Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.33
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12.33.1
कानि कृत्वेह कर्माणि प्रायश्चित्तीयते नरः ।
किं कृत्वा मुच्यते तत्र तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥ १२.३३.१ ॥
What deeds, done here, make a man liable to atonement? What must one do to be freed there? Grandsire, tell me that.
12.33.2
अकुर्वन्विहितं कर्म प्रतिषिद्धानि चाचरन् ।
प्रायश्चित्तीयते ह्येवं नरो मिथ्याऽनुवर्तयन् ॥ १२.३३.२ ॥
A man who does not perform the prescribed duty, who does what is forbidden, and who follows a false course, in this way becomes liable to atonement.
12.33.3
सूर्येणाभ्युदितो यश्च ब्रह्मचारी भवत्युत ।
तथा सूर्याभिनिर्मुक्तः कुनखी श्यावदन्नपि ॥ १२.३३.३ ॥
One who sleeps after the sun has risen, even if he is a celibate student; likewise one who sleeps after the sun has set, one with foul nails, and one with a dark face.
12.33.4
परिवित्तिः परिवेत्ता ब्रह्मेज्यायाश्च दूषकः ।
दिधिषूपतिस्तथा यः स्यादग्रेदिधिषुरेव च ॥ १२.३३.४ ॥
The parivitti, the parivettā, the defiler of a Brahmin's sacrifice, the husband of a remarried woman, and likewise the one who is the first remarrying husband.
12.33.5
अवकीर्णी भवेद्यश्च द्विजातिवधकस्तथा ।
अतीर्थे ब्राह्मणस्त्यागी तीर्थे चाप्रतिपादकः ॥ १२.३३.५ ॥
One who has become an avakīrṇī, a slayer of a twice-born man, one who abandons a Brahmin in an improper place, and one who does not give at a proper place.
12.33.6
ग्रामयाजी च कौन्तेय मांसस्य परिविक्रयी ।
यश्चाग्नीनपविध्येत तथैव ब्रह्मविक्रयी ॥ १२.३३.६ ॥
O son of Kuntī, one who performs sacrifices for a village, one who sells meat, one who casts away the sacred fires, and likewise one who sells the Veda.
12.33.7
शूद्रस्त्रीवधको यश्च पूर्वः पूर्वस्तु गर्हितः ।
वृथा पशुसमालम्भी वनदाहस्य कारकः ॥ १२.३३.७ ॥
He who kills a śūdra woman is more reproachable than the earlier ones; so too he who slaughters animals needlessly and he who sets the forest on fire.
12.33.8
अनृतेनोपवर्ती च प्रतिषेद्धा गुरोस्तथा ।
स्वदत्तस्यापहर्ता च परदत्तनिरोधकः ॥ १२.३३.८ ॥
He who lives by falsehood, who obstructs his teacher, who takes back what he himself gave, and who blocks what another has given.
12.33.9
वाग्दत्तं च मनोदत्तं धारादत्तं च यो हरेत् ।
पाकभेदेन भोक्ता च भुञ्जानस्याप्यनादरः ॥ १२.३३.९ ॥
He who takes back a gift promised by word, given in thought, or given by the pouring of water; he who eats after dividing the cooked food, and he who shows disrespect to one who is eating.
12.33.10
स्वजनैः कलहं चैव आश्रितानामरक्षणम् ।
एतान्येनांसि सर्वाणि व्युत्क्रान्तसमयश्च यः ॥ १२.३३.१० ॥
Quarrelling with one's own kinsmen and failing to protect those who depend on one — all these are sins, and so is he who transgresses the appointed time of observance.
12.33.11
अकार्याणि तु वक्ष्यामि यानि तानि निबोध मे ।
लोकवेदविरुद्धानि तान्येकाग्रमनाः शृणु ॥ १२.३३.११ ॥
Now I shall speak of the improper deeds that are contrary to both the world and the Veda; understand them from me, and listen with a single-minded mind.
