशोणितसंघाते मज्जास्नायुपरिग्रहे ॥ १२.३०७.३३ ॥
amid phlegm, urine and excrement with their sharp stench, in the mass of semen and blood, where marrow and sinews are gathered.
12.307.34
सिराशतसमाकीर्णे नवद्वारे पुरेऽशुचौ ।
विज्ञायाहितमात्मानं योगांश्च विविधान्नृप ॥ १२.३०७.३४ ॥
having understood the self placed in the impure city of the body, filled with hundreds of veins and nine gates, and, O king, the various disciplines of yoga.
12.307.35
तामसानां च जन्तूनां रमणीयावृतात्मनाम् ।
सात्विकानां च जन्तूनां कुत्सितं भरतर्षभ ॥ १२.३०७.३५ ॥
the reprehensible condition of creatures of the tamasic nature, whose selves are covered by pleasing things, and likewise of creatures of the sattvic nature, O bull of the Bharatas.
12.307.36
गर्हितं महतामर्थे साङ्ख्यानां विदितात्मनाम् ।
उपप्लवांस्तथा घोराञ्शशिनस्तेजसस्तथा ॥ १२.३०७.३६ ॥
reprehensible concerning the great adepts of Sāṅkhya who have known the self, and likewise the terrible disturbances of the moon and of radiance.
12.307.37
ताराणां पतनं दृष्ट्वा नक्षत्राणां च पर्ययम् ।
द्वन्द्वानां विप्रयोगं च विज्ञाय कृपण नृप ॥ १२.३०७.३७ ॥
Having seen the stars fall and the constellations shift, and having understood the separation of pairs, O pitiable king.
12.307.38
अन्योन्यभक्षणं दृष्ट्वा भूतानामपि चाशुभम् ।
बाल्ये मोहं च विज्ञाय क्षयं देहस्य चाशुभम् ॥ १२.३०७.३८ ॥
Having seen living beings devour one another and their misfortune, and having understood delusion in childhood, the decay of the body, and its ill fate.
12.307.39
रागे मोहे च संप्राप्ते क्वचित्सत्वं समाश्रितम् ।
सहस्रेषु नरः कश्चिन्मोक्षबुद्धिं समाश्रितः ॥ १२.३०७.३९ ॥
Even when attachment and delusion have seized a being, somewhere one takes refuge in goodness; among thousands, some single man takes refuge in the intellect of liberation.
12.307.40
दुर्लभत्वं च मोक्षस्य विज्ञाय श्रुतिपूर्वकम् ।
बहुमानमलब्धेषु लब्धे मध्यस्थतां पुनः ॥ १२.३०७.४० ॥
Having understood, on the authority of scripture, how rare liberation is, great honor for what is not obtained, and again equanimity toward what is obtained.
12.307.41
विषयाणां च दौरात्म्यं विज्ञाय नृपते पुनः ।
गतासूनां च कौन्तेय देहान्दृष्ट्वा तथाऽशुभान् ॥ १२.३०७.४१ ॥
O king, having again understood the wickedness of sense objects, and O son of Kuntī, having seen the inauspicious bodies of the dead.
12.307.42
वासं कुलेषु जन्तूनां दुःखं विज्ञाय भारत ।
ब्रह्मघ्नानां गतिं ज्ञात्वा पतितानां सुदारुणाम् ॥ १२.३०७.४२ ॥
O descendant of Bharata, having understood the dwelling of creatures in families and their suffering, and having known the destiny of slayers of brahmins and the most dreadful destiny of the fallen.
12.307.43
सुरापाने च सक्तानां ब्राह्मणानां दुरात्मनाम् ।
गुरूदारप्रसक्तानां गतिं विज्ञाय चाशुभाम् ॥ १२.३०७.४३ ॥
Knowing the inauspicious fate of brahmins who are addicted to drinking liquor, of the wicked-minded, and of those attached to the wives of their teachers.
