Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.334
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12.334.1
ततः स राजा जनको मन्त्रिभिः सह भारत ।
पुरोहितं पुरस्कृत्य सर्वाण्यन्तः पुराणि च ॥ १२.३३४.१ ॥
Then King Janaka, O Bhārata, with his ministers, placing the household priest in front, together with all his inner apartments, went out to receive him.
12.334.2
आसनं च पुरस्कृत्य रत्नानि विविधानि च ।
शिरसा चार्ध्यमादाय गुरुपुत्रं समभ्यगात् ॥ १२.३३४.२ ॥
Placing a seat and various jewels before him, bowing his head and taking the honorific water offering, he went to the teacher's son.
12.334.3
स तदासनमादाय बहुरत्नविभूषितम् ।
स्पर्ध्यास्तरणसंस्तीर्णं सर्वतोभद्रमृद्धिमत् ॥ १२.३३४.३ ॥
He took that seat, adorned with many jewels, spread with enviable coverings, auspicious on every side and splendid.
12.334.4
पुरोधसा संगृहीतं हस्तेनालभ्य पार्थिवः ।
प्रददौ गुरुपुत्राय शुकाय परमार्चितम् ॥ १२.३३४.४ ॥
The king, touching with his hand that which the household priest had taken up, gave the highly honored seat to the teacher's son Śuka.
12.334.5
तत्रोपविष्टं तं कार्ष्णि शास्त्रतः प्रतिपूज्य च ।
पाद्यं निवेद्य प्रथममर्ध्यं गां च न्यवेदयत् ॥ १२.३३४.५ ॥
Having duly honored the son of Kṛṣṇa seated there according to the scriptures, and first offering water for the feet, he presented the honorific water and also a cow.
12.334.6
स च तां मन्त्रवत्पूजां प्रत्यगृह्णाद्यथाविधि ।
प्रतिगृह्य तु तां पूजां जनकाद्द्विजसत्तमः ॥ १२.३३४.६ ॥
He accepted that worship with mantras and according to rule; having received that worship from Janaka, that best of the twice-born (was pleased).
12.334.7
गां चैव समनुज्ञाय राजानमनुमान्य च ।
पर्यपृच्छन्महातेजा राज्ञः कुशलमव्ययम् ॥ १२.३३४.७ ॥
Having given leave to the cow and honored the king, the greatly radiant one asked after the king's imperishable welfare.
12.334.8
अनामयं च राजेन्द्र शुकः सानुचरस्य ह ।
अनुज्ञातः स तेनाथ निषसाद सहानुगः ॥ १२.३३४.८ ॥
O lord of kings, Śuka and his attendants are also well. Then, having been given leave by him, he sat down together with his followers.
12.334.9
कुशलं चाव्ययं चैव पृष्ट्वा वैयासकिं नृपः ।
किमागमनमित्येवं पर्यपृच्छत पार्थिवः ॥ १२.३३४.९ ॥
Having also asked the son of Vyāsa after his imperishable welfare, the king asked, 'What is the purpose of your coming?'
12.334.10
पित्राऽहमुक्तो भद्रं ते मोक्षधर्मार्थकोविदः ।
विदेहराजो याज्यो मे जनको नाम विश्रुतः ॥ १२.३३४.१० ॥
My father told me, 'May good fortune be yours. The king of Videha, Janaka by name, is renowned—one versed in the dharma and purpose of liberation, and one for whom I am the officiating priest.'
12.334.11
तत्र गच्छस्व वै तूर्णं यदि ते हृदि संशयः ।
प्रवृत्तौ वा निवृत्तौ वा स ते च्छेत्स्यति संशयं ॥ १२.३३४.११ ॥
If there is doubt in your heart, go there quickly. Whether it concerns engagement or renunciation, he will cut away your doubt.
12.334.12
सोहं पितुर्नियोगात्त्वामुपप्रष्टुमिहागतः ।
तन्मे धर्मभृतां श्रेष्ठ यथावद्वक्तुमर्हसि ॥ १२.३३४.१२ ॥
Therefore, at my father's command, I have come here to ask you. O best of those who bear dharma, it is fitting that you explain it to me exactly as it is.
12.334.13
किं कार्यं ब्राह्मणेनेह मोक्षार्थश्च किमात्मकः ।
कथं च मोक्षः प्राप्तव्यो ज्ञानेन तपसाऽथवा ॥ १२.३३४.१३ ॥
What is the duty of a brahmin here, and what should his nature be for the sake of liberation? How is liberation to be attained, through knowledge or through asceticism?
