Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.315
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12.315.1
धर्माधर्मविमुक्तं यद्विमुक्तं सर्वसंशयात् ।
जन्ममृत्युविमुक्तं च विमुक्तं पुण्यपापयोः ॥ १२.३१५.१ ॥
That which is freed from dharma and adharma, freed from all doubts, freed from birth and death, and freed from merit and demerit.
12.315.2
यच्छिवं नित्यमभयं नित्यमक्षरमव्ययम् ।
शुचि नित्यमनायासं तद्भवान्वक्तुमर्हति ॥ १२.३१५.२ ॥
That which is auspicious, eternal, fearless, eternal, imperishable, undecaying, pure, eternal and effortless — you are fit to speak of it.
12.315.3
अत्र ते वर्तयिष्यामि इतिहासं पुरातनम् ।
याज्ञवल्क्यस्य संवादं जनकस्य च भारत ॥ १२.३१५.३ ॥
Here I shall relate to you an ancient history — the dialogue of Yājñavalkya and Janaka, O Bhārata.
12.315.4
याज्ञवल्क्यमृषिश्रेष्ठं दैवरातिर्महायशाः ।
पप्रच्छ जनको राजा प्रश्नं प्रश्नविदांवरः ॥ १२.३१५.४ ॥
The king Janaka, Daivarāti, mighty in fame and best of those who know questions, asked a question of Yājñavalkya, best of sages.
12.315.5
कतीन्द्रियाणि विप्रर्षे कति प्रकृतयः स्मृताः ।
किमव्यक्तं परं ब्रह्म तस्माच्च परतस्तु किम् ॥ १२.३१५.५ ॥
O brahmin-sage, how many senses are there, and how many principles of nature are declared? What is the unmanifest, what is the supreme Brahman, and what is beyond that?
12.315.6
प्रभवं चाप्ययं चैव कालसङ्ख्यां तथैव च ।
वक्तुमर्हसि विप्रेन्द्र त्वदनुग्रहकाङ्क्षिणः ॥ १२.३१५.६ ॥
The origin and dissolution, and likewise the reckoning of time — O best of brahmins, you ought to speak of these to me, who desire your grace.
12.315.7
अज्ञानात्परिपृच्छामि त्वं हि ज्ञानमयो निधिः ।
तदहं श्रोतुमिच्छामि सर्वमेतदसंशयम् ॥ १२.३१५.७ ॥
Out of ignorance I ask you, for you are a treasury of knowledge; therefore I wish to hear all of this without doubt.
12.315.8
श्रूयतामवनीपाल यदेतदनुपृच्छसि ।
योगानां परमं ज्ञानं साङ्ख्यानां च विशेषतः ॥ १२.३१५.८ ॥
Hear, O protector of the earth, what you ask: this is the supreme knowledge of the yogas, and especially of the Sāṅkhyas.
12.315.9
त तवाविदितं किंचिन्मां तु जिज्ञासते भवान् ।
पृष्टेन चापि वक्तव्यमेष धर्मः सनातनः ॥ १२.३१५.९ ॥
Nothing is unknown to you, yet you wish to learn it from me; to speak when asked is the eternal dharma.
12.315.10
अष्टौ प्रकृतयः प्रोक्ता विकाराश्चापि षोडश ।
आसां तु सप्त व्यक्तानि प्राहुरध्यात्मचिन्तकाः ॥ १२.३१५.१० ॥
Eight primal natures are declared, and sixteen modifications as well; of these, seven are called manifest by those who reflect on the self.
12.315.11
अव्यक्तं च महांश्चैव तथाऽहंकार एव च ।
पृथिवी वायुराकाशमापो ज्योतिश्च पञ्चमम् ॥ १२.३१५.११ ॥
The unmanifest, the great one, and likewise ego-sense; earth, air, ether, water, and fire as the fifth.
12.315.12
एताः प्रकृतयस्त्वष्टौ विकारानपि मे शृणु ।
श्रोत्रं त्वक्चैव चक्षुश्च जिह्वा घ्राणं च पञ्चमम् ॥ १२.३१५.१२ ॥
These are the eight primal natures; hear also the modifications from me: the ear, the skin, the eye, the tongue, and as the fifth, the nose.
12.315.13
शब्दः स्पर्शश्च रूपं च रसो गन्धस्तथैव च ।
वाक्च हस्तौ च पादौ च पायुर्मेढ्रं तथैव च ॥ १२.३१५.१३ ॥
Sound, touch, form, taste, and smell; likewise speech, the two hands, the two feet, the anus, and the genitals.