12.307.44
जननीषु च वर्तन्ते येन सम्यग्युधिष्ठिर ।
सदेवकेषु लोकेषु येन वर्तन्ति मानवाः ॥ १२.३०७.४४ ॥
And O Yudhiṣṭhira, by which beings dwell rightly within mothers, and by which humans dwell in the worlds together with the gods.
12.307.45
तेन ज्ञानेन विज्ञाय गतिं चाशुभकर्मणाम् ।
तिर्यग्योनिगतानां च विज्ञाय च गतिं पृथक् ॥ १२.३०७.४५ ॥
By that knowledge, having understood the course of those whose deeds are inauspicious, and having understood separately the course of those gone into animal wombs.
12.307.46
वेदवादांस्तथा चित्रानृतूनां पर्ययांस्तथा ।
क्षयं संवत्सराणां च मासानां च क्षयं तथा ॥ १२.३०७.४६ ॥
The Vedic statements, the various cycles of the seasons, the decline of the years, and likewise the decline of the months.
12.307.47
पक्षक्षयं तथा दृष्ट्वा दिवसानां च संक्षयम् ।
क्षयं वृद्धिं च चन्द्रस्य दृष्ट्वा प्रत्यक्षतस्तथा ॥ १२.३०७.४७ ॥
Having seen the decline of the fortnights and the wasting of the days, and having directly seen the waning and the waxing of the moon.
12.307.48
वृद्धिं दृष्ट्वा समुद्राणां क्षयं तेषां तथा पुनः ।
क्षयं धनानां दृष्ट्वा च पुनर्वृद्धिं तथैव च ॥ १२.३०७.४८ ॥
Having seen the swelling of the oceans and their shrinking, and likewise having seen again the wasting of wealth and again its increase.
12.307.49
संयोगानां क्षयं दृष्ट्वा युगानां च विशेषतः ।
क्षयं च दृष्ट्वा शैलानां क्षयं च सरितां तथा ॥ १२.३०७.४९ ॥
Having seen the decay of unions, and especially the decay of the ages, and having seen the decay of mountains and likewise of rivers.
12.307.50
वर्णानां च क्षयं दृष्ट्वा क्षयान्तं च पुनः पुनः ।
जरा मृत्युस्तथा जन्म दृष्ट्वा दुःखानि चैव ह ॥ १२.३०७.५० ॥
Having seen the decay of the classes and their ending in destruction again and again, having seen old age, death and likewise birth, and having seen sorrows too.
12.307.51
देहदोषांस्तथा ज्ञात्वा तेषां दुःखं च तत्त्वतः ।
देहविक्लवतां चैव सम्यग्विज्ञाय तत्त्वतः ॥ १२.३०७.५१ ॥
Having likewise known the faults of the body, and having truly known their suffering, and having fully and truly understood the distress of the body.
12.307.52
आत्मदोषांश्च विज्ञाय सर्वानात्मनि संश्रितान् ।
स्वदेहादुत्थितान्गब्धांस्तथा विज्ञाय चाशुभान्।
मूत्रश्लेष्मपुरीषादीन्स्वेदजांश्च सुकुत्सितान् ॥ १२.३०७.५२ ॥
Having known the faults of the self, and all that rests in the self, that which arises from one's own body, the impure, and urine, phlegm, feces and the like, and the most contemptible things born of sweat.
12.307.53
कान्स्वगात्रोद्भवान्दोषान्पश्यस्यमितविक्रम ।
एतन्मे संशयं कृत्स्नं वक्तुमर्हसि तत्त्वतः ॥ १२.३०७.५३ ॥
Which faults born of your own body do you see, O you of immeasurable valor? You are worthy to explain this whole doubt of mine truly.
12.307.54
पञ्च दोषान्प्रभो देहे प्रवदन्ति मनीषिणः ।
मार्गज्ञाः कापिलाः साङ्ख्याः शृणु तानरिसूदन ॥ १२.३०७.५४ ॥
O lord, the wise declare five faults in the body, as do the Sāṅkhyas, knowers of the path, followers of Kapila. Listen to them, O slayer of foes.
