Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.313
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12.313.1
अप्रबुद्धमथाव्यक्तमिमं गुणविधिं शृणु ।
गुणान्धारयते ह्येषा सृजत्याक्षिपते तथा ॥ १२.३१३.१ ॥
Listen to this manner of the guṇas, unawakened and unmanifest. It holds the guṇas, creates, and likewise withdraws them.
12.313.2
अजस्रं त्विह क्रीडार्थं विकरोति जनाधिप ।
आत्मानं बहुधा कृत्वा तान्येव प्रविचक्षते ॥ १२.३१३.२ ॥
O lord of men, here she constantly transforms herself in many ways for the sake of play, and people describe those very forms.
12.313.3
एतदेवं विकुर्वाणं बुध्यमानो न बुध्यते ।
अव्यक्तबोधनाच्चैव बुध्यमानं वदन्त्यपि ॥ १२.३१३.३ ॥
Even one who perceives this thus transforming does not perceive it; and from the awareness of the unmanifest, people call even the perceiver one who perceives.
12.313.4
न त्वेव बुध्यतेऽव्यक्तं सगुणं वाऽथ निर्गुणम् ।
कदाचित्त्वेव खल्वेतदाहुरप्रतिबुद्धकम् ॥ १२.३१३.४ ॥
Indeed he never truly comprehends the unmanifest, whether with qualities or without qualities; yet at times they call this very thing the unawakened.
12.313.5
बुध्यते यदि वाऽव्यक्तमेतद्वै पञ्चविंशकम् ।
बुध्यमानो भवत्येष सङ्गात्मक इति श्रुतिः।
अनेनाप्रतिबुद्धेति वदन्त्यव्यक्तमच्युतम् ॥ १२.३१३.५ ॥
If the unmanifest, this twenty-fifth principle, is comprehended, then the one who comprehends becomes of the nature of aggregation, so the scripture says. By this, they call the imperishable unmanifest unawakened.
12.313.6
अव्यक्तोबोधनाच्चापि बुध्यमानं वदन्त्युत ।
पञ्चविंशं महात्मानं न चासावपि बुध्यते ॥ १२.३१३.६ ॥
From the awakening of the unmanifest, people call even the one who comprehends a comprehender; yet even he does not comprehend the great self, the twenty-fifth.
12.313.7
षङ्विशं विमलं बुद्धमप्रमेयं सनातनम् ।
स तु तं पञ्चविंशं च चतुर्विशं च बुध्यते ॥ १२.३१३.७ ॥
He knows the twenty-sixth, the stainless, awakened, immeasurable and eternal; and he knows the twenty-fifth and the twenty-fourth.
12.313.8
दृश्यादृश्यौ ह्यनुगतावुभावेव महाद्युती ।
अव्यक्तं तत्तु तद्ब्रह्म बुध्यते तात केवलम् ॥ १२.३१३.८ ॥
Both the visible and the invisible follow, O greatly radiant one; but that unmanifest Brahman alone, dear one, is known.
12.313.9
केवलं पञ्चविंशं च चतुर्विशं च पश्यति ।
बुध्यमानो यदात्मानमन्योऽहमिति मन्यते ॥ १२.३१३.९ ॥
He sees only the twenty-fifth and the twenty-fourth, when the one who knows, perceiving himself, thinks, 'I am other.'
12.313.10
तदा प्रकृतिमानेष भवत्यव्यक्तलोचनः ।
बुध्यते च परां बुद्धिं विमलाममलां यदा ॥ १२.३१३.१० ॥
Then he becomes one who possesses nature, with unmanifest sight, and when he knows the supreme, stainless, spotless intellect.
12.313.11
षङ्विंशं राजशार्दूल तथा बुद्धत्वमाव्रजेत् ।
ततस्त्यजति सोऽव्यक्तं सर्गप्रलयधर्मि वै ॥ १२.३१३.११ ॥
O tiger among kings, the twenty-sixth likewise attains the state of awakening; then he gives up the unmanifest, which is subject to creation and dissolution.
