Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.318
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12.318.1
पादावध्यात्ममित्याहुर्ब्राह्मणास्तत्त्वदर्शिनः ।
गन्तव्यमधिभूतं च विष्णुस्तत्राधिदैवतम् ॥ १२.३१८.१ ॥
The brahmins who see the truth say the feet are the inner self; going is the element, and Viṣṇu is the presiding deity there.
12.318.2
पायुरध्यात्ममित्याहुर्यथातत्त्वार्थदर्शिनः ।
विसर्गमधिभूतं च मित्रस्तत्राधिदैवतम् ॥ १२.३१८.२ ॥
Those who see the true meaning say the anus is the inner self; excretion is the element, and Mitra is the presiding deity there.
12.318.3
उपस्थोऽध्यात्ममित्याहुर्यथायोगप्रदर्शिनः ।
अधिभूतं तथाऽऽनन्दो दैवतं च प्रजापतिः ॥ १२.३१८.३ ॥
Those who teach yoga say the genital organ is the inner self; bliss is the element, and its deity is Prajāpati.
12.318.4
हस्तावध्यात्ममित्याहुर्यथासङ्ख्यानदर्शिनः ।
कर्तव्यमधिभूतं तु इन्द्रस्तत्राधिदैवतम् ॥ १२.३१८.४ ॥
Those who see the enumeration correctly say the hands are the inner self; what is to be done is the element, and Indra is the presiding deity there.
12.318.5
वागध्यात्ममिति प्राहुर्यथाश्रुतिनिदर्शिनः ।
वक्तव्यमधिभूतं तु वह्निस्तत्राधिदैवतम् ॥ १२.३१८.५ ॥
Those who show according to the revealed texts say speech is the inner self; what is to be spoken is the element, and Agni is the presiding deity there.
12.318.6
चक्षुरध्यात्ममित्याहुर्यथाश्रुतिनिदर्शिनः ।
रूपमत्राधिभूतं तु सूर्यश्चाप्यधिदैवतम् ॥ १२.३१८.६ ॥
Those who show according to the revealed texts say the eye is the inner self; here form is the element, and the sun is the presiding deity.
12.318.7
श्रोत्रमध्यात्ममित्याहुर्यथाश्रुतिनिदर्शिनः ।
शब्दस्तत्राधिभूतं तु दिशश्चात्राधिदैवतम् ॥ १२.३१८.७ ॥
The ear, they say, is the inner self, as those who teach according to scripture declare. Here sound is the external object, and here the directions are the presiding deities.
12.318.8
जिह्वामध्यात्ममित्याहुर्यथाश्रुतिनिदर्शिनः ।
रस एवाधिभूतं तु आपस्तत्राधिदैवतम् ॥ १२.३१८.८ ॥
The tongue, they say, is the inner self, as those who teach according to scripture declare. Taste alone is the external object, and there the waters are the presiding deity.
12.318.9
घ्राणमध्यात्ममित्याहुर्थथाश्रुतिनिदर्शिनः ।
गन्ध एवाधिभूतं तु पृथिवी चाधिदैवतम् ॥ १२.३१८.९ ॥
The nose, they say, is the inner self, as those who teach according to scripture declare. Smell alone is the external object, and the earth is the presiding deity.
12.318.10
त्वगध्यात्ममिति प्राहुस्तत्त्वबुद्धिविशारदाः ।
स्पर्शमेवाधिभूतं तु पवनश्चाधिदैवतम् ॥ १२.३१८.१० ॥
The skin, those skilled in the understanding of reality declare, is the inner self. Touch alone is the external object, and the wind is the presiding deity.
12.318.11
मनोऽध्यात्ममिति प्राहुर्यथा शास्त्रविशारदाः ।
मन्तव्यमधिभूतं तु चन्द्रमाश्चाधिदैवतम् ॥ १२.३१८.११ ॥
The mind, those skilled in the scriptures declare, is the inner self. That which is to be thought is the external object, and the moon is the presiding deity.
12.318.12
आहंकारिकमध्यात्ममाहुस्तत्त्वनिदर्शिनः ।
अभिमानोऽधिभूतं तु बुद्धिश्चात्राधिदैवतम् ॥ १२.३१८.१२ ॥
That which arises from the sense of self, those who teach the principles of reality declare, is the inner self. Self-conceit is the external object, and here the intellect is the presiding deity.
12.318.13
बुद्धिरध्यात्ममित्याहुर्यथावदभिदर्शिनः ।
बोद्धव्यमधिभूतं तु क्षेत्रज्ञश्चाधिदैवतम् ॥ १२.३१८.१३ ॥
Intellect, the seers of truth say, is the inner self (adhyātma); what is to be known is the elemental (adhibhūta), and the knower of the field is the divine (adhidaivata).
12.318.14
एषा ते व्यक्तितो राजन्विभूतिरनुदर्शिता ।
आदौ मध्ये तथाऽन्ते च यथा तत्त्वेन तत्त्ववित् ॥ १२.३१८.१४ ॥
Here, O king, is your glory (vibhūti) shown to you clearly, at the beginning, the middle and the end, as the knower of truth explains it in truth.
