Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.337
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12.337.1
एतस्मिन्नन्तरे भूते नारदः पुनरागमत् ।
शुकं स्वाध्यायनिरतं वेदार्थान्प्रष्टुमीप्सवा ॥ १२.३३७.१ ॥
Meanwhile Nārada came again, desiring to ask Śuka, who was intent on Vedic study, about the meanings of the Vedas.
12.337.2
देवर्षि तु शुको दृष्ट्वा नारदं समुपस्यितम् ।
अर्ध्यपूर्वेण विधिवा वेदोक्तेनाभ्यपूजयत् ॥ १२.३३७.२ ॥
Seeing the divine sage Nārada approach, Śuka honored him according to rule, beginning with the offering of water, as the Veda prescribes.
12.337.3
नारदोऽयाजवीत्प्रीतो ब्रूहि ब्रह्मविदां वर ।
केन त्वां श्रेयसा वत्स योजयामीति हृष्टवत् ॥ १२.३३७.३ ॥
Pleased, Nārada said: "Speak, best of those who know Brahman! Dear child, to what good shall I direct you?" So he spoke gladly.
12.337.4
नारदस्य वचः श्रुत्वा शुकः प्रोवाच भारत ।
अस्मिँल्लोके हितं यत्स्वात्तेन मां योक्तुमर्हसि ॥ १२.३३७.४ ॥
Hearing Nārada's words, Śuka said: "O Bhārata, you ought to direct me to whatever is beneficial in this world."
12.337.5
तत्त्वं जिज्ञासतां पूर्वनृषीणां भावितात्मनाम् ।
सनत्कुमारो भगवानिदं वतनमब्रवीत् ॥ १२.३३७.५ ॥
To the ancient sages with purified minds who desired to know the truth, the blessed Sanatkumāra spoke these words.
12.337.6
नास्ति विद्यासगं चक्षुर्नास्ति सत्यसमं तपः ।
नास्ति रागसमं दुःखं नास्ति त्यागसमं सुखम् ॥ १२.३३७.६ ॥
There is no eye equal to knowledge, no austerity equal to truth; there is no suffering equal to passion, no happiness equal to renunciation.
12.337.7
निवृत्तिः कर्मणा पापात्सततं पुण्यशीलता ।
सद्वृत्तिः सद्वदाचारः श्रेय एवदनुत्तमम् ॥ १२.३३७.७ ॥
Turning away from sinful action, constant devotion to merit, good conduct and right behaviour — this is the supreme good.
12.337.8
नानुवयसुखं प्राप्य यः सज्जति न मुच्यते ।
नालं स दुःखमोक्षाय संयोगो दुःखलक्षणम् ॥ १२.३३७.८ ॥
He who, having obtained the pleasures of youth, clings to them is not released; he is not able to be freed from suffering, for union is the mark of suffering.
12.337.9
सक्तस्य बुद्धिश्चलति मोहजालविवर्धनी ।
मोहवालावृतो दुःखमिह चामुत्र सोऽश्नुते ॥ १२.३३७.९ ॥
The intellect of the attached man wavers and grows the net of delusion; wrapped in the net of delusion, he suffers here and in the hereafter.
12.337.10
सर्वोपागात्तु कामस्व क्रोधस्य च विनिग्रहः ।
कार्यः श्रेयोर्थिना तौ हि श्रेयोघातार्थमुद्यतौ ॥ १२.३३७.१० ॥
One who seeks the highest good must in every way restrain desire and anger, for these two are ever ready to destroy the good.
12.337.11
नित्यं क्रोधात्तपो रक्षेच्छ्रियं रक्षेच्च मत्सरात् ।
विद्यां मानावमानाभ्यामात्मानं तु प्रमादतः ॥ १२.३३७.११ ॥
One should always guard austerity from anger, prosperity from envy, learning from honour and dishonour, and oneself from carelessness.