12.33.12
स्वधर्मस्य परित्यागः परधर्मस्य च क्रिया ।
अयाज्ययाजनं चैव तथाऽभक्ष्यस्य भक्षणम् ॥ १२.३३.१२ ॥
Abandoning one's own duty and performing another's, officiating at sacrifices for those one should not serve, and eating what is not to be eaten — these are improper deeds.
12.33.13
शरणागतसंत्यागो भृत्यस्याभरणं तथा ।
रसानां विक्रयश्चापि तिर्यग्योनिवधस्तथा ॥ १२.३३.१३ ॥
To abandon one who has taken refuge, to give ornaments to a servant, to sell juices, and likewise to slaughter animals.
12.33.14
आधानादीनि कर्माणि शक्तिमान्न करोति यः ।
अप्रयच्छंश्च सर्वाणि नित्यदेयानि भारत ॥ १२.३३.१४ ॥
He who, though able, does not perform the rites beginning with the ādhāna, and does not give all the gifts that must always be given, O Bhārata.
12.33.15
दक्षिणानामदानं च ब्राह्मणस्वाभिमर्शनम् ।
सर्वाण्येतान्यकार्याणि प्राहुर्धर्मविदो जनाः ॥ १२.३३.१५ ॥
Withholding sacrificial fees and laying hands on a brahmin's property — all these, the knowers of dharma declare to be things not to be done.
12.33.16
पित्रा विवदते पुत्रो यश्च स्याद्गुरुतल्पगः ।
अप्रजायन्नरव्याघ्र भवत्यधार्मिको नरः ॥ १२.३३.१६ ॥
A son who quarrels with his father, and one who lies with his guru's wife — O tiger among men, a man without offspring becomes unrighteous.
12.33.17
उक्तान्येतानि कर्माणि विस्तरेणेतरेण च ॥ १२.३३.१७ ॥
These acts have been declared, both in detail and in brief.
12.33.18
यानि कुर्वन्निकुर्वंश्च प्रायश्चित्तीयते नरः ।
एतान्येव तु कर्माणि क्रियमाणानि मानवैः।
येषुयेषु निमित्तेषु न लिप्यन्तेऽथ ताञ्शृणु ॥ १२.३३.१८ ॥
Those acts which, whether done or left undone, make a man liable to expiation — yet when men perform these acts, in which circumstances they do not taint him: now hear of those.
12.33.19
प्रगृह्य शस्त्रमायान्तमपि वेदान्तगं रणे ।
जिघांसन्तं जिघांसीयान्न तेन ब्रह्महा भवेत् ॥ १२.३३.१९ ॥
If someone comes at you in battle with weapon raised, even one versed to the end in the Vedas, and wishes to kill, one who kills him is not a slayer of a brahmin.
12.33.20
इति चाप्यत्र कौन्तेय मन्त्रो वेदेषु पठ्यते ।
वेदप्रमाणविहितं धर्मं च प्रब्रवीमि ते ॥ १२.३३.२० ॥
Thus, O son of Kuntī, this mantra too is recited in the Vedas on this matter, and I tell you the dharma prescribed by the authority of the Vedas.
12.33.21
अपेतं ब्राह्मणं वृत्ताद्यो हन्यादाततायिनम् ।
न तेन ब्रह्महा स स्यान्मन्युस्तन्मन्युमृच्छति ॥ १२.३३.२१ ॥
A brahmin fallen from conduct, who comes as an aggressor—one who kills him is not a slayer of a brahmin. Anger reaches that same anger.
12.33.22
प्राणात्यये तथा ज्ञानादाचरन्मदिरामपि ।
आदेशितो धर्मपरैः पुनः संस्कारमर्हति ॥ १२.३३.२२ ॥
Even one who drinks liquor in peril of life, or knowingly, when instructed by those devoted to dharma, deserves to be purified again.
12.33.23
एतत्ते सर्वमाख्यातं कौन्तेयाभक्ष्यभक्षणम् ।
प्रायश्चित्तविधानेन सर्वमेतेन शुद्ध्यति ॥ १२.३३.२३ ॥
O son of Kuntī, I have told you all of this concerning the eating of what is not to be eaten; by the rule of expiation, by this, everything is purified.