12.334.14
यत्कार्यं ब्राह्मणेनेह जन्मप्रभृति तच्छृणु ।
कृतोपनयनस्तात भवेद्वेदपरायणः ॥ १२.३३४.१४ ॥
Listen to the duty of a brahmin from birth onward. Dear son, once he has undergone initiation he should be devoted to the Veda.
12.334.15
तपसा गुरुवृत्त्या च ब्रह्मचर्येण चाभिभो ।
देवतानामृषीणां चाप्यनृणो ह्यनसूयकः ॥ १२.३३४.१५ ॥
O mighty one, through asceticism, service to the teacher and chaste studentship, free of debt to the gods and the sages, he should be free from envy.
12.334.16
वेदानधीत्य नियतो दक्षिणामपवर्ज्य च ।
अभ्यनुज्ञामथ प्राप्य समावर्तेत वै द्विजः ॥ १२.३३४.१६ ॥
Having studied the Vedas with self-restraint, and having set aside the teacher's fee, the twice-born should return home once he has obtained permission.
12.334.17
समावृत्तश्च गार्हस्थ्ये स्वदारनिरतो वसेत् ।
अनसूयुर्यथान्यायमाहिताग्निरनावृतः ॥ १२.३३४.१७ ॥
Having returned, in the life of a householder he should dwell devoted to his own wife, free from envy, rightly, keeping the sacred fires, unobstructed.
12.334.18
उत्पाद्य पुत्रं पौत्रं तु वन्याश्रमपदे वसेत् ।
तानेवाग्नीन्यथाशास्त्रमर्चयन्नतिथिप्रियः ॥ १२.३३४.१८ ॥
Having begotten a son and a grandson, he should dwell in the forest hermitage, worshipping those very fires according to the scripture, and loving to receive guests.
12.334.19
स वनेऽग्नीन्यथान्यायमात्मन्यारोप्य धर्मवित् ।
निर्द्वन्द्वो बीतरागात्मा ब्रह्माश्रमपदे वसेत् ॥ १२.३३४.१९ ॥
Let the knower of dharma, having duly placed the sacred fires within himself in the forest, free from the pairs of opposites and with a self free from passion, dwell in the hermitage of Brahman.
12.334.20
उत्पन्ने ज्ञानविज्ञाने प्रत्यक्षे हृदि शाश्वते ।
किमवश्यं निवस्तव्यमाश्रमेषु वनेषु वा ॥ १२.३३४.२० ॥
When knowledge and realization have arisen, direct and eternal in the heart, must one necessarily dwell in the hermitages or in the forests?
12.334.21
एतद्भवन्तं पृच्छामि तद्भवान्वक्तुमर्हति ।
यथा वेदार्थतत्त्वेन ब्रूहि मे त्वं जनाधिप ॥ १२.३३४.२१ ॥
This is what I ask you; therefore you are fit to tell it. O lord of men, tell me in accordance with the true essence of the meaning of the Vedas.
12.334.22
न विना ज्ञानविज्ञाने मोक्षस्याधिगमो भवेत् ।
न विना गुरुसंबन्धं ज्ञानस्याधिगमः स्मृतः ॥ १२.३३४.२२ ॥
Without knowledge and realization there is no attaining of liberation, and without connection with a teacher, attainment of knowledge is not recalled.
12.334.23
गुरुः प्लावयिता तस्य ज्ञानं प्लव इहोच्यते ।
विज्ञाय कृतकृत्यस्तु तीर्णस्तदुभयं त्यजेत् ॥ १२.३३४.२३ ॥
The teacher is the one who ferries him across, and here knowledge is called the raft. Having understood knowledge, one whose task is accomplished and who has crossed over should abandon both.
12.334.24
अनुच्छेदाय लोकानामनुच्छेदाय कर्मणाम् ।
पूर्वैराचरितो धर्मश्चातुराश्रम्यसंश्रितः ॥ १२.३३४.२४ ॥
For the continuity of the worlds and for the continuity of rites, the dharma practiced by the ancestors rests on the fourfold order of life.
12.334.25
अनेन क्रमयोगेन बहुजातिषु कर्मणाम् ।
कृत्वा शुभाशुभं कर्म मोक्षो नामेह लभ्यते ॥ १२.३३४.२५ ॥
By this graded discipline, having performed good and bad actions across many births, liberation is attained here.