12.313.12
निर्गुणः प्रकृतिं वेद गुणयुक्तामचेतनाम् ।
ततः केवलधर्माऽसौ भवत्यव्यक्तदर्शनात् ॥ १२.३१३.१२ ॥
The one without qualities knows nature endowed with qualities, unconscious; then, through seeing the unmanifest, he becomes of pure nature.
12.313.13
केवलेन समागम्य विमुक्तोऽऽत्मानमाप्नुयात् ।
एतं वै तत्त्वमित्याहुर्निस्तत्त्वमजरामरम् ॥ १२.३१३.१३ ॥
Having united with the pure (kevala), the liberated one attains the self. This they call the principle (tattva); the beyond-principle is ageless and undying.
12.313.14
तत्त्वसंश्रयणादेष तत्त्ववान्न च मानद ।
पञ्चविंशतितत्त्वानि प्रवदन्ति मनीषिणः ॥ १२.३१३.१४ ॥
O bestower of honour, by taking refuge in the principles he becomes one who has principles, and yet he does not. The wise declare the twenty-five principles.
12.313.15
न चैष तत्त्ववांस्तात निस्तत्त्वस्त्वेष बुद्धिमान् ।
एष मुञ्चति तत्त्वं हि क्षिप्रं बुद्धत्वलक्षणम् ॥ १२.३१३.१५ ॥
Not that he has principles, dear one; he is without principles and wise. He swiftly releases the principle, which is the mark of awakening.
12.313.16
षाङ्विंशोऽहमिति प्राज्ञो गृह्यमाणोऽजरामरः ।
केवलेन बलेनैव समतां यात्यसंशयम् ॥ १२.३१३.१६ ॥
Holding himself as 'the twenty-sixth', the wise man who is grasped is ageless and undying. By the strength of the pure alone he doubtless attains sameness.
12.313.17
षङ्विंशेन प्रबुद्धेन बुध्यमानो ह्यबुद्धिमान् ।
एवं नानात्वमित्युक्तं साङ्ख्यश्रुतिनिदर्शनात् ॥ १२.३१३.१७ ॥
He who is awakened by the twenty-sixth, yet awakens, is unwise. Thus multiplicity has been declared, on the authority of the teaching of the Sāṃkhya scripture.
12.313.18
चेतनेन समेतस्य पञ्चविंशतिकस्य च ।
एकत्वं वै भवत्यस्य यदा बुद्ध्या न बुध्यते ॥ १२.३१३.१८ ॥
For him the twenty-five principles joined with the conscious one become oneness, when he does not know them by the intellect.
12.313.19
बुध्यमानोप्रबुद्धेन समतां याति मैथिल ।
सङ्गधर्मा भवत्येष निःसङ्गात्मा नराधिप ॥ १२.३१३.१९ ॥
O Maithila, the one who is awake attains equality with the one who is not awake. O lord of men, this one becomes of the nature of attachment, and becomes one whose self is free from attachment.
12.313.20
निःसङ्गात्मानमासाद्य षङ्विंशकमजं विभुम् ।
विभुस्त्यजति चाव्यक्तं यदा त्वेताद्विबुध्यते ॥ १२.३१३.२० ॥
Having reached the self free from attachment, he abandons the twenty-sixth, the unborn, all-pervading principle, and the all-pervading unmanifest too, when he comes to know this.
12.313.21
चतुर्विशं महाभाग षङ्विंशस्य प्रबोधनात् ।
एष ह्यप्रतिबुद्धश्च बुध्यमानश्च तेऽनघ ॥ १२.३१३.२१ ॥
O greatly fortunate one, the twenty-fourth is awakened through the awakening of the twenty-sixth. O sinless one, this is both unawakened and awakened for you.