12.307.55
कामक्रोधौ भयं निद्रा पञ्चमः श्वास उच्यते ॥ १२.३०७.५५ ॥
Desire and anger, fear, sleep, and the fifth, breath, are said.
12.307.56
एते दोषाः शरीरेषु दृश्यन्ते सर्वदेहिनाम् ।
छिन्दन्ति क्षमया क्रोधं कामं संकल्पवर्जनात् ॥ १२.३०७.५६ ॥
These faults are seen in the bodies of all embodied beings. By forbearance they cut off anger, and by abandoning intention, desire.
12.307.57
सत्वसंसेवनान्निद्रामप्रमादाद्भयं तथा ।
छिन्दन्ति पञ्चमं श्वासमल्पाहारतया नृप ॥ १२.३०७.५७ ॥
By cultivating sattva they cut off sleep, and by vigilance likewise fear; and by eating little, O king, they cut off the fifth, breath.
12.307.58
गुणान्गुणशतैर्ज्ञात्वा दोषान्दोषशतैरपि ।
हेतून्हेतुशतैश्चित्रैश्चित्रान्विज्ञाय तत्त्वतः ॥ १२.३०७.५८ ॥
Having known qualities through hundreds of qualities, and faults through hundreds of faults, and having understood the manifold through manifold causes, in truth.
12.307.59
अपां फेनोपमं लोकं विष्णोर्मायाशतैश्वितम् ।
चित्रभित्तिप्रतीकाशं नलसारमनर्थकम् ॥ १२.३०७.५९ ॥
This world is like foam on water, woven by Viṣṇu's hundreds of illusions, like a painted wall, of the essence of a reed, and without purpose.
12.307.60
तमः श्वभ्रनिभं दृष्ट्वा वर्षबुद्बुदसंनिभम् ।
क्लेशप्रायं सुखाद्धीनं नाशोत्तरमिहावशम् ॥ १२.३०७.६० ॥
Having seen darkness like a pit and like a rain-bubble, full of suffering, devoid of happiness, ending in destruction, and here unfree.
12.307.61
रजस्तमसि संमग्नं पङ्के द्वीपमिवावशम् ।
साङ्ख्या राजन्महाप्राज्ञास्त्यक्त्वा देहं प्रजाकृतं ॥ १२.३०७.६१ ॥
Seeing the man sunk in rajas and tamas, helpless like an island in the mire, O king, the very wise Sāṅkhyas abandon this body, which was created by beings.
12.307.62
ज्ञानयोगेन साङ्ख्येन व्यापिना महता नृप ।
राजसानशुभान्गन्धांस्तांमसांश्च तथाविधान् ॥ १२.३०७.६२ ॥
O king, through the pervasive great yoga of knowledge and Sāṅkhya, one abandons the rajasic and inauspicious odours, and likewise the tamasic ones of that kind.
12.307.63
पुण्यांश्च सात्विकान्गन्धान्स्पर्शजान्देहसंश्रितान् ।
छित्त्वाऽऽशु ज्ञानशस्त्रेण तपो दण्डेन भारत ॥ १२.३०७.६३ ॥
And cutting off swiftly, with the weapon of knowledge, the auspicious sattvic odours that arise from touch and dwell in the body, O Bhārata, making austerity the staff, one abandons them.
12.307.64
ततो दुःखोदधिं घोरं चिन्ताशोकमहाह्रदम् ।
व्याधिमृत्युमहाग्राहं महाभयमहोरगम् ॥ १२.३०७.६४ ॥
Then one crosses the terrible ocean of suffering, the great lake of anxiety and sorrow, with the great crocodiles of disease and death, the great fear and the great serpents.
12.307.65
तमःकूर्मं रजोमीनं प्रज्ञया संतरन्त्युत ।
स्नेहपङ्कं जरादुर्गं ज्ञानदीपमरिंदम् ॥ १२.३०७.६५ ॥
They cross, through wisdom, the sea with the tortoises of tamas and the fish of rajas; the one with the mire of attachment and the fortress of old age, with the lamp of knowledge, O subduer of foes.