12.334.26
भावितैः करणैश्चायं बहुसंसारयोनिषु ।
आसादयति शुद्धात्मा मोक्षं वै प्रथमाश्रमे ॥ १२.३३४.२६ ॥
With faculties cultivated through many wombs of saṃsāra, this pure self attains liberation indeed in the first stage of life.
12.334.27
तमासाद्य तु मुक्तस्य दृष्टार्थस्य विपश्चितः ।
त्रिष्वाश्रमेषु कोऽन्वर्थो भवेत्परमभीप्सतः ॥ १२.३३४.२७ ॥
For one who has attained that, is liberated, has seen the truth, and is wise, and desires the highest, what purpose could remain in the three stages of life?
12.334.28
राजसांस्तामसांश्चैव नित्यं दोषान्विवर्जयेत् ।
सात्विकं मार्गमास्थाय पश्येदात्मानमात्मना ॥ १२.३३४.२८ ॥
One should always avoid the faults of passion and darkness; resorting to the path of purity, let one see the self by the self.
12.334.29
सर्वभूतेषु चात्मानं सर्वभूतानि चात्मनि ।
संपश्यन्नोपलिप्येत जले वारिचरो यथा ॥ १२.३३४.२९ ॥
Seeing the self in all beings and all beings in the self, one is not defiled, just as a water-dwelling creature is not soiled by water.
12.334.30
पक्षिवत्प्रायणादूर्ध्वममुत्रानन्त्यमश्नुते ।
विहाय देहान्निर्मुक्तो निर्द्वन्द्वः प्रशमं गतः ॥ १२.३३४.३० ॥
Like a bird, after death he rises upward and attains infinity there; having abandoned the bodies, released and free from the pairs of opposites, having reached tranquility.
12.334.31
अत्र गाथाः पुरा गीताः शृणु राज्ञा ययातिना ।
धार्यन्तो या द्विजैस्तात मोक्षशास्त्रविशारदैः ॥ १२.३३४.३१ ॥
Hear here the verses once sung by King Yayāti, which the twice-born, skilled in the scriptures of liberation, have preserved, dear son.
12.334.32
ज्योतिरात्मनि नान्यत्र सर्वजन्तुषु तत्समम् ।
स्वयं च शक्यते द्रष्टुं सुसमाहितचेतसा ॥ १२.३३४.३२ ॥
That light is in the self and nowhere else, and the same light is in all beings; it can be seen by oneself with a well-composed mind.
12.334.33
न बिभेति परो यस्मान्न बिभेति पराच्च यः ।
यश्च नेच्छति न द्वेष्टि ब्रह्म संपद्यते तु सः ॥ १२.३३४.३३ ॥
He from whom others do not fear, and who does not fear others, who neither desires nor hates, he indeed attains Brahman.
12.334.34
यदा भावं न कुरुते सर्वभूतेषु पापकम् ।
कर्मणा मनसा वाचा ब्रह्म संपद्यते तदा ॥ १२.३३४.३४ ॥
When one does not harbor any harmful intent toward any being, by deed, mind, or speech, then one attains Brahman.
12.334.35
संयोज्य मनसाऽऽत्मानमीर्ष्यामुत्सृज्य मोहनीम् ।
त्यक्त्वा कामं च मोहं च ततो ब्रह्मत्वमश्नुते ॥ १२.३३४.३५ ॥
Having joined the self with the mind, having cast off deluding envy, having abandoned desire and delusion, then one attains the state of Brahman.
12.334.36
यदा श्राव्ये च दृश्ये च सर्वभूतेषु चाप्ययम् ।
समो भवति निर्द्वन्द्वो ब्रह्म संपद्यते तदा ॥ १२.३३४.३६ ॥
When one becomes even-minded toward what is heard and what is seen, and toward all beings, free from pairs of opposites, then one attains Brahman.
12.334.37
यदा स्तुतिं च निन्दां च समत्वेनैव पश्यति ।
काञ्चनं चायसं चैव सुखं दुःखं तथैव च ॥ १२.३३४.३७ ॥
When one sees praise and blame with equal eye, and likewise gold and iron, pleasure and pain,
12.334.38
शीतमुष्णं तथैवार्थमनर्थं प्रियमप्रियम् ।
जीवितं मरणं चैव ब्रह्म संपद्यते तदा ॥ १२.३३४.३८ ॥
When one regards cold and heat, gain and loss, the pleasant and the unpleasant, life and death alike, then he attains Brahman.
