Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.309
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12.309.1
एवमप्रतिबुद्धत्वादबुद्धमनुवर्तनात् ।
देहाद्देहसहस्राणि तथा समभिपद्यते ॥ १२.३०९.१ ॥
Thus, through not being awakened and following one who is unawakened, one passes from body to body by the thousands.
12.309.2
तिर्यग्योनिसहस्रेषु कदाचिद्देवतास्वपि ।
उपपद्यति संयोगाद्गुणैः सह गुणक्षयात् ॥ १२.३०९.२ ॥
Among thousands of animal wombs, and sometimes even among the gods, one is born through union with the qualities and the wasting away of the qualities.
12.309.3
मानुषत्वाद्दिवं याति दिवो मानुष्यमेति च ।
मानुष्यान्निरयस्थानमनन्तं प्रतिपद्यते ॥ १२.३०९.३ ॥
From human birth one goes to heaven, and from heaven one comes back to human birth; from human birth one attains the endless place of hell.
12.309.4
कोशकारो यथाऽऽत्मानं कीटः समनुरुन्धति ।
सूत्रतन्तुगुणैर्नित्यं तथाऽयमगुणो गुणैः ॥ १२.३०९.४ ॥
As the silkworm always binds itself with the threads of its own silk, so this one, without qualities, is bound by qualities.
12.309.5
द्वन्द्वमेति च निर्द्वन्द्वस्तासु तास्विह योनिषु ।
शीर्षरोगेऽक्षिरोगे च दन्तशूले गलग्रहे ॥ १२.३०९.५ ॥
Though free of pairs of opposites, he undergoes pairs of opposites in these various wombs: in headache, in eye disease, in toothache, and in seizure of the throat.
12.309.6
जलोदरे तृषारोगे ज्वरगण्डे विषूचके ।
श्वित्रकुष्ठेऽग्निदग्धे च सिध्मापस्मारयोरपि ॥ १२.३०९.६ ॥
In dropsy, in the disease of thirst, in fever and swelling, in cholera, in white leprosy, in being burned by fire, and also in skin eruptions and epilepsy.
12.309.7
यानि चान्यानि द्वन्द्वानि प्राकृतानि शरीरिषु ।
उत्पद्यन्ते विचित्राणि तान्येषोऽप्यभिमन्यते ॥ १२.३०९.७ ॥
And the other natural pairs of opposites that arise in embodied beings, in their many forms, he too accepts.
12.309.8
अभिमन्यत्यभीमानात्तथैव सुकृतान्यपि ॥ १२.३०९.८ ॥
Through self-regard he takes these to heart, and likewise even his good deeds.
12.309.9
शुक्लवासाश्च दुर्वासाः शायी नित्यमधस्तथा ।
मण्डूकशायी च तथा वीरासनगतस्तथा ॥ १२.३०९.९ ॥
The white-clad one, the ragged one, the one who always lies down, likewise the one who lies on the ground, the one who lies like a frog, and the one seated in the heroic posture.
12.309.10
चीरधारणमाकाशे शयनं स्थानमेव च ।
इष्टकाप्रस्तरे चैव कण्टकप्रस्तरे तथा ॥ १२.३०९.१० ॥
Wearing bark garments, lying under the open sky, standing as well, on a bed of bricks, and likewise on a bed of thorns.
12.309.11
भस्मप्रस्तरशायी च भूमिशय्याऽनुलेपनः ।
वीरस्थानाम्बुपङ्के च शयनं फलकेषु च ॥ १२.३०९.११ ॥
Lying on a bed of ashes, sleeping on the bare ground, smeared with ointment, in the heroic standing posture, in water and mud, and lying on boards.
12.309.12
विविधासु च शय्यासु फलगृद्ध्यान्वितस्तथा ।
मुञ्जमेखलनग्नत्वं क्षौमकृष्णाजिनानि च ॥ १२.३०९.१२ ॥
Lying on various kinds of beds while full of desire for fruits, likewise wearing a girdle of munja grass, nakedness, and linen garments and black antelope skins.
12.309.13
शणवालपरीधानो व्याघ्रचर्मपरिच्छदः ।
सिंहतचर्मपरीधानः पट्टवासास्तथैव च ॥ १२.३०९.१३ ॥
Clothed in hemp-fibre and hair garments, covered with a tiger-skin, clothed in a lion-skin, and likewise wearing silk garments.
12.309.14
फलकपरिधानश्च तथा कण्टकवस्रधृत् ।
कीटकार्पासवसनश्चीरवासास्तथैव च ॥ १२.३०९.१४ ॥
Clothed in bark-cloth, wearing thorny garments, clothed in worm-spun cotton, wearing rags, and likewise.