12.33.24
गुरुतल्पं हि गुर्वर्थं न दूषयति मानवम् ।
उद्दालकः श्वेतकेतुं जनयामास शिष्यतः ॥ १२.३३.२४ ॥
Going to a teacher's bed for the teacher's sake does not defile a man. Uddālaka begot Śvetaketu through his disciple.
12.33.25
स्तेयं कुर्वंश्च गुर्वर्थमापत्सु न निषिध्यते ।
बहुशः कामकारेण न चेद्यः संप्रवर्तते ॥ १२.३३.२५ ॥
For a teacher's sake, one who steals in times of distress is not forbidden, provided it is not carried on repeatedly out of desire.
12.33.26
अन्यत्र ब्राह्मणस्वेभ्य आददानो न दुष्यति ।
स्वयमप्राशिता यश्च न स पापेन लिप्यते ॥ १२.३३.२६ ॥
One who takes from others, except from a brahmin's property, is not defiled; and one who takes what has not been eaten by oneself is not stained by sin.
12.33.27
प्राणत्राणेऽनृतं वाच्यमात्मनो वा परस्य च ।
गुर्वर्थे स्त्रीषु चैव स्याद्विवाहकरणेषु च ॥ १२.३३.२७ ॥
In saving a life, for oneself or for another, for a teacher's sake, concerning women, and in arranging marriages, falsehood may be spoken.
12.33.28
नावर्तते व्रतं स्वप्ने शुक्रमोक्षे कथंचन ।
आज्यहोमः समिद्धेऽग्नौ प्रायश्चित्तं विधीयते ॥ १२.३३.२८ ॥
A vow is not broken by a dream or any emission of semen; an oblation of ghee into a kindled fire is prescribed as expiation.
12.33.29
पारिवित्त्यं तु पतिते नास्ति प्रव्रजिते तथा ।
भिक्षिते पारदार्यं च तद्धर्मस्य न दूषकम् ॥ १२.३३.२९ ॥
There is no pārivittya in the case of one who has fallen or one who has gone forth; likewise pāradārya with one who begs does not defile dharma.
12.33.30
वृथा पशुसमालम्भं नैव कुर्यान्न कारयेत् ।
भ्रनुग्रहः पशूनां हि संस्कारो विधिनोदितः ॥ १२.३३.३० ॥
One should not needlessly slaughter animals, nor cause it to be done; tenderness toward animals is the consecration declared by rule.
12.33.31
अनर्हे ब्राह्मणे दत्तमज्ञानात्तन्न दूषकम् ।
सत्काराणां तथा तीर्थे नित्यं वा प्रतिपादनम् ॥ १२.३३.३१ ॥
A gift given out of ignorance to an unworthy brahmin is not a fault; likewise a gift given with honor at a holy place, or a gift given constantly, is not blameworthy.
12.33.32
स्त्रियास्तथापचारिण्या निष्कृतिः स्याददूषिका ।
अपि सा पूयते तेन न तु भर्ता प्रदुष्यति ॥ १२.३३.३२ ॥
Likewise, for a woman who has transgressed there can be an expiation free of fault; by it she is purified, yet her husband is not defiled.
12.33.33
तत्त्वं ज्ञात्वा तु सोमस्य विक्रयः स्याददोषवान् ।
असमर्थस्य भृत्यस्य विसर्गः स्याददोषवान् ॥ १२.३३.३३ ॥
Knowing the true nature of soma, its sale may be blameless; and the dismissal of an incapable servant may be blameless.
12.33.34
वनदाहो गवामर्थे क्रियमाणो न दूषकः ।
उक्तान्येतानि कर्माणि यानि कुर्वन्न दुष्यति ॥ १२.३३.३४ ॥
Burning a forest for the sake of cows, when it is done, is not blameworthy; one who performs these acts that have been declared is not defiled.
12.33.35
प्रायश्चित्तानि वक्ष्यामि विस्तरेणैव भारत ।
यानि कृत्वा नरः पूतो भविष्यति नराधिप ॥ १२.३३.३५ ॥
Descendant of Bharata, lord of men, I will declare in full the expiations by performing which a man will become purified.