12.307.66
कर्मागाधं सत्यतीरं स्थितव्रतमरिंदम् ।
हिंसाशीघ्रमहावेगं नानारससमाकरम् ॥ १२.३०७.६६ ॥
Unfathomable with action, whose shore is truth, steadfast in vows, O subduer of foes; swift with the violence of its great force, the abode of many tastes.
12.307.67
नानाप्रीतिमहारत्नं दुःखज्वरसमीरणम् ।
शोकतृष्णामहावर्तं तीक्ष्णव्याधिमहागजम् ॥ १२.३०७.६७ ॥
Full of great jewels of many joys, stirred by the wind of the fever of sorrow, with great whirlpools of grief and craving, with sharp diseases as its great elephants.
12.307.68
अस्थिसंघातसंघट्टं श्लेष्मफेनमरिंदम् ।
दानमुक्ताकरं घोरं शोणितह्रदविद्रुमम् ॥ १२.३०७.६८ ॥
Clashing with heaps of bones, foamed with phlegm, O subduer of foes; a mine of pearls in the form of gifts, terrible, with coral in a pool of blood.
12.307.69
हसितोत्क्रुष्टनिर्घोषं नानाज्ञानसुदुस्तरम् ।
रोदनाश्रुमलक्षारं सङ्गत्यागपरायणम्। ॥ १२.३०७.६९ ॥
With the roar of laughter and cries, very hard to cross even by many kinds of knowledge; with tears of weeping as its filth and brine; intent on abandoning attachment.
12.307.70
पुत्रदारजलौकौघं मत्रिबान्धवपत्तनम् ।
अहिंसासत्यमर्यादं प्राणत्यागमहोर्मिणम् ॥ १२.३०७.७० ॥
With a flood of sons, wives and leeches, with ministers and kinsmen as its harbors; with non-violence and truth as its shores, with great waves of giving up life.
12.307.71
वेदान्तगमनद्वीपं सर्वभूतदयोदकम् ।
मोक्षदुर्लाभविषयं व़डवामुखसागरम् ॥ १२.३०७.७१ ॥
With the island reached through Vedānta, with compassion for all beings as its water; where liberation is hard to attain, the ocean with the mouth of Vaḍavā-fire.
12.307.72
तरन्ति मुनयः सिद्धा ज्ञानयानेन भारत ।
तीर्त्वाऽतिदुस्तरं जन्म विशन्ति विमलं नभः ॥ १२.३०७.७२ ॥
O Bhārata, sages and perfected ones cross over by the vessel of knowledge; having crossed the very hard to cross birth, they enter the spotless sky.
12.307.73
तत्र तान्सुकृतीन्साङ्ख्यान्सूर्यो वहति रश्मिभिः ।
पद्मतन्तुवदाविश्य प्रसह्य विषयान्नृप ॥ १२.३०७.७३ ॥
There the sun carries those meritorious followers of Sāṅkhya with his rays, entering like the fibre of a lotus stalk, O king, forcibly passing beyond the objects of the senses.
12.307.74
तत्र तान्प्रवहो वायुः प्रतिगृह्णाति भारत ।
वीतरागान्यतीन्सिद्धान्वीर्ययुक्तांस्तपोधनान् ॥ १२.३०७.७४ ॥
There the flowing wind receives them, O Bhārata—the ascetics free from passion, the perfected ones, those endowed with vigour, whose wealth is austerity.
12.307.75
सूक्ष्मः शीतः सुगन्धी च सुखस्पर्शश्च भारत ।
सप्तानां मरुतां श्रेष्ठो लोकान्गच्छति यः शुभान्।
स तान्वहति कौन्तेय नभसः परमां गतिम् ॥ १२.३०७.७५ ॥
Subtle, cool, fragrant and pleasant to the touch—the best of the seven Maruts, who goes to the auspicious worlds—O Bhārata, O son of Kuntī, he carries them to the supreme course of the sky.