12.309.15
वस्राणि चान्यानि बहून्यभिमन्यत्यबुद्धिमान् ।
भोजनानि विचित्राणि रत्नानि विविधानि च ॥ १२.३०९.१५ ॥
And the unwise one desires many other garments, various wondrous foods, and jewels of many kinds.
12.309.16
एकवस्रान्तराशित्वमेककालिकभोजनम् ।
चतुर्थाष्टमकालश्च षष्ठकालिक एव च ॥ १२.३०९.१६ ॥
Eating between the wearing of one garment, eating once a time, a fast of the fourth or eighth time, and eating at the sixth time.
12.309.17
ष़ड्रात्रभोजनश्चैव तथैवाष्टाहभोजनः ।
सप्तरात्रदशाहारो द्वादशाहिकभोजनः ॥ १२.३०९.१७ ॥
One who eats every six nights, likewise one who eats every eight days, one whose diet is seven nights and ten days, and one who eats every twelve days.
12.309.18
मासोपवासी मूलाशी फलाहारस्तथैव च ।
वायुभक्षोऽम्बुपिण्याकदधिगोमयभोजनः ॥ १२.३०९.१८ ॥
One who fasts for a month, who eats roots, who lives on fruits, and likewise; one who feeds on air, who eats water, oil-cake, curd and cow-dung.
12.309.19
गोमूत्रभोजनश्चैव शाकपुष्पाद एव च ।
शेवालभोजनश्चैव तथाऽऽचामेन वर्तयन् ॥ १२.३०९.१९ ॥
One who eats cow's urine, feeds on vegetables and flowers, eats moss, and sustains himself with only the water of sipping.
12.309.20
वर्तयञ्शीर्णपर्णैश्च प्रकीर्णफलभोजनः ।
विविधानि च कृच्छ्राणि सेवते सिद्धिकाङ्क्षया ॥ १२.३०९.२० ॥
Sustaining himself on withered leaves and scattered fallen fruits, he undertakes various severe penances out of desire for siddhi.
12.309.21
चान्द्रायणानि विधिवल्लिङ्गानि विविधानि च ।
चातुराश्रम्यपन्थानमाश्रयत्यपथानपि ॥ १२.३०९.२१ ॥
He observes the lunar penances according to rule and bears various marks; he takes refuge in the path of the four stages of life, and also in improper paths.
12.309.22
उपाश्रमानप्यपरान्पाषण्डान्विविधानपि ।
विविक्ताश्च शिलाच्छायास्तथा प्रस्रवणानि च ॥ १२.३०९.२२ ॥
Other hermitages too, and various heretical sects; secluded places, the shade of rocks, and springs as well.
12.309.23
पुलिनानि विविक्तानि विविक्तानि वनानि च ।
देवस्थानानि पुण्यानि विविक्तानि सरांसि च ॥ १२.३०९.२३ ॥
Secluded sandbanks, secluded forests, holy shrines of the gods, and secluded lakes as well.
12.309.24
विविक्ताश्चापि शैलानां गुहा गृहनिभोपमाः ।
विविक्तानि च जप्यानि व्रतानि विविधानि च ॥ १२.३०९.२४ ॥
Secluded mountain caves that are like houses, and secluded recitations and various vows.
12.309.25
नियमान्विविधांश्चापि विविधानि तपांसि च ।
यज्ञांश्च विविधाकारान्विधींश्च विविधांस्तथा ॥ १२.३०९.२५ ॥
Various observances and various austerities, sacrifices of many kinds, and likewise many rites.
12.309.26
वणिक्पथं द्विजक्षत्रं वैश्यं शूद्रांस्तथैव च ।
दानं च विविधाकारं दीनान्धकृपणादिषु ॥ १२.३०९.२६ ॥
The path of trade, brahmins and kṣatriyas, vaiśyas and śūdras, likewise; and gifts of many kinds to the poor, the blind, the miserly and others.
12.309.27
अभिमन्यत्यसंबोधात्तथैव त्रिविधान्गुणान् ।
सत्वं रजस्तमश्चैव धर्मार्थौ काम एव च ॥ १२.३०९.२७ ॥
Through lack of right understanding, one identifies with the three qualities likewise: sattva, rajas and tamas; and also with dharma, artha and kāma.
12.309.28
प्रकृत्याऽऽत्मानमेवात्मा एवं प्रवि भजत्युत ।
स्वधाकारवषट्कारौ स्वाहाकारनमस्क्रियाः ॥ १२.३०९.२८ ॥
By nature the self thus partakes of the self — prav… — likewise the svadhā-formula, the vaṣaṭ-formula, the svāhā-formula and the acts of homage.