12.337.12
आनृशंस्यं परो धर्मः क्षमा च परमं बलम् ।
आत्मज्ञानं परं ज्ञानं न सत्याद्विद्यते परम् ॥ १२.३३७.१२ ॥
Compassion is the highest dharma and forbearance the supreme strength; knowledge of the self is the supreme knowledge, and nothing is higher than truth.
12.337.13
सत्यस्य वचनं श्रेयः सत्यादपि हितं वदेत् ।
यद्भूतहितमत्यन्तमेतत्सत्यं मतं मम ॥ १२.३३७.१३ ॥
To speak the truth is good, but one should speak what is beneficial even above truth. That which is most beneficial to beings, that I hold to be the truth.
12.337.14
सर्वारम्भपरित्यागी निराशीर्निष्परिग्रहः ।
येन सर्वं परित्यक्तं स विद्वान्स च पण्डितः ॥ १२.३३७.१४ ॥
He who has given up all undertakings, free from desire for their fruit, free from possessions, by whom everything has been relinquished — he is the wise one, and he is the learned one.
12.337.15
इन्द्रियैरिन्द्रियार्थान्यश्चरत्यात्मवशैरिह ।
आसज्जमानः शान्तात्मा निर्विकारः समाहितः ॥ १२.३३७.१५ ॥
He who moves among the objects of the senses with senses that are under his own control, appearing attached yet peaceful of soul, unperturbed and composed.
12.337.16
अत्मभूतैरतद्भूतः सह चैव विनैव च ।
स विमुक्तः परं श्रेयो नचिरेणाधिगच्छति ॥ १२.३३७.१६ ॥
Though he dwells with beings who are his own self, yet is not of their nature, and even apart from them, he, liberated, attains the supreme good without long delay.
12.337.17
अदर्शनमसंस्पर्शस्तथाऽसंभाषणं तदा ।
यस्य भूतैः सह मुने स श्रेयो विन्दते परम् ॥ १२.३३७.१७ ॥
O sage, he who has neither sight, touch nor speech with beings — he attains the supreme good.
12.337.18
न हिंस्यात्सर्वभूतानि मैत्रायगणतश्चरेत् ।
नेदं जन्म समासाद्य वैरं कुर्वीत केनचित् ॥ १२.३३७.१८ ॥
One should not harm any being; one should move about with friendliness. Having obtained this birth, one should not make enmity with anyone.
12.337.19
आकिञ्चन्यं सुसंतोषो निराशीस्त्वमचापलम् ।
एतदाहुः परं श्रेय आत्मज्ञस्य जितात्मनः ॥ १२.३३७.१९ ॥
Having nothing, great contentment, freedom from desire for reward, and steadiness without restlessness — these, they say, are the supreme good for one who knows the self and has conquered the self.
12.337.20
परिग्रहं परित्यज्य भव तात जितेन्द्रियः ।
अशोकं स्थानमातिष्ठ इह चामुत्र चाभयम् ॥ १२.३३७.२० ॥
Dear son, give up possessions and be one who has conquered the senses. Abide in the state free from sorrow, which is fearless both here and in the hereafter.
12.337.21
निरामिषा न शोचन्ति त्यजेदामिषमात्मनः ।
परित्यज्यामिषं सौभ्य दुःखतापाद्विमोक्ष्यसे ॥ १२.३३७.२१ ॥
Those free from bait do not grieve. Abandon the bait within yourself; gentle one, having abandoned the bait, you will be freed from the heat of suffering.
12.337.22
तपोनित्येन दान्तेन मुनिना संयतात्मना ।
अजितं जेतुकामेन भाव्यं सङ्गेष्वसङ्गिना ॥ १२.३३७.२२ ॥
A sage constant in austerity, tamed, with self restrained, who desires to conquer the unconquered, should remain unattached among attachments.