12.313.22
प्रोक्तो बुद्धश्च तत्त्वेन यथाश्रुतिनिदर्शनात् ।
नानात्वैकत्वमेतावद्द्रष्टव्यं शास्त्रदृष्टिभिः ॥ १२.३१३.२२ ॥
As it has been heard, he is declared awakened in truth. Plurality and unity are to be seen just this far, by those whose vision is guided by the scriptures.
12.313.23
मशकोदुम्बरे यद्वदन्यत्वं तद्वदेतयोः ।
मत्स्योदके यथा तद्वदन्यत्वमुपलभ्यते ॥ १२.३१३.२३ ॥
As there is difference between the gnat and the fig tree, so too is there difference between these two. As difference is perceived between the fish and the water, so too (is it perceived here).
12.313.24
एवमेवावगन्तव्यं नानात्वैकत्वमेतयोः ।
एतद्धि मोक्ष इत्युक्तमव्यक्तज्ञानसंज्ञितम् ॥ १२.३१३.२४ ॥
In just this way the plurality and unity of these two is to be understood. This is declared to be liberation, called the knowledge of the unmanifest.
12.313.25
पञ्चविंशतिकस्यास्य योऽयं देहेषु वर्तते ।
एष मोक्षयितव्येति प्राहुरव्यक्तगोचरात् ॥ १२.३१३.२५ ॥
Of this twenty-fifth principle, he who dwells in bodies is to be liberated—so they declare, speaking from the sphere of the unmanifest.
12.313.26
सोयमेवं विमुच्येत नान्यथेति विनिश्चयः ।
परेण परधर्मा च भवत्येष समेत्य वै ॥ १२.३१३.२६ ॥
He is liberated in just this way and not otherwise—this is the firm conclusion. Having joined with the Supreme, he comes to have the supreme nature.
12.313.27
विशुद्धर्मा शुद्धेन बुद्धेन च स बुद्धिमान् ।
विमुक्तधर्मा मुक्तेन समेत्य पुरुषर्षभ ॥ १२.३१३.२७ ॥
That wise one, of purified nature, having joined with the pure and awakened one, becomes of utterly pure nature. O bull among men, having joined with the liberated one, he becomes of liberated nature.
12.313.28
वियोगधर्मिणा चैव वियोगात्मा भवत्यथ ।
विमोक्षिणा विमोक्षश्च समेत्येह तथा भवेत् ॥ १२.३१३.२८ ॥
With that which has the nature of separation, he becomes one whose self is separated; and joined with the liberator, liberation here comes about in just that way.
12.313.29
शुद्धधर्मा शुचिश्चैव भवत्यमितदीप्तिमान् ।
विमलात्मा च भवति समेत्य विमलात्मना ॥ १२.३१३.२९ ॥
Of pure nature and pure, he becomes one of immeasurable radiance; and joined with the stainless self, he becomes a stainless self.
12.313.30
केवलात्मा तथा चैव केवलेन समेत्य वै ।
स्वतन्त्रश्च स्वतन्त्रेण स्वतन्त्रत्वमवाप्नुते ॥ १२.३१३.३० ॥
Likewise, the solitary self, joined with the solitary one, truly attains solitude; the independent one, joined with the independent one, attains independence.
12.313.31
एतावदेतत्कथितं मया ते ।
तथ्यं महाराज यथार्थतत्त्वम्।
अमत्सरत्वं प्रतिगृह्य चार्थं ।
सनातनं ब्रह्म विशुद्धमाद्यम् ॥ १२.३१३.३१ ॥
Thus far I have told you this, great king, the true reality as it is. Taking up this meaning without envy: the eternal, pure, primordial Brahman.
12.313.32
नावेदनिष्ठस्य जनस्य राज ।
न्प्रदेयमेतत्परमं त्वया भवेत्।
विवित्समानाय विबोधकारणं ।
प्रबोधहेतोः प्रणतस्य शासनम् ॥ १२.३१३.३२ ॥
O king, this supreme truth should not be given by you to a person who is not established in the Veda. It should be given only to one who desires to know, who seeks the means of awakening, and who bows in humility.
