Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.311
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12.311.1
मानात्वैकत्वमित्युक्तं त्वयैतदृषिसत्तम ।
पश्यामि वाभिसंदिग्धमेतयोर्वै निदर्शनम् ॥ १२.३११.१ ॥
Best of sages, you said this oneness is from authority; yet the illustration of these two seems doubtful to me.
12.311.2
तथाऽबुद्धप्रबुद्धाभ्यां बुध्यमानस्य चानघ ।
स्थूलबुद्ध्या न पश्यामि तत्त्वमेतन्न संशयः ॥ १२.३११.२ ॥
Sinless one, likewise with the unawakened, the awakened, and one who is awakening: with coarse understanding I do not see this truth; of this there is no doubt.
12.311.3
अक्षरक्षरयोर्युक्तं त्वया यदपि कारणम् ।
तदप्यस्थिरबुद्धित्वात्प्रनष्टमिव मेऽनघ ॥ १२.३११.३ ॥
Sinless one, the cause you gave that joins the imperishable and the perishable has, through my unsteady understanding, become lost to me as though it had perished.
12.311.4
तदेत्तच्छ्रोतुमिच्छामि नानात्वैकत्वदर्शनम् ।
प्रबुद्धमप्रबुद्धं च बुध्यमानं च तत्त्वतः ॥ १२.३११.४ ॥
Therefore I wish to hear this teaching of plurality and oneness, of the awakened, the unawakened, and the one who is awakening, as it truly is.
12.311.5
विद्याविद्ये च भगवन्नक्षरं क्षरमेव च ।
साङ्ख्यं योगं च कार्त्स्न्येन पृथक्चैवापृथक्च ह ॥ १२.३११.५ ॥
Venerable one, tell me fully of knowledge and ignorance, of the imperishable and the perishable, of Sāṅkhya and Yoga, both as separate and as not separate.
12.311.6
हन्त ते संप्रवक्ष्यामि यदेतदनुपृच्छसि ।
योगकृत्यं महाराज पृथगेव शृणुष्व मे ॥ १२.३११.६ ॥
Very well, I will fully tell you what you ask. Great king, listen to me on the work of yoga, taken separately.
12.311.7
योगकृत्यं तु योगानां ध्यानमेव परं बलम् ।
तच्चापि द्विविधं ध्यानमाहुर्वेदविदो जनाः ॥ १२.३११.७ ॥
The task of yoga is meditation alone, the supreme strength. Those who know the Vedas say that this meditation too is twofold.
12.311.8
एकाग्रता च मनसः प्राणायामस्तथैव च ।
प्राणायामस्तु सगुणो निर्गुणो मनसस्तथा ॥ १२.३११.८ ॥
Concentration of the mind and breath control are likewise. Breath control is with qualities, and that of the mind is without qualities.
12.311.9
मूत्रोत्सर्गपुरीषे च भोजने च नराधिप ।
द्विकालं नाभियुज्जीत शेषं युञ्जीत तत्परः ॥ १२.३११.९ ॥
O lord of men, at the time of urinating, defecating and eating, one should not practise twice a day; at the remaining times one should practise, intent upon it.
12.311.10
इन्द्रियाणीन्द्रियार्थेभ्यो निवर्त्य मनसा मुनिः ।
दशद्वादशभिर्वापि चतुर्विशात्परं ततः ॥ १२.३११.१० ॥
The sage, having withdrawn the senses from their objects by the mind, should practise in tens or twelves, or even beyond twenty-four.
12.311.11
तं चोदनाभिर्मतिमानात्मानं चोदयेदथ ।
तिष्ठन्तमजरं यं तु यत्तदुक्तं मनीषिभिः ॥ १२.३११.११ ॥
The wise one should urge himself on, by incitements, toward that self which abides and is ageless, as the sages have declared.
12.311.12
तैश्चात्मा सततं योज्य इत्येवमनुशुश्रुम् ।
द्रुतं ह्यहीनमनसो नान्यथेति विनिश्चयः ॥ १२.३११.१२ ॥
By these the self should be constantly yoked; so we have heard. For one whose mind does not waver, the result comes quickly, and not otherwise — this is the certainty.
12.311.13
विमुक्तः सर्वसङ्गेभ्यो लध्वाहारो जितेन्द्रियः ।
पूर्वरात्रेऽपररात्रे च धारयेत मनोऽऽत्मनि ॥ १२.३११.१३ ॥
Freed from all attachments, eating lightly, having conquered the senses, one should hold the mind in the self in the first and last parts of the night.