12.337.23
गुणसङ्गेष्वनासक्त एकचर्यारतः सदा ।
ब्राह्मणो नचिरादेव सुखमायात्यनुत्तमम् ॥ १२.३३७.२३ ॥
The brahmin who is unattached to the attachments of the qualities, always delighting in solitary practice, soon attains the supreme happiness.
12.337.24
द्वन्द्वारामेषु भूतेषु य एको रमते मुनिः ।
विद्धि प्रज्ञानतृप्तं तं ज्ञानतृप्तो न शोचति ॥ १२.३३७.२४ ॥
Among beings who delight in pairs of opposites, the sage who alone delights — know him to be satisfied with wisdom; one satisfied with knowledge does not grieve.
12.337.25
शुभैर्लभति देवत्वं व्यामिश्रेर्जन्म मानुषम् ।
अशुभैश्चाप्यधोजन्म कर्मभिर्लभतेऽवशः ॥ १२.३३७.२५ ॥
By good deeds one attains divinity; by mixed deeds, a human birth; and by evil deeds, helpless, a lower birth.
12.337.26
तत्र मृत्युवशो दुःखैः सततं समभिद्रुतः ।
संसारे पच्यते जन्तुस्तत्कथं नावबुध्यसे ॥ १२.३३७.२६ ॥
There, subject to death and constantly assailed by sorrows, the creature is cooked in saṃsāra. How is it that you do not understand this?
12.337.27
अहिते हितसंज्ञस्त्वमध्रुवे ध्रुवसंज्ञकः ।
अनर्थे चार्थसंज्ञस्त्वं किमर्थं नावबुध्यसे ॥ १२.३३७.२७ ॥
You take what is harmful for good, what is impermanent for permanent, and what is worthless for valuable. For what reason do you not understand?
12.337.28
संवेष्ट्यमानं बहुभिर्मोहात्तन्तुभिरात्मजैः ।
कोशकार इवात्मानं वेष्टयन्नावबुध्यसे ॥ १२.३३७.२८ ॥
Wrapped about by many threads of your children through delusion, you do not understand that, like the silkworm that spins its cocoon, you are wrapping yourself.
12.337.29
अलं परिग्रहेणेह दोषवान्हि परिग्रहः ।
कृमिर्हि कोशकारस्तु बध्यते स परिग्रहात् ॥ १२.३३७.२९ ॥
Enough of possession here; possession is full of fault. The silkworm is bound by just that possession.
12.337.30
पुत्रदारकुटुम्बेषु सक्ताः सीदन्ति जन्तवः ।
सरःपङ्कार्णवे मग्ना जीर्णा वनगजा इव ॥ १२.३३७.३० ॥
Creatures attached to sons, wives and family sink, like old forest elephants immersed in the sea of mire of a lake.
12.337.31
महाजालसमाकृष्टान्स्थले मत्स्यानिवोद्धृतान् ।
मोहजालसमाकृष्टान्पश्य जन्तून्सुदुःखितान् ॥ १२.३३७.३१ ॥
Look at the creatures, dragged by the net of delusion, very miserable, like fish lifted out of the water and pulled onto dry land by a great net.
12.337.32
कुटुम्बं पुत्रदारांश्च शरीरं संचयाश्च ये ।
पारक्यमध्रुवं सर्वं किं स्वं सुकृतदुष्कृतम् ॥ १२.३३७.३२ ॥
Family, sons and wives, the body, and whatever has been accumulated—all of it belongs to another and is impermanent. What is truly one's own, except good and bad deeds?
12.337.33
यदा सर्वान्परित्यज्य गन्तव्यमवशेन ते ।
अनर्थे किं प्रसक्तस्त्वं समर्थं नानुतिष्ठसि ॥ १२.३३७.३३ ॥
When you must leave them all behind against your will, why are you attached to what is worthless? Why do you not practise what you are able to do?
12.337.34
अविश्रान्तमनालम्बमपाथेयमदैशिकम् ।
तमः कान्तारमध्वानं कथमेको गमिष्यसि ॥ १२.३३७.३४ ॥
Without rest, without support, without provisions, without a guide, how will you go alone along that dark and trackless forest road?