12.307.76
नभो वहति लोकेश रजसः परमां गतिम् ।
तमो वहति लोकेश रजसः परमां गतिम्।
रजो वहति राजेन्द्र सत्वस्य परमां गतिम् ॥ १२.३०७.७६ ॥
The sky carries them to the supreme course of passion, O lord of the worlds. Darkness carries them to the supreme course of passion, O lord of the worlds. Passion carries them to the supreme course of goodness, O king of kings.
12.307.77
सत्वं वहति राजेन्द्र परं नारायणं प्रभुम् ।
प्रभुर्वहति शुद्धात्मा परमात्मानमात्मना ॥ १२.३०७.७७ ॥
Goodness carries them to the supreme Lord Nārāyaṇa, O king of kings. The Lord, the pure-souled one, carries them to the supreme self, by the self.
12.307.78
परमात्मानमासाद्य तद्भूता यतयोऽमलाः ।
अमृतत्वाय कल्पन्ते न निवर्तन्ति वा विभो ॥ १२.३०७.७८ ॥
Having reached the supreme self, the stainless ascetics who have become that are fit for immortality, and they do not turn back, O mighty one.
12.307.79
परमा सा गतिः पार्थ निर्द्वन्द्वानां महात्मनाम् ।
सत्यार्जवरतानां वै सर्वभूतदयावताम् ॥ १२.३०७.७९ ॥
O son of Pṛthā, that is the supreme goal of the great-souled who are free from the pairs of opposites, who delight in truth and uprightness, and who are compassionate to all beings.
12.307.80
स्थानमुत्तममासाद्य भगवन्तं स्थिरव्रताः ।
आजन्ममरणं वा ते स्मरन्त्युत न वाऽनघ ॥ १२.३०७.८० ॥
O sinless one, having reached that supreme state and the Blessed Lord, do those of firm vow remember from birth to death, or do they not?
12.307.81
यदत्र तथ्यं तन्मे त्वं यथावद्वक्तुमर्हसि ।
त्वदृते पुरुषं नान्यं प्रष्टुमर्हामि कौरव ॥ १२.३०७.८१ ॥
O Kaurava, what is true here, you ought to tell me exactly as it is; I deserve to ask no other man but you.
12.307.82
मोक्षे दोषो महानेष प्राप्य सिद्धिगतानृषीन् ।
यदि तत्रैव विज्ञाने वर्तन्ते यतयः परे ॥ १२.३०७.८२ ॥
In liberation this is a great fault: the sages who have attained perfection remain there, if the supreme ascetics also abide in that very knowledge.
12.307.83
प्रवृत्तिलक्षणं धर्मं पश्यामि परमं नृप ।
मग्नस्य हि परे ज्ञाने किं न दुःखतरं भवेत्। ॥ १२.३०७.८३ ॥
O king, I see that dharma characterized by engagement in action is supreme; for one immersed in the supreme knowledge, what could be more painful than this?
12.307.84
यथान्यायं त्वया तात प्रश्नः पृष्टः सुसंकटः ।
बुधानामपि संमोहः प्रश्नेऽस्मिन्भरतर्षभ ॥ १२.३०७.८४ ॥
Dear child, you have rightly asked a most difficult question; in this question even the wise are bewildered, O bull of the Bharatas.
12.307.85
अत्रापि तत्त्वं परमं शृणु सम्यङ्भयेरितम् ।
बुद्धिश्च परमा यत्र कापिलानां महात्मनाम् ॥ १२.३०७.८५ ॥
Here too, hear the supreme truth as it has been rightly declared, and where the highest understanding of the great-souled followers of Kapila lies.
12.307.86
इन्द्रियाण्येव बुध्यन्ते स्वदेहे देहिनां नृप ।
कारणान्यात्मनस्तानि सूक्ष्मः पश्यति तैस्तु सः ॥ १२.३०७.८६ ॥
In their own bodies, O king, it is the senses that perceive for embodied beings; they are the instruments of the self, and the subtle one sees through them.
