Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.327
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12.327.1
यद्भवानाह किं व्यक्तिं किमव्यक्तमिति अत्र ब्रूमः ॥ १२.३२७.१ ॥
You asked what is manifest and what is unmanifest; here we explain.
12.327.2
अव्यक्तमग्राह्यमतर्क्यमपरिमेयमव्यक्तं व्यक्तमुपलक्ष्यते यथर्तवो मूर्तयस्तेषु पुष्पफलैर्व्यक्तिरुपलक्ष्यते तद्वद्व्यक्तगुणैरुपलक्ष्यते ॥ १२.३२७.२ ॥
The unmanifest cannot be grasped, is beyond reasoning and immeasurable; the manifest is what is perceived. As the seasons are known by their forms, and their manifestation is seen in flowers and fruits, so it is perceived through manifest qualities.
12.327.3
प्राग्गतं प्रत्यग्गतमूर्ध्वमधस्तिर्यक्च शतश्चानुग्राह्यत्वात्साऽकृतिः ॥ १२.३२७.३ ॥
That which goes forward, goes backward, upward, downward, sideways and in a hundred directions — because it can be grasped, that is form.
12.327.4
व्यक्त उत्तमो रजः सत्वं तत्प्रधानं तत्वमक्षमजरमित्येवमादीन्यव्यक्तनामानि भवन्ति ।
एवमाह ॥ १२.३२७.४ ॥
The manifest is the highest; rajas, sattva, that pradhāna, that principle, the imperishable, the ageless, and so on, are names of the unmanifest. Thus he spoke.
12.327.5
अव्यक्तं बीजधर्माणं महाग्राहमचेतनम् ।
तस्मादेकगुणो जज्ञे तद्व्यक्तं तत्वमीश्वरः ॥ १२.३२७.५ ॥
The unmanifest, having the nature of a seed, great seizer and unconscious, from it arose the single quality; that manifest principle is the Lord.
12.327.6
तदेतदव्यक्तम्। प्रस्नवा घारणादानस्वभावमापोधारणे प्रजनने दाने गुणानां प्रकृतिः सपराप्रमत्तं तदेतदस्मिन्कार्यकरणे ॥ १२.३२७.६ ॥
That is this unmanifest: springs, holding, of the nature of giving; in holding water, in generation, in giving, it is the nature of the qualities; it is vigilant with the supreme; this is in this effecting and instrument.
12.327.7
यदप्युक्तं किमव्यक्तमिति तत्र ब्रूमः। व्यक्तं नामाऽऽसुरे यत्पूर्वमव्यक्तादुत्पन्नतत्वमीश्वरमप्रतिबुद्धगुणस्यगेतत्पुरुषसंज्ञिकं महदित्युक्तं बुद्धिरिति च। सत्ता स्मृतिर्धृतिर्मेधा व्यवसायः समाधिप्राप्तिरित्येवमादीनि व्यक्तपर्याये नामानि वदन्त्येवमाह ॥ १२.३२७.७ ॥
As to what the unmanifest is, we answer: in the Āsurī teaching what is called manifest is the principle that first arose from the unmanifest, the lord whose qualities are not yet discerned; he calls it, named Puruṣa, the great one, and also intellect. Existence, memory, steadfastness, intelligence, determination, attainment of concentration, and so on, he said, are the names in the manifest category.
12.327.8
मम व्यक्तादुपात्तासिद्धिरागता संयमश्च महद्यतः ।
परसर्गश्च दीप्त्यर्थमौत्सुक्यं च परं तथा ॥ १२.३२७.८ ॥
From the manifest, the accomplishment I have attained has come, and restraint, from which the great one arises; and the higher creation for the sake of radiance, and supreme eagerness likewise.
12.327.9
यदेषोर्ध्यस्रोताभिर्महत्वादप्रतिबुद्धत्वाच्चात्मनः यकरोत्यहंकारमव्यक्ताव्यक्ततरम् ॥ १२.३२७.९ ॥
This, through the upward-flowing streams, by reason of its greatness and the self's non-discernment, produces the sense of 'I' — it is the unmanifest and the more unmanifest.