12.337.35
न हि त्वां प्रस्थितं कश्चित्पृष्ठतोऽनुगमिष्यति ।
सुकृतं दुष्कृतं च त्वां यास्यन्तमनुयास्यतः ॥ १२.३३७.३५ ॥
No one will follow behind you when you set out; only your good and bad deeds will follow you as you go.
12.337.36
विद्या कर्म च शौचं च ज्ञानं च बहुविस्तरम् ।
अर्थार्थमनुसार्यन्ते सिद्धार्थस्य विमुच्यते ॥ १२.३३७.३६ ॥
Learning, action, purity, and vast knowledge are all pursued for the sake of some aim; one whose aim is accomplished is freed.
12.337.37
निबन्धनी रज्जुरेषा या ग्रामे वसतो रतिः ।
छित्त्वैतां सुकृतो यान्ति नैनां छिन्दन्ति दुष्कृतः ॥ १२.३३७.३७ ॥
This rope that binds is the delight of one who dwells in the village. Having cut this, the righteous go; the wicked cannot cut it.
12.337.38
रूपकूलां मनःस्रोतां स्पर्शद्वीपां रसावहाम् ।
गन्धपङ्कां शब्दजलां स्वर्गमार्गदुरावहाम् ॥ १२.३३७.३८ ॥
Whose banks are form, whose current is the mind, whose islands are touch, which carries flavour, whose mud is smell, whose water is sound, and which is hard to cross on the path to heaven.
12.337.39
क्षमारित्रां सत्यमयीं धर्मस्थैर्यपदाङ्कुराम् ।
त्यागवाताध्वगां शीघ्रां नौतार्यां तां नदीं तरेत् ॥ १२.३३७.३९ ॥
That river, whose boat is patience, which is made of truth, whose feet are the sprouts of steadfast dharma, moved along its course by the wind of renunciation, swift, to be crossed by boat — one should cross it.
12.337.40
त्यज धर्ममधर्मं च उभे सत्यानृते त्यज ।
उभे सत्यानृते त्यक्त्वा येन त्यजसि तं त्यज ॥ १२.३३७.४० ॥
Abandon dharma and adharma; abandon both truth and untruth. Having abandoned both truth and untruth, abandon also that by which you abandon them.
12.337.41
त्यज धर्ममसंकल्पादधर्मं चाप्यलिप्सया ।
उभे सत्यानृते बुद्ध्या बुद्धिं परमनिश्चयात् ॥ १२.३३७.४१ ॥
Through the absence of desire, abandon dharma; through non-craving, abandon adharma as well. By wisdom abandon both truth and untruth; through supreme certainty abandon even wisdom itself.
12.337.42
अस्थिस्थूणं स्नायुयुतं मांसशोणितलेपनम् ।
चर्मावनद्धं दुर्गन्धिं पूर्णं मूत्रपुरीषयोः ॥ १२.३३७.४२ ॥
Pillared with bones, joined with sinews, plastered with flesh and blood, bound with skin, foul-smelling, filled with urine and faeces.
12.337.43
जराशोकसमाविष्टं रोगायतनमातुरम् ।
रजस्वलमनित्यं च भूतावासमिमं त्यज ॥ १२.३३७.४३ ॥
Overcome by old age and grief, this dwelling of the elements is a house of disease, afflicted, defiled and impermanent; abandon it.
12.337.44
इदं विश्वं जगत्सर्वमजगच्चापि यद्भवेत् ।
महाभूतात्मकं सर्वं महद्यत्परमाणु च ॥ १२.३३७.४४ ॥
This whole universe, all the moving world, and whatever is unmoving, all of it is made of the great elements, the vast and the atom alike.