12.307.87
आत्मना विप्रहीणानि काष्ठकुड्यसमानि तु ।
विनश्यन्ति न संदेहः फेना इव महार्णवे ॥ १२.३०७.८७ ॥
Forsaken by the self, they become like wood and walls, and perish without doubt, like foam in the great ocean.
12.307.88
इन्द्रियैः सह सुप्तस्य देहिनः शत्रुतापन ।
सूक्ष्मश्चरति सर्वत्र नभसीव समीरणः ॥ १२.३०७.८८ ॥
O scorcher of foes, the subtle one of the embodied being asleep with its senses roams everywhere, like the wind in the sky.
12.307.89
स पश्यति यथान्यायं स्पर्शान्स्पृशति वा विभो ।
बुध्यमानो यथापूर्वमखिलेनेह भारत ॥ १२.३०७.८९ ॥
He sees rightly, or touches the objects of touch, O mighty one, perceiving completely here, O Bhārata, as before.
12.307.90
इन्द्रियाणीह सर्वाणि स्वे स्वे स्थाने यथाविधि ।
अनीशत्वात्प्रलीयन्ते सर्पा हतविषा इव ॥ १२.३०७.९० ॥
Here all the senses remain each in its own place as prescribed; for want of control they dissolve, like serpents whose venom has been destroyed.
12.307.91
इन्द्रियाणां तु सर्वेषां स्वस्थानेष्वेव सर्वशः ।
आक्रम्य गतयः सूक्ष्माश्चरत्यात्मा न संशयः ॥ १२.३०७.९१ ॥
Having wholly restrained all the senses in their own places, the self moves along subtle paths; of this there is no doubt.
12.307.92
सत्वस्य च गुणान्कृत्स्नान्नजसश्च गुणान्पुनः ।
गुणांश्च तमसः सर्वान्गुणान्बुद्धेश्च भारत ॥ १२.३०७.९२ ॥
O Bhārata, the qualities of sattva in their entirety, and again the qualities of rajas, all the qualities of tamas, and the qualities of the intellect.
12.307.93
गुणांश्च मनसश्चापि नभसश्च गुणांश्च सः ।
गुणान्वायोश्च धर्मात्मंस्तेजसां च गुणान्पुनः ॥ १२.३०७.९३ ॥
The qualities of the mind and also the qualities of space; and he, O righteous one, the qualities of air, and again the qualities of fire.
12.307.94
अपां गुणांस्तथा पार्थ पार्थिंवांश्च गुणानपि ।
सर्वात्मना गुणैर्व्याप्तः क्षेत्रज्ञेषु युधिष्ठिर ॥ १२.३०७.९४ ॥
Likewise, O Pārtha, the qualities of water and also the qualities of earth; O Yudhiṣṭhira, he is wholly pervaded by the qualities among the knowers of the field.
12.307.95
आत्मा च याति क्षेत्रज्ञं कर्मणी च शुभाशुभे ।
शिष्या इव महात्मानमिन्द्रियाणि च तं प्रभो ॥ १२.३०७.९५ ॥
The self goes to the knower of the field, and so do good and bad deeds; O lord, the senses too go to that great soul, like disciples to their teacher.
12.307.96
प्रकृतिं चाप्यतिक्रम्य गच्छत्यात्मानमव्ययम् ।
परं नारायणं देवं निर्द्वन्द्वं प्रकृतेः परम् ॥ १२.३०७.९६ ॥
Transcending even nature, the imperishable self goes to the supreme god Nārāyaṇa, who is free from the pairs of opposites and beyond nature.
12.307.97
विमुक्तः सर्वपापेभ्यः प्रविष्टस्तमनामयम् ।
परमात्मानमगुणं न निवर्तति भारत ॥ १२.३०७.९७ ॥
Freed from all sins, having entered that untainted supreme Self, he does not return from the supreme Self that is without qualities, O Bhārata.