12.315.14
एते विशेषा राजेन्द्रा महाभूतेषु पञ्चसु ।
बुद्धीन्द्रियाण्यथैतानि सविशेषाणि मैथिल ॥ १२.३१५.१४ ॥
These are the special qualities of the five great elements, O lord of kings; and these organs of perception, O Maithila, have their own special qualities.
12.315.15
मनः षोडशकं प्राहुरध्यात्मगतिचिन्तकाः ।
त्वं चैवान्ये च विद्वांसस्तत्त्वबुद्धिविशारदाः ॥ १२.३१५.१५ ॥
Those who reflect on the path of the self call the mind the sixteenth; so do you and the other learned men skilled in understanding reality.
12.315.16
अव्यक्ताच्च महानात्मा समुत्पद्यति पार्थिव ।
प्रथमं सर्गमित्येतदाहुः प्राधानिकं बुधाः ॥ १२.३१५.१६ ॥
From the unmanifest arises the great self, O king. The wise call this the first creation, the one proceeding from prakṛti.
12.315.17
महतश्चाप्यहंकार उत्पद्यति नराधिप ।
द्वितीयं सर्गमित्याहुरेतद्बुद्ध्यात्मकं स्मृतम् ॥ १२.३१५.१७ ॥
From the great, O lord of men, the ego-sense also arises. This is called the second creation, and it is said to have the nature of intellect.
12.315.18
अहंकाराच्च संभूतं मनो भूतगुणात्मकम् ।
तृतीयः सर्ग इत्येष आहंकारिक उच्यते ॥ १२.३१५.१८ ॥
The mind, produced from the ego-sense, has the nature of the qualities of the elements. This is called the third creation, the one born of ahaṃkāra.
12.315.19
मनसस्तु समुद्भूता महाभूता नराधिप ।
चतुर्थं सर्गमित्येतन्मानसं चिन्तनात्मकम् ॥ १२.३१५.१९ ॥
From the mind, O lord of men, arose the great elements. This is the fourth creation, the mental one, whose nature is thought.
12.315.20
शब्दः स्पर्शश्च रूपं च रसो गन्धस्तथैव च ।
पञ्चमं सर्गमित्याहुर्भौतिकं भूतचिन्तकाः ॥ १२.३१५.२० ॥
Sound, touch, form, taste and smell — the thinkers on the elements call this the fifth creation, the material one.
12.315.21
श्रोत्रं त्वक्चैव चक्षुश्च जिह्वा घ्राणं च पञ्चमम् ।
सर्गं तु षष्ठमित्याहुर्बहुचिन्तात्मकं स्मृतम् ॥ १२.३१५.२१ ॥
Hearing, skin, sight, tongue and smell — they call these the sixth creation, which is remembered as having the nature of much thought.
12.315.22
अधः श्रोत्रेन्द्रियग्राम उत्पद्यदि नराधिप ।
सप्तमं सर्गमित्याहुरेतदैन्द्रियकं स्मृतम् ॥ १२.३१५.२२ ॥
When the host of hearing-organs arises from below, O lord of men — they call this the seventh creation, which is remembered as sensory.
12.315.23
ऊर्ध्वं स्रोतस्तथा तिर्यगुत्पद्यति नराधिप ।
अष्टमं सर्गमित्याहुरेतदार्जवकं स्मृतम् ॥ १२.३१५.२३ ॥
It arises upward in a stream and also sideways, O lord of men — they call this the eighth creation, which is remembered as straightforward.
12.315.24
तिर्यक्स्रोतस्त्वधःस्रोत उत्पद्यति नराधिप ।
नवमं सर्गमित्याहुरेतदार्जवकं बुधाः ॥ १२.३१५.२४ ॥
It arises sideways and downward in a stream, O lord of men — they call this the ninth creation; the wise call it straightforward.
12.315.25
एते वै नव सर्गा हि तत्त्वानि च नराधिप ।
चतुर्विशतिरुक्तानि यथाश्रुतिनिदर्शनम् ॥ १२.३१५.२५ ॥
O lord of men, these are indeed the nine creations, and the principles have been declared to be twenty-four, as shown by what is heard in the scripture.
12.315.26
अत ऊर्ध्वं महाराज गुणस्यैतस्य तत्त्वतः ।
महात्मभिरनुप्रोक्तां कालसङ्ख्यां निबोध मे ॥ १२.३१५.२६ ॥
Hereafter, great king, understand from me, according to the true principle of this quality, the reckoning of time as taught by the great-souled sages.