12.313.33
न देयमेतच्च तथाऽनृतात्मने ।
शठाय क्लीबाय न जिह्नबुद्धये।
न पण्डितज्ञानपरोपतापिने ।
देयं त्वयेदं विनिबोध यादृशे ॥ १२.३१३.३३ ॥
Nor should this be given to one whose nature is false, to the deceitful, the cowardly, or the crooked-minded. Nor to one who torments the learning of the wise. You should give it to one who is not such; understand this.
12.313.34
श्रद्धान्वितायाथ गुणान्विताय ।
परापवादाद्विरताय नित्यम्।
विशुद्धयोगाय बुधाय चैव ।
क्रियावते च क्षमिणे हिताय ॥ १२.३१३.३४ ॥
It should be given to one endowed with faith and virtues, always refraining from slandering others, of pure discipline, wise, dutiful in action, patient, and beneficent.
12.313.35
विविक्तशीलाय विधिप्रियाय ।
विवादहीनाय बहुश्रुताम्।
विजानते चैव दमक्षमावते ।
शक्ताय चैकात्मशमाय देहिनाम् ॥ १२.३१३.३५ ॥
It should be given to one of secluded conduct, who loves the rules, free from dispute, of much learning, who knows, endowed with self-restraint and patience, capable, and whose self is at peace and one with all embodied beings.
12.313.36
एतैर्गुणैर्हीनतमे न देय ।
मेतत्परं ब्रह्म विशुद्धमाहुः।
न श्रेयसा योक्ष्यति तादृशे कृतं ।
धर्मप्रवक्तारमपात्रदानात् ॥ १२.३१३.३६ ॥
This should not be given to one utterly lacking in these qualities. It is called the supreme, pure brahman. What is done for such a one does not join with well-being; by giving to the unworthy, even the teacher of dharma (gains nothing).
12.313.37
पृथ्वीमिमां यद्यपि रत्नपूर्णां ।
दद्यान्न देयं त्विदमव्रताय।
जितेन्द्रियायैतदसंशयं ते ।
भवेत्प्रदेयं परमं नरेन्द्र ॥ १२.३१३.३७ ॥
Even if one were to give this earth, full of jewels, it should not be given to one without vows. But, O lord of men, to one who has mastered his senses it would undoubtedly be the supreme thing to give, for you.
12.313.38
कराल मा ते भयमस्तु किंचि ।
देतच्छ्रुतं ब्रह्म परं त्वयाऽद्य।
यथावदुक्तं परमं पवित्रं ।
विशोकमत्यन्तमनादिमध्यम् ॥ १२.३१३.३८ ॥
O dread one, let no fear at all be yours. Today you have heard that supreme brahman, rightly spoken: supreme, pure, free from sorrow, utterly without beginning or middle.
12.313.39
अगाधजन्मामरणं च राज ।
न्निरामयं वीतभयं शिवं च।
समीक्ष्य मोहं त्यज बाऽद्य सर्व ।
ज्ञानस्य तत्त्वार्थमिदं विदित्वा ॥ १२.३१३.३९ ॥
O king, its birth is unfathomable, it is deathless, free from disease, free from fear, and auspicious. Having understood this, and having examined delusion, now abandon everything; knowing this as the true meaning of knowledge, give up delusion.
12.313.40
अवाप्तमेतद्धि मया सनातना ।
द्धिरण्यगर्भाद्यजतो नराधिप।
प्रसाद्य यत्नेन तमुग्रतेजसं ।
सनातनं ब्रह्म यथाऽद्य वै त्वया ॥ १२.३१३.४० ॥
O lord of men, this eternal (knowledge) I obtained from Hiraṇyagarbha while worshipping him. Having propitiated that one of fierce splendour with effort, I obtained the eternal brahman, just as you have obtained it today.