12.307.98
शिष्टं तत्र मनस्तात इन्द्रियाणि च भारत ।
आगच्छन्ति यथाकालं गुरोः संदेशकारिणः ॥ १२.३०७.९८ ॥
Dear son, O Bhārata, there the mind and the senses remain behind; like servants carrying out their teacher's message, they return in due time.
12.307.99
शक्यं चाल्पेन कालेन शान्तिं प्राप्तुं गुणार्थिना ।
एवमुक्तेन कौन्तेय युक्तज्ञानेन मोक्षिणा ॥ १२.३०७.९९ ॥
O son of Kuntī, for one who seeks the highest good and is so instructed, peace can be attained in a short time, through disciplined knowledge, by one who seeks liberation.
12.307.100
साङ्ख्या राजन्महाप्राज्ञा गच्छन्ति परमां गतिम् ।
ज्ञानेनानेन कौन्तेय तुल्यं ज्ञानं न विद्यते ॥ १२.३०७.१०० ॥
O king, the very wise Sāṅkhya followers attain the supreme goal. O son of Kuntī, there is no knowledge equal to this knowledge.
12.307.101
अत्र ते संशयो मा भूज्ज्ञानं सांख्यं परं मतम् ।
अक्षरं ध्रुवमव्यक्तं पूर्णं ब्रह्म सनातनम् ॥ १२.३०७.१०१ ॥
Let there be no doubt for you in this: the knowledge of Sāṅkhya is held to be supreme. It is the imperishable, steadfast, unmanifest, complete, eternal Brahman.
12.307.102
अनादिमध्यनिधनं निर्द्वन्द्वं कर्तृ शाश्वतम् ।
कूटस्थं चैव नित्यं च यद्वदन्ति शमात्मकाः ॥ १२.३०७.१०२ ॥
That which has no beginning, middle, or end, is free from pairs of opposites, is the agent, eternal, unchanging and everlasting—so say those whose nature is tranquil.
12.307.103
यतः सर्वाः प्रवर्तन्ते सर्गप्रलयविक्रियाः ।
यच्च शंसन्ति शास्त्रेषु वदन्ति परमर्षयः ॥ १२.३०७.१०३ ॥
From which all the modifications of creation and dissolution arise, that which the supreme sages declare and proclaim in the scriptures.
12.307.104
सर्वे विप्राश्च देवाश्च तथा शमविदो जनाः ।
ब्रह्मण्यं परमं देवमनन्तं परमच्युतम् ॥ १२.३०७.१०४ ॥
All brahmins, gods, and those who know tranquility, know that supreme Brahman, supreme God, the infinite, the supremely imperishable.
12.307.105
प्रार्थयन्तश्च तं विप्रा वदन्ति गुणबुद्धयः ।
सम्यग्युक्तास्तथा योगाः साङ्ख्याश्चामितदर्शनाः ॥ १२.३०७.१०५ ॥
Brahmins who pray to him, those whose intellect dwells on the qualities, rightly disciplined yogins, and Sāṅkhya philosophers of boundless vision, speak of him.
12.307.106
अमूर्तेस्तस्य कौन्तेय साङ्ख्यं मूर्तिरिति श्रुतिः ।
अभिज्ञानानि तस्याहुर्मतं हि भरतर्षभ ॥ १२.३०७.१०६ ॥
O son of Kuntī, the śruti says that the form of that formless one is Sāṅkhya. O best of the Bharatas, his marks of recognition are declared; this is the view.
12.307.107
द्विविधानीह भूतानि पृथिव्यां पृथिवीपते ।
जङ्गमाजङ्गमाख्यानि जङ्गमं तु विशिष्यते ॥ १२.३०७.१०७ ॥
O lord of the earth, here on earth beings are of two kinds, called moving and unmoving; but the moving is held to be the superior.
12.307.108
ज्ञानं महद्यद्धि महत्सु राज ।
न्वेदेषु साङ्ख्येषु तथैव योगे।
यच्चापि दृष्टं विविधं पुराणे ।
साङ्ख्यागतं तन्निखिलं नरेन्द्र ॥ १२.३०७.१०८ ॥
O king, whatever great knowledge is found among the great, in the Vedas, in Sāṅkhya, and likewise in yoga, and whatever manifold knowledge is seen in the Purāṇas, O lord of men, all of it is contained in Sāṅkhya.