12.311.14
स्थिरीकृत्येन्द्रियग्रामं मनसा मिथिलेश्वर ।
मनो बुद्ध्या स्थिरं कृत्वा पाषाण इव निश्चलः ॥ १२.३११.१४ ॥
O lord of Mithilā, having steadied the host of the senses by the mind, and having made the mind steady by the intellect, become motionless like a stone.
12.311.15
स्थाणुवच्चाप्यकम्पः स्याद्दारुवच्चापि निश्चलः ।
बुधा विधिविधानज्ञास्तदा युक्तं प्रचक्षते ॥ १२.३११.१५ ॥
One should be unshaking like a pillar and motionless like wood. Then the wise, knowers of the rule and its prescriptions, call him united (in yoga).
12.311.16
न शृणोति न चाघ्राति न रस्यति न पश्यति ।
न च स्पर्शं विजानाति न संकल्पयते मनः ॥ १२.३११.१६ ॥
The mind neither hears, nor smells, nor tastes, nor sees, nor perceives touch, nor imagines.
12.311.17
न चाभिमन्यते किंचिन्न च बुध्यति काष्ठवत् ।
तदा प्रकृतिमापन्नं युक्तमाहुर्मनीषिणः ॥ १२.३११.१७ ॥
He does not claim anything as his own, and understands nothing like wood. Then the wise call him united, one who has attained his natural state.
12.311.18
निर्वाते हि यथा दीप्यन्दीपस्तद्वत्प्रकाशते ।
निर्लिङ्गो विचलश्चोर्ध्वं न तिर्यग्गतिमाप्नुयात् ॥ १२.३११.१८ ॥
As a lamp burning in a windless place shines steadily, so he shines, free of marks and unmoving. He goes upward and does not attain a sideways course.
12.311.19
तदा तमनुपश्येत यस्मिन्दृष्टे तु कथ्यते ।
हृदयस्थोऽन्तरात्मेति ज्ञेयो ज्ञस्तात मद्विधैः ॥ १२.३११.१९ ॥
Then one should see him, upon whose being seen it is declared: the one dwelling in the heart is the inner self, dear son, and it is to be known by wise men like me.
12.311.20
विधूम इव सप्तार्चिरादित्य इव रश्मिमान् ।
वैद्युतोऽग्निरिवाकाशे दृश्यतेऽऽत्मा तथाऽऽत्मनि ॥ १२.३११.२० ॥
Like smokeless seven-flamed fire, like the sun with its rays, like lightning-fire in the sky, so the self is seen within the self.
12.311.21
संपश्यन्ति महात्मानो धृतिमन्तो मनीषिणः ।
ब्राह्मणा ब्रह्मयोनिस्था ह्ययोनिममृतात्मकम् ॥ १२.३११.२१ ॥
The great-souled, steadfast, wise brahmins, established in the womb of Brahman, fully see that unborn one whose nature is immortal.
12.311.22
तदेवाहुरणुभ्योऽणु तन्महद्भ्यो महत्तरम् ।
तत्तत्र सर्वभूतेषु ध्रुवं तिष्ठन्न दृश्यते ॥ १२.३११.२२ ॥
That very one they call finer than the finest and greater than the greatest. Though it abides firmly in all beings, it is not seen there.
12.311.23
बुद्धिद्रव्येण दृश्येत मनोदीपेन लोककृत् ।
महतस्तमसस्तात पारे तिष्ठन्न तामसः ॥ १२.३११.२३ ॥
By the substance of intellect, with the lamp of the mind, the world-maker may be seen. Dear son, he who stands beyond great darkness is not of the nature of darkness.
12.311.24
स च मानस इत्युक्तस्तत्वज्ञैर्वेदपारगैः ।
विमलो वितमस्कश्च निर्लिङ्गोऽलिङ्गसंज्ञकः ॥ १२.३११.२४ ॥
Him the knowers of reality and those gone beyond the Vedas call 'the mental one'. He is stainless, free of darkness, without mark, and is named the Unmarked.
12.311.25
योगमेतत्तु योगानां मन्ये योगस्य लक्षणम् ।
एवं पश्यं प्रपश्यन्ति आत्मस्थमजरं परम् ॥ १२.३११.२५ ॥
This, I hold, is the yoga of yogas and the mark of yoga. Seeing thus, they clearly perceive the supreme, ageless one abiding in the self.