12.309.29
याजनाध्यापनं दानं तथैवाहुः प्रतिग्रहम् ।
यजनाध्ययने चैव यच्चान्यदपि किंचन ॥ १२.३०९.२९ ॥
Officiating at sacrifices and teaching, giving, and likewise receiving gifts, they say; sacrificing and studying, and whatever else there may be.
12.309.30
जन्ममृत्युविवादे च तथा विशसनेऽपि च ।
शुभाशुभमयं सर्वमेतदाहुः क्रियाफलम् ॥ १२.३०९.३० ॥
In the dispute of birth and death, and likewise in slaughter, all this, made of good and evil, they call the fruit of action.
12.309.31
प्रकृतिः कुरुते देवी भवं प्रलयमेव च ।
दिवसान्ते गुणानेतानभ्येत्यैकोऽवतिष्ठते ॥ १२.३०९.३१ ॥
The divine Nature brings about both creation and dissolution. At the end of the day, having approached these qualities, the One alone remains.
12.309.32
रश्मिजालमिवादित्यस्तत्तत्काले नियच्छति ।
एवमेषोऽसकृत्सर्वं क्रीडार्थमभिमन्यते ॥ १२.३०९.३२ ॥
As the sun gathers in its net of rays at the proper times, so he again and again wills all things for the sake of play.
12.309.33
आत्मरूपगुणानेतान्विविधान्हृदयप्रियान् ।
एवमेव विकुर्वाणः सर्गप्रलयधर्मिणी ॥ १२.३०९.३३ ॥
Transforming these various qualities, which are his own form and dear to the heart, in just this way, he moves Nature, whose very nature is creation and dissolution.
12.309.34
क्रियां क्रियापथे रक्तस्त्रिगुणांस्त्रिगुणाधिपः ।
क्रियां क्रियापथोपेतस्तथा तदभिमन्यते ॥ १२.३०९.३४ ॥
Attached to the path of action, the lord of the three qualities takes up action; joined to the path of action, he likewise regards it as his own.
12.309.35
प्रकृत्या सर्वमेवेदं जगदन्धीकृतं विभो ।
रजसा तमसा चैव व्याप्तं सर्वमनेकधा ॥ १२.३०९.३५ ॥
O mighty one, by Nature this entire world has been blinded; all of it is pervaded in many ways by passion and by darkness.
12.309.36
एवं द्वन्द्वान्यथैतानि वर्तन्ते मयि नित्यशः ।
ममैवैतानि जायन्ते धावन्ते तानि मामिति ॥ १२.३०९.३६ ॥
Thus these pairs of opposites constantly occur in me in various ways. They arise as though they were mine, and they rush toward me, saying, 'These are ours.'
12.309.37
निस्तर्तव्यान्यथैतानि सर्वाणीति नराधिप ।
मन्यतेऽयं ह्यबुद्धित्वात्तथैव सुकृतान्यपि ॥ १२.३०९.३७ ॥
O lord of men, all these pairs are to be crossed over. Through lack of understanding he thinks so of good deeds as well.
12.309.38
भोक्तव्यानि मयैतानि देवलोकगतेन वै ।
इहैव चैनं भोक्ष्यामि शुभाशुभफलोदयम् ॥ १२.३०९.३८ ॥
Even gone to the world of the gods, these are to be enjoyed by me; here too I shall enjoy the arising of the fruits of good and evil.
12.309.39
पुण्यमेव तु कर्तव्यं तत्कुत्वा सुसुखं मम ।
यावदन्तं च मे सौख्यं जात्यां जात्यां भविष्यति ॥ १२.३०९.३९ ॥
Merit alone must be done; having done it, I shall have great happiness, and until my end, happiness will come in birth after birth.
12.309.40
भविष्यति च मे दुःखं कृतेनेहाप्यनन्तकम् ।
महद्दुःखं हि मानुष्यं निरये चापि मज्जनम् ॥ १२.३०९.४० ॥
Through what I have done, endless suffering will be mine even here; human birth is great suffering, and there is also sinking into hell.
12.309.41
निरयाच्चापि मानुष्यं कालेनैष्याम्यहं पुनः ।
मनुष्यत्वाच्च देवत्वं देवत्वात्पौरुषं पुनः ॥ १२.३०९.४१ ॥
Coming out of hell, in time I shall again attain human birth; from humanity, divinity, and from divinity, manhood again.