12.307.109
यच्चेतिहासेषु महत्सु दृष्टं ।
यच्चार्थशास्त्रे नृप शिष्टजुष्टे।
ज्ञानं च लोके यदिहास्ति किंचि ।
त्साङ्ख्यागतं तच्च महन्महात्मन् ॥ १२.३०७.१०९ ॥
Whatever is seen in the great histories, O king, and in the treatise on policy practised by the wise, and whatever knowledge there is here in the world, all that is found in Sāṅkhya; it is great, O great-souled one.
12.307.110
शमश्च दृष्टः परमं बलं च ।
ज्ञानं च साङ्ख्यं च यथावदुक्तम्।
तपांसि सूक्ष्माणि सुखानि चैव ।
साङ्ख्ये यथावद्विहितानि राजन् ॥ १२.३०७.११० ॥
Calm and supreme strength are seen; knowledge and Sāṅkhya too have been declared as they should be; subtle austerities and joys also, O king, are duly prescribed in Sāṅkhya.
12.307.111
विपर्यये तस्य हि पार्थ देवा ।
न्गच्छन्ति साङ्ख्याः सततं सुखेन।
तांश्चानुसंचार्य ततः कृतार्थाः ।
पतन्ति विप्रेषु यतेषु भूयः ॥ १२.३०७.१११ ॥
O son of Pṛthā, in the reversal of that, the gods do not always go easily to the Sāṅkhya adepts; having followed them and fulfilled their aim, they fall again among the brahmins and the ascetics.
12.307.112
हित्वा च देहं प्रविशन्ति मोक्षं ।
दिवौकसो द्यामिव पार्थ साङ्ख्याः।
अतोऽधिकं तेऽभिरता महार्थे ।
साङ्ख्ये द्विजाः पार्थिव शिष्टजुष्टे ॥ १२.३०७.११२ ॥
Leaving the body, O son of Pṛthā, the Sāṅkhya adepts enter liberation, as the dwellers of heaven enter the sky. Therefore, O king, the twice-born are more delighted in that great aim of Sāṅkhya practised by the wise.
12.307.113
तेषां न तिर्यग्गमनं हि दृष्टं ।
नार्वाग्गतिः पापकृताधिवासः।
च चाबुधानामपि ते द्विजातयो ।
ये ज्ञानमेतन्नृपतेऽनुरक्ताः ॥ १२.३०७.११३ ॥
Their course is not seen to go sideways, nor downward, and no dwelling built by sinful deeds is theirs. The twice-born who are devoted to this knowledge, O king, (keep even the unwise free from sin).
12.307.114
साङ्ख्यं विशालं परमं पुराणं ।
महार्णवं विमलमुदाहरन्ति
कृत्स्नं च साङ्ख्यं नृपते महात्मा ।
नारायणो धारयतेऽप्रमेयम् ॥ १२.३०७.११४ ॥
They declare the Sāṅkhya to be vast, supreme, ancient, a great ocean, and pure. O king, the great-souled Nārāyaṇa holds the entire Sāṅkhya, immeasurable.
12.307.115
एतन्मयोक्तं नरदेव तत्त्वं ।
नारायणो विश्वमिदं पुराणम्।
स सर्गकाले च करोति सर्गं ।
संहारकाले च तदत्ति भूयः ॥ १२.३०७.११५ ॥
O lord of men, I have told you this truth: Nārāyaṇa is this ancient universe. At the time of creation he brings forth creation, and at the time of dissolution he devours it again.
12.307.116
संहृत्य सर्वं निजदेहसंस्थं ।
कृत्वाऽप्सु शेते जगदन्तरात्मा ॥ १२.३०७.११६ ॥
Having gathered in all that abided in his own body, and having made it rest in the waters, the inner self of the world lies down to sleep.