12.327.10
यदप्युक्तं किमव्यक्ततरमिति अत्र ब्रूमः ॥ १२.३२७.१० ॥
As to what is said to be more unmanifest, here we answer.
12.327.11
व्यक्ताव्यक्ततरं नाम तृतीयं पुरुषसंज्ञकम् ।
तदेतदुभयोर्विरिञ्चवैरिञ्चयोरेकैक उत्पत्तिः ॥ १२.३२७.११ ॥
The third, called the manifest-and-unmanifest-more, named Puruṣa — this arises from each of the two, Virinci and Vairiñca, one by one.
12.327.12
विरिञ्चोऽभिमानिन्यविवेक ईर्ष्या कामः क्रोधो लोभो मदो दर्पो ममकारश्चैतान्यहंकारपर्यायनामानि भवन्त्येवमाह ॥ १२.३२७.१२ ॥
Viriñca says that pride, lack of discernment, envy, desire, anger, greed, intoxication, arrogance, and the sense of 'mine' are all synonyms for egoism.
12.327.13
अहं कर्तेत्यहंकर्ता ससृजे विश्वमीश्वरः ।
तृतीयमेनं पुरुषमभिमानगुणं विदुः ॥ १२.३२७.१३ ॥
'I am the doer': the Lord, who is the doer through egoism, created the universe. This third person they know as having the quality of self-conceit.
12.327.14
अहंकाराद्युगपदुन्मादयामास पञ्च महाभूतानि शब्दस्पर्शरूपरसगन्धलक्षणानि। तान्येव बुद्ध्यन्त इत्येवमाह ॥ १२.३२७.१४ ॥
From egoism he simultaneously set in motion the five great elements, characterized by sound, touch, form, taste and smell. It is these that are perceived, he says.
12.327.15
भूतसङ्घमहङ्काराद्यो विद्वानवबुध्यसे ।
अभिमानमतिक्रम्य महान्तं प्रतितिष्ठते ॥ १२.३२७.१५ ॥
If you, being wise, understand the host of elements arising from egoism, you transcend self-conceit and stand firm in the great one (mahat).
12.327.16
भूतेषु चाप्यहंकारमश्वरूपस्तथोच्यते ।
पुनर्विषयहेत्वर्थे स मनस्संज्ञकः स्मृतः ॥ १२.३२७.१६ ॥
Egoism among the elements is also called horse-formed; and again, for the sake of the objects of the senses, it is remembered by the name manas (mind).
12.327.17
विखराद्वैखरं युगपदिन्द्रियैः सहोत्पादयति। श्रोत्रं घ्राणं चक्षुर्जिह्वा त्वगित्येतानि शब्दस्पर्शरूपरसगन्धानवबुध्यन्त इति पञ्च बुद्धीन्द्रियाणि वदन्त्येवमाहुराचार्याः ॥ १२.३२७.१७ ॥
From vikhara he produces vaikhara together with the senses. Hearing, smell, sight, taste and touch are how sound, touch, form, taste and smell are perceived; these five the teachers call the organs of perception.
12.327.18
वाग्घस्तौ पादपायुरानन्दश्चेति पञ्चेन्द्रियाणि विशेषमादित्योश्वीनि नक्षत्राणीत्येतानीन्द्रियाणां पर्यायनामानि वदन्त्येवमाह ॥ १२.३२७.१८ ॥
Speech, the two hands, the two feet, the anus and joy—these are the five organs of action. They are also specifically called the Ādityas, the Aśvins and the constellations; these are the synonymous names of the senses, so they say.
12.327.19
अहंकारात्तथा भूतान्युत्पाद्य महदात्मनोः ।
वैखरत्वं ततो राज्ञा वैखर्यो विषयात्मकः ॥ १२.३२७.१९ ॥
Having produced the elements from egoity, and likewise from the great principle and the self, then, O king, comes the state of being gross (vaikharatva); the gross (vaikharī) consists of objects.
12.327.20
विकारस्थमहंकारमवबुध्याथ मानवः ।
महदैश्वर्यमाप्नोति यावदाचन्द्रतारकम् ॥ १२.३२७.२० ॥
Having understood egoity abiding in the modifications, a man then attains great sovereignty, for as long as the moon and the stars endure.