12.311.26
योगदर्शनमेतावदुक्तं ते तत्वतो मया ।
साङ्ख्याज्ञानं प्रवक्ष्यामि परिसंख्यानदर्शनम् ॥ १२.३११.२६ ॥
Thus far I have truly told you the philosophy of yoga. Now I shall declare the knowledge of Sāṅkhya, the philosophy of enumeration.
12.311.27
अव्यक्तमाहुः प्रकृतिं परां प्रकृतिवादिनः ।
तस्मान्महत्समुत्पन्नं द्वितीयं राजसत्तम ॥ १२.३११.२७ ॥
The proponents of Prakṛti call the supreme Prakṛti the unmanifest. From it arose the great principle, the second, O best of kings.
12.311.28
अहंकारस्तु महतस्तृतीय इति नः श्रुतम् ।
पञ्चभूतान्यहंकारादाहुः साङ्ख्यनिदर्शिनः ॥ १२.३११.२८ ॥
Ego-sense, we have heard, is the third after the great principle. The expounders of Sāṅkhya say that the five elements arise from ego-sense.
12.311.29
एताः प्रकृतयश्चाष्टौ विकाराश्चापि षोडश ।
पञ्च चैव विशेषा वै तथा पञ्चेन्द्रियाणि च ॥ १२.३११.२९ ॥
These are the eight natures, and there are also sixteen modifications. And there are the five specifics, and likewise the five senses.
12.311.30
एतावदेव तत्त्वानां साङ्ख्या आहुर्मनीषिणः ।
साङ्ख्ये विधिविधानज्ञा नित्यं साङ्ख्यपथे रताः ॥ १२.३११.३० ॥
The wise Sāṅkhya teachers say the principles are exactly this many. Those who know the rule and procedure of Sāṅkhya always delight in the path of Sāṅkhya.
12.311.31
यस्माद्यदभिजायेत तत्तत्रैव प्रलीयते ।
लीयन्ते प्रतिलोमानि सृज्यन्ते चान्तरात्मना ॥ १२.३११.३१ ॥
That from which a thing arises, there alone it is dissolved. The principles are dissolved in reverse order, and by the inner self they are created again.
12.311.32
अनुलोमेन जायन्ते लीयन्ते प्रतिलोमतः ।
गुणा गुणेषु सततं सागरस्योर्मयो यथा ॥ १२.३११.३२ ॥
In direct order the qualities arise, and in reverse order they are dissolved. As the waves of the ocean, so the qualities constantly dissolve into qualities.
12.311.33
सर्वप्रलय एतावान्प्रकृतेर्नृपसत्तम ।
एकत्वं प्रलये चास्य बहुत्वं च यदाऽसृजत् ॥ १२.३११.३३ ॥
O best of kings, this is the whole dissolution of Prakṛti. In dissolution it is in unity, and when it creates, it brings forth multiplicity.
12.311.34
एवमेव च राजेन्द्र विज्ञेयं ज्ञेयचिन्तकैः ।
अधिष्ठाता य इत्युक्तस्तस्याप्येतन्निदर्शनम् ॥ १२.३११.३४ ॥
O lord of kings, in just this way should it be understood by those who reflect on what is to be known. This is also the illustration of the one who was called the presiding ruler.
12.311.35
एकत्वं च बहुत्वं च प्रकृतेरनुतत्त्ववान् ।
एकत्वं प्रलये चास्य बहुत्वं च प्रवर्तनात् ॥ १२.३११.३५ ॥
Of Prakṛti, possessing the principles in order, there is both unity and multiplicity. In dissolution there is its unity, and from its unfolding its multiplicity.
12.311.36
बहुधाऽऽत्मानमकरोत्प्रकृतिः प्रसावत्मिका ।
तच्च क्षेत्रं महानात्मा पञ्चविंशोऽधितिष्ठति ॥ १२.३११.३६ ॥
Prakṛti, whose nature is to generate, made herself manifold in many ways; and over that field presides the great self, the twenty-fifth.
12.311.37
अधिष्ठातेति राजेन्द्र प्रोच्यते यतिसत्तमैः ।
अधिष्ठानादधिष्ठाता क्षेत्राणामिति नः श्रुतम् ॥ १२.३११.३७ ॥
O lord of kings, the best of ascetics call him the presider, the one who presides over the fields because of his support; so we have heard.
12.311.38
क्षेत्रं जानाति चाव्यक्तं क्षेत्रज्ञ इति चोच्यते ।
अव्यक्तके पुरे शेते पुरुषश्चेति कथ्यते ॥ १२.३११.३८ ॥
He who knows the field and the unmanifest is called the knower of the field; he lies in the unmanifest city, and so he is also called the person.