12.313.41
पृष्टस्त्वया चास्मि यथा नरेन्द्र ।
तथा मयेदं त्वयि चोक्तमद्य।
तथाऽवाप्तं ब्रह्मणो मे नरेन्द्र ।
महाज्ञानं मोक्षविदां परायणम् ॥ १२.३१३.४१ ॥
As you asked, O lord of men, so today I have told you this. O lord of men, the great knowledge I obtained from Brahman is the supreme refuge of those who know liberation.
12.313.42
एतदुक्तं परं ब्रह्म यस्मान्नावर्तते पुनः ।
पञ्चविंशो महाराज परमर्षिनिदर्शनात् ॥ १२.३१३.४२ ॥
This supreme Brahman has been declared, for one who attains it does not return again. O great king, the twenty-fifth principle is known thus through the teaching of the supreme sage.
12.313.43
पुनरावृत्तिमाप्नोति परं ज्ञानमवाप्य च ।
नावबुध्यति तत्त्वेन बुध्यमानोऽजरामरम् ॥ १२.३१३.४३ ॥
Even having obtained supreme knowledge, one who does not truly understand the ageless and immortal, though striving to know it, attains return again.
12.313.44
एतन्निः श्रेयसकरं ज्ञानं ते परमं मया ।
कथितं तत्त्वतस्तात श्रुत्वा देवर्षितो नृप ॥ १२.३१३.४४ ॥
Dear son, this supreme knowledge that brings the highest good I have told you truly. O king, I heard it from the divine sage.
12.313.45
हिरण्यगर्भादृषिणा वसिष्ठेन महात्मना ।
वसिष्ठादृषिशार्दूलान्नारदोऽवाप्तवानिदम् ॥ १२.३१३.४५ ॥
From Hiraṇyagarbha, the great-souled sage Vasiṣṭha obtained it; from Vasiṣṭha, Nārada, the tiger among sages, obtained this.
12.313.46
नारदाद्विदितं मह्यमेतद्ब्रह्म सनातनम् ।
मा शुचः कौरवेन्द्र त्वं श्रुत्वैतत्परमं पदम् ॥ १२.३१३.४६ ॥
From Nārada I came to know this eternal Brahman. O lord of the Kurus, having heard this supreme state, do not grieve.
12.313.47
येन क्षराक्षरे वित्ते भयं तस्य न विद्यते ।
विद्यते तु भयं तस्य यो नैतद्वेत्ति पार्थिव ॥ १२.३१३.४७ ॥
He who knows the perishable and the imperishable has no fear. But fear belongs to him who does not know this, O king.
12.313.48
अविज्ञानाच्च मूढात्मा पुनः पुनरुपाद्रवत् ।
प्रेत्य जातिसहस्राणि मरणान्तान्युपाश्नुते ॥ १२.३१३.४८ ॥
Through ignorance the deluded soul is harassed again and again. After death he undergoes thousands of births, each ending in death.
12.313.49
देवलोकं तथा तिर्यङ्भनुष्यमपि चाश्नुते ।
यदि शुध्यति कालेन तस्मादज्ञानसागरात् ॥ १२.३१३.४९ ॥
He attains the world of gods, and also animal and human births, if in time he is purified from that ocean of ignorance.
12.313.50
उत्तीर्णोऽस्मादगाधात्स परमाप्नोति शोभनम् ।
अज्ञानसागरो घोरो ह्यव्यक्तोऽगाध उच्यते।
अहन्यहनि मज्जन्ति यत्र भूतानि भारत ॥ १२.३१३.५० ॥
He who has crossed over from this unfathomable depth attains the supreme and auspicious state. The ocean of ignorance is terrible; the unmanifest is called unfathomable, where beings sink day after day, O Bhārata.
12.313.51
यस्मादगाधादव्यक्तादुत्तीर्णस्त्वं सनातनात् ।
तस्मात्त्वं विरजाश्चैव वितमस्कश्च पार्थिव ॥ १२.३१३.५१ ॥
Since you have crossed over from that unfathomable, unmanifest, eternal depth, therefore, O king, you have become free from passion and free from darkness.