12.318.15
प्रकृतिर्गुणान्विकुरुते स्वच्छन्देनात्मकाम्यया ।
क्रीडार्थे तु महाराज शतशोऽथ सहस्रशः ॥ १२.३१८.१५ ॥
Prakṛti, by its own will and by its own desire, O great king, transforms the qualities (guṇas) hundreds and thousands of times, merely for the sake of play.
12.318.16
यथा दीपसहस्राणि दीपान्मर्त्याः प्रकुर्वते ।
प्रकृतिस्तथा विकुरुते पुरुषस्य गुणान्बहून् ॥ १२.३१८.१६ ॥
As mortals kindle a thousand lamps from one lamp, so prakṛti transforms the many qualities of the puruṣa.
12.318.17
सत्वमानन्द उद्रेकः प्रीतिः प्राकाम्यमेव च ।
सुखं शुद्धत्वमारोग्यं संतोषः श्रद्दधानता ॥ १२.३१८.१७ ॥
Goodness (sattva), joy, excess, delight, the fulfilment of desire, happiness, purity, health, contentment and faith.
12.318.18
अकार्पण्यमसंरम्भः क्षमा धृतिरहिंसता ।
समता सत्यमानृण्यमार्जवं ह्रीरचापलम् ॥ १२.३१८.१८ ॥
Non-meanness, absence of wrath, forgiveness, steadfastness, non-violence, equanimity, truth, freedom from debt, uprightness, modesty and absence of fickleness.
12.318.19
शौचमार्दवमाचारमलौल्यं हृद्यसंभ्रमः ।
इष्टानिष्टवियोगानां कृतानामविकत्थना ॥ १२.३१८.१९ ॥
Purity, gentleness, good conduct, freedom from greed, a heart undisturbed, and, when the pleasant and the unpleasant are parted, and regarding one's deeds, the absence of self-boasting.
12.318.20
दानेन चात्मग्रहणमस्पृहत्वं परार्थता ।
सर्वभूतदया चैव सत्वस्यैते गुणाः स्मृताः ॥ १२.३१८.२० ॥
By giving, self-restraint, freedom from longing, devotion to the good of others, and compassion for all beings — these are declared to be the qualities of sattva.
12.318.21
रजोगुणानां संघातो रूपमैश्वर्यविग्रहौ ।
अत्यागित्वमकारुण्यं सुखदुःखोपसेवनम् ॥ १२.३१८.२१ ॥
The aggregate of the qualities of rajas: beauty, lordship and contention, unwillingness to give up, lack of compassion, and attachment to pleasure and pain.
12.318.22
परापवादेषु रतिर्विवादानां च सेवनम् ।
अहंकारस्त्वसत्कारश्चिन्ता वैरोपसेवनम् ॥ १२.३१८.२२ ॥
Delight in slandering others, indulgence in quarrels, egoism and disrespect, anxiety, and the cultivation of enmity.
12.318.23
परितापोऽभिहरणं ह्रीनाशोऽनार्जवं तथा ।
भेदः परुषता चैव कामक्रोधो मदस्तथा ॥ १२.३१८.२३ ॥
Torment, seizing what is not given, loss of modesty, crookedness, division, harshness, desire and anger, and likewise intoxication.
12.318.24
दर्पो द्वेषोऽतिमानश्च एते प्रोक्ता रजोगुणाः ।
तामसानां तुं संघातान्प्रवक्ष्याम्युपधार्यताम् ॥ १२.३१८.२४ ॥
Arrogance, hatred and excessive pride — these are declared to be the qualities of rajas. Now I will explain the aggregates of the tamasic qualities; let them be heeded.
12.318.25
मोहोऽप्रकाशस्तामिस्रमन्धतामिस्रसंज्ञितम् ।
मरणं चान्धतामिस्रं तामिस्रं क्रोध उज्यते ॥ १२.३१८.२५ ॥
Delusion and the absence of light are called tāmisra, which is also named andhatāmisra. Death is andhatāmisra, and anger is called tāmisra.
12.318.26
तमसो लक्षणानीह भक्षणाद्यभिरोचनम् ।
भोजनानामपर्याप्तिस्तथा पेयेष्वतृप्तता ॥ १२.३१८.२६ ॥
The marks of tamas here are: delight in eating and the like, insatiability with foods, and likewise being unsatisfied with drinks.
12.318.27
गन्धवासो विहारेषु शयनेष्वासनेषु च ।
दिवास्वप्ने विवादे च प्रमादेषु च वै रतिः ॥ १२.३१८.२७ ॥
Attachment arises to fragrance and clothing, to pleasure-walks, to beds and seats, to daytime sleep, to dispute, and to heedlessness.
12.318.28
नृत्यवादित्रगीतानामज्ञानाच्छ्रद्दधानता ।
द्वेषो धर्मविशेषाणामेते वै तामसा गुणाः ॥ १२.३१८.२८ ॥
Credulous faith in dance, instruments and song out of ignorance, and aversion toward particular dharmas — these indeed are the tamasic qualities.