12.311.39
अन्यदेव च क्षेत्रं स्यादन्यः क्षेत्रज्ञ उच्यते ।
क्षेत्रमव्यक्तमित्युक्तं ज्ञाता वै पञ्चविंशकः ॥ १२.३११.३९ ॥
The field is indeed one thing, and the knower of the field is said to be another; the field has been called the unmanifest, and the knower is indeed the twenty-fifth.
12.311.40
अन्यदेव वचो ज्ञानं स्यादन्यज्ज्ञेयमुच्यते ।
ज्ञानमव्यक्तमित्युक्तं ज्ञेयो वै पञ्चविंशकः ॥ १२.३११.४० ॥
Speech and knowledge are indeed different things, and the knowable is called another; knowledge has been called the unmanifest, and the knowable is indeed the twenty-fifth.
12.311.41
अव्यक्तं क्षेत्रमित्युक्तं यथासत्वं तथेश्वरम् ।
अनीश्वरमतत्त्वं च तत्त्वं तत्पञ्चविंशकम् ॥ १२.३११.४१ ॥
The unmanifest has been called the field, and the lord is likewise according to its nature. What is not lord is not a principle; the principle is the twenty-fifth.
12.311.42
साङ्ख्यदर्शनमेतावत्परिसङ्ख्यानदर्शनम् ।
साङ्ख्याः प्रकुर्वते चैव प्रकृतिं च प्रचक्षते ॥ १२.३११.४२ ॥
This is the Sāṅkhya doctrine, the doctrine of enumeration. The Sāṅkhyas do produce nature and they declare it.
12.311.43
तत्त्वानि च चतुर्विशत्परिसंख्याय तत्त्वतः ।
साङ्ख्याः सह प्रकृत्या तु निस्तत्त्वः पञ्चविंशकः ॥ १२.३११.४३ ॥
Having truly enumerated the twenty-four principles, the Sāṅkhyas, together with Prakṛti, speak of the twenty-fifth as without principle.
12.311.44
पञ्चविंशो प्रबुद्धात्मा बुध्यमान इति स्मृतः ।
यदा तु बुध्यतेऽऽत्मानं तदा भवति केवलः ॥ १२.३११.४४ ॥
The twenty-fifth is the awakened self, remembered as the one who is awakening. When it knows the self, then it becomes isolated.
12.311.45
सम्यग्दर्शनमेतावद्भाषितं तव तत्त्वतः ।
एवमेतद्विजानन्तः साम्यतां प्रतियान्त्युत ॥ १२.३११.४५ ॥
Thus has this much of right vision been truly spoken by you. Those who know it thus attain equanimity.
12.311.46
सम्यङ्गिदर्शनं नाम प्रत्यक्षं प्रकृतेस्तथा ।
गुणतत्त्वाद्यथैतानि निर्गुणोऽन्यस्तथा भवेत् ॥ १२.३११.४६ ॥
Right vision, so called, is the direct perception of Prakṛti; just as these arise from the principles of the guṇas, so the other becomes without qualities.
12.311.47
न त्वेवं वर्तमानानामावृत्तिर्विद्यते पुनः ।
विद्यतेऽक्षरभावत्वे स परात्परमव्ययम् ॥ १२.३११.४७ ॥
But for those who abide thus there is no return again; in the state of the imperishable exists that which is higher than the highest, the undecaying.
12.311.48
पश्येरन्नेकमतयो न सम्यक् तेषु दर्शनम् ।
ते व्यक्तं प्रतिपद्यन्ते पुनः पुनररिंदम् ॥ १२.३११.४८ ॥
Those of one opinion may look, yet in them there is no right vision; they attain the manifest again and again, O subduer of foes.
12.311.49
सर्वमेतद्विजानन्तो नासर्वस्य प्रबोधनात् ।
व्यक्तीभूता भविष्यन्ति व्यक्तस्य वशवर्तिनः ॥ १२.३११.४९ ॥
Those who know all this, not through the awakening of what is not all, will become manifest and subject to the manifest one.
12.311.50
सर्वमव्यक्तमित्युक्तमसर्वः पञ्चविंशकः ।
य एनमभिजानन्ति न भयं तेषु विद्यते ॥ १२.३११.५० ॥
Everything is said to be unmanifest; the twenty-fifth, the not-all, is so called. Among those who recognize him there is no fear.