12.334.39
प्रसार्येह यथाङ्गानि कूर्मः संहरते पुनः ।
तथेन्द्रियाणि मनसा संयन्तव्यानि भिक्षुणा ॥ १२.३३४.३९ ॥
As a tortoise stretches out its limbs and then draws them back in, so the ascetic should restrain the senses with the mind.
12.334.40
तमः परिगतं वेश्म यथा दीपेन दृश्यते ।
तथा बुद्धिप्रदीपेन शक्य आत्मा निरीक्षितुम् ॥ १२.३३४.४० ॥
As a dark dwelling is seen by means of a lamp, so the self can be perceived by the lamp of intellect.
12.334.41
एतत्सर्वं च पश्यामि त्वयि बुद्धिमतां वर ।
यच्चान्यदपि नोक्तं मे तत्त्वतो वेद तद्भवान् ॥ १२.३३४.४१ ॥
O best of the wise, I see all this in you; and what I have not spoken, you know that too in truth.
12.334.42
ब्रह्मर्षे विदितश्चासि विषयान्तमुपागतः ।
गुरोस्तव प्रसादेन तव चैवोपशिक्षया ॥ १२.३३४.४२ ॥
O sage of the Brahmins, you are renowned and have reached the end of the objects of sense, by the grace of your teacher and by your own instruction.
12.334.43
तस्यैव च प्रसादेन प्रादुर्भूतं महात्मनः ।
ज्ञानं दिव्यं ममापीदं तेनासि विदितो मम ॥ १२.३३४.४३ ॥
By that great-souled one's very grace this divine knowledge has arisen in me too, and through him you have become known to me.
12.334.44
अधिकं तव विज्ञानमधिका च गतिस्तव ।
अधिकं तव चैश्वर्यं तच्च त्वं नावबुध्यसे ॥ १२.३३४.४४ ॥
Greater is your understanding, greater is your path, greater is your sovereignty; yet you do not perceive that yourself.
12.334.45
बाल्याद्वा संशयाद्वापि भयाद्वाऽप्यविमोक्षणात् ।
उत्पन्ने चापि विज्ञाने नाधिगच्छति तां गतिं ॥ १२.३३४.४५ ॥
Through childishness, or through doubt, or through fear, or through not being freed, even when understanding has arisen, one does not attain that goal.
12.334.46
व्यवसायेन शुद्धेन मद्विधैश्छिन्नसंशयः ।
विमुच्य हृदयग्रन्थीनासादयति तां गतिम् ॥ १२.३३४.४६ ॥
By pure resolute effort, with doubt cut off by men like me, having loosed the knots of the heart, one attains that goal.
12.334.47
भवांश्चोत्पन्नविज्ञानः स्थिरबुद्धिरलोलुपः ।
व्यवसायादृते ब्रह्मन्नासादयति तत्परम् ॥ १२.३३४.४७ ॥
You, O brahmin, have understanding arisen, a steady intellect, and are free from craving; yet without resolute effort one does not attain that supreme goal.
12.334.48
नास्ति ते सुखदुःखेषु विशेषो नास्ति लोलुपः ।
नौत्सुक्यं नृत्यगीतेषु न राग उपजायते ॥ १२.३३४.४८ ॥
For you there is no difference between pleasure and pain, you have no craving; no eagerness arises in you for dance and song, and no attachment arises.
12.334.49
न बन्धुष्वनुबन्धस्ते न भयेष्वस्ति ते भयम् ।
पश्यामि त्वां महाभाग तुल्यलोष्टाश्मकाञ्चनम् ॥ १२.३३४.४९ ॥
O greatly fortunate one, you have no attachment to kinsmen and no fear among fears. I see you regarding a clod, a stone and gold as the same.
12.334.50
अहं त्वामनुपश्यामि ये चाप्यन्ते मनीषिणः ।
आस्थितं परमं मार्गमक्षयं तमनामयम् ॥ १२.३३४.५० ॥
I perceive you as I perceive the wise ones at the end; you have taken up that supreme, imperishable, healthful path.
12.334.51
यत्फलं ब्राह्मणस्येह मोक्षार्थश्च यदात्मकः ।
तस्मिन्वै वर्तसे विप्र किमन्यत्परिपृच्छसि ॥ १२.३३४.५१ ॥
The fruit that belongs to a brahmin here, and that which is the self for the sake of liberation — in that very thing you abide, O brahmin; why then do you ask anything else?