12.309.42
मनुष्यत्वाच्च निरयं पर्यायेणोपगच्छति ।
य एवं वेत्ति नित्यं वै निरात्मात्मगुणैर्वृतः ॥ १२.३०९.४२ ॥
From humanity one also goes in turn to hell. He who always knows thus, though enveloped by the qualities of the self, is free of the self.
12.309.43
तेन देवमनुष्येषु निरये चोपपद्यते ।
ममत्वेनावृतो नित्यं तत्रैव परिवर्तते ॥ १२.३०९.४३ ॥
By that, he is born among gods and humans, or in hell. Ever enveloped by possessiveness, he revolves right there.
12.309.44
सर्गकोटिसहस्राणि मरणान्तासु योनिषु ।
य एवं कुरुते कर्म शुभाशुभफलात्मकम् ॥ १२.३०९.४४ ॥
He who thus performs actions bearing good and bad fruits passes through thousands of millions of births in wombs that end in death.
12.309.45
स एवं फलमाप्नोति त्रिषु लोकेषु मूर्तिमान् ।
प्रकृतिः कुरुते कर्म शुभाशुभफलात्मकम्।
प्रकृतिश्च तदश्नाति त्रिषु लोकेषु कामगा ॥ १२.३०९.४५ ॥
Thus embodied, he obtains the fruit in the three worlds. Nature performs action bearing good and bad fruits, and that same Nature, roaming the three worlds at will, enjoys its fruit.
12.309.46
तिर्यग्योनिमनुष्यत्वे देवलोके तथैव च ।
त्रीणि स्थानानि चैतानि जानीयात्प्राकृतानिह ॥ १२.३०९.४६ ॥
In animal wombs, in the human state, and likewise in the world of the gods — one should know these three states here as belonging to Nature.
12.309.47
अलिङ्गां प्रकृतिं त्वाहुर्लिङ्गैरनुमिमीमहे ।
तथैव पौरुषं लिङ्गमनुमानाद्धि गम्यते ॥ १२.३०९.४७ ॥
Prakṛti is said to be without mark, yet we infer it from its marks; likewise the mark of the Puruṣa is known only by inference.
12.309.48
स लिङ्गान्तरमासाद्य प्राकृतं लिङ्गमव्रणम् ।
व्रणद्वाराण्यधिष्ठाय कर्मणाऽऽत्मनि पश्यति ॥ १२.३०९.४८ ॥
Having reached another mark, he obtains the natural, unblemished mark; dwelling upon the openings of wounds, he sees within himself through action.
12.309.49
श्रोत्रादीनि तु सर्वाणि पञ्च कर्मेन्द्रियाण्यथ ।
वागादीनि प्रवर्तन्ते गुणेष्विह गुणैः सह ॥ १२.३०९.४९ ॥
Hearing and all the rest, and the five organs of action, speech and the others, here set themselves in motion among the qualities, together with the qualities.
12.309.50
अहमेतानि वै सर्वं मय्येतानीन्द्रियाणि ह ।
निरिन्द्रियो हि मन्तेत व्रणवानस्मि निर्व्रणः ॥ १२.३०९.५० ॥
I am indeed all these; all these senses are in me. Having no senses, one should think: 'Though I bear a wound, I am without wound.'
12.309.51
अलिङ्गो लिङ्गमात्मानमकालः कालमात्मनः ।
असत्वं सत्वमात्मानमतत्त्वं तत्त्वमात्मनः ॥ १२.३०९.५१ ॥
He takes the self without mark to have a mark, the timeless self to be time; he takes the non-being to be the being of the self, and the non-real to be the reality of the self.
12.309.52
अमृत्युर्मृत्युमात्मानमचरश्चरमात्मनः ।
अक्षेत्रः क्षेत्रमात्मानमसर्गः सर्गमात्मनः ॥ १२.३०९.५२ ॥
He takes the deathless self to be death, the unmoving self to be the moving of the self; the fieldless to be the field, the uncreated to be the creation of the self.
12.309.53
अतपास्तप आत्मानमगतिर्गतिमात्मनः ।
अभवो भवमात्मानमभयो भयमात्मनः ॥ १२.३०९.५३ ॥
He takes the self without austerity to be austerity, the self without going to be its going; he takes the non-becoming to be becoming, the fearless self to be its fear.
12.309.54
अकर्ता कर्तृ चात्मानमबीजो बीजमात्मनः ।
अक्षरः क्षरमात्मानमबुद्धिस्त्वभिमन्यते ॥ १२.३०९.५४ ॥
He takes the non-doer to be the doer, the seedless self to be its seed; he takes the imperishable self to be the perishable. Only the unwise imagine thus.