12.337.45
महाभूतानि खं वायुरग्निरापस्तथा मही ।
षष्ठं तु चेतना या तु आत्मा सप्तममुच्यते।
अष्टमं तु मनो ज्ञेयं बुद्धिस्तु नवमी स्मृता ॥ १२.३३७.४५ ॥
The great elements are space, air, fire, water and earth; the sixth is consciousness, and the seventh is called the self. The eighth should be known as mind, and the ninth is taught as intellect.
12.337.46
इन्द्रियाणि च पञ्चैव तमः सत्वं रजस्तथा ।
इत्येष सप्तदशको राशिरव्यक्तसंज्ञकः ॥ १२.३३७.४६ ॥
And the five senses, along with darkness, goodness and passion; this seventeen-fold aggregate is called the unmanifest.
12.337.47
सर्वैरिहेन्द्रियार्थैश्च व्यक्ताव्यक्तैर्हि संहितः ।
चतुर्विशक इत्येष व्यक्ताव्यक्तमयो गणः ॥ १२.३३७.४७ ॥
Joined with all the sense-objects here, and with the manifest and the unmanifest, this is the twenty-four-fold aggregate; this group made of the manifest and unmanifest.
12.337.48
एतैः सर्वैः समायुक्तः पुमानित्यभिधीयते ।
त्रिवर्गं तु सुखं दुःखं जीवितं मरणं तथा ॥ १२.३३७.४८ ॥
Joined with all of these, a person is so called; and the threefold aims, pleasure and pain, life and death as well.
12.337.49
य इदं वेद तत्त्वेन स वेद प्रभवाप्ययौ ।
पारम्पर्येह बोद्धव्यं ज्ञानानां यच्च किंचन ॥ १२.३३७.४९ ॥
He who knows this in truth knows the origin and the dissolution. Here, whatever knowledge is to be understood must be understood through succession of teaching.
12.337.50
इन्द्रियैर्गृह्यते यद्यत्तत्तद्व्यक्तमिति स्थितिः ।
अव्यक्तमिति विज्ञेयं लिङ्गग्राह्यमतीन्द्रियम् ॥ १२.३३७.५० ॥
What is grasped by the senses is manifest; such is the established view. The unmanifest must be known as that which is grasped by inference and is beyond the senses.
12.337.51
इन्द्रियैर्नियतैर्देही धाराभिरिव तर्प्यते ।
लोके विततमात्मानं लोकांश्चात्मनि पश्यति ॥ १२.३३७.५१ ॥
With his senses well restrained, the embodied one is satisfied as if by streams. He sees the self pervading the world, and the worlds within the self.
12.337.52
परावरदृशः शक्तिर्ज्ञानमूला न नश्यति ।
पश्यतः सर्वभूतानि सर्वावस्थासु सर्वदा ॥ १२.३३७.५२ ॥
The power of one who sees the higher and the lower, rooted in knowledge, does not perish — for one who always, in every state, sees all beings.
12.337.53
ब्रह्मभूतस्य संयोगो नाशुभेनोपपद्यते ।
ज्ञानेन विविधान्क्लेशानतिवृत्तस्य मोहजान् ॥ १२.३३७.५३ ॥
For one who has become Brahman there is no union with the inauspicious; by knowledge, one who has passed beyond the various afflictions born of delusion (is so).
12.337.54
लोके बुद्धिप्रकाशेन लोकमार्गो न रिष्यते ।
अनादिनिधनज्ञं तमात्मनि स्थितमव्ययम् ॥ १२.३३७.५४ ॥
In the world, by the light of the intellect, the path of the world is not harmed — by knowing him who is the knower without beginning or end, abiding imperishable in the self.
12.337.55
अकर्तारममूर्तं च भगवानाह तीर्थवित् ।
यो जन्तुः स्वकृतैस्तैस्तैः कर्मभिर्नित्यदुःखितः ॥ १२.३३७.५५ ॥
The blessed lord who knows the sacred crossing declared him a non-doer and formless. The living being who, through his own deeds and those actions after actions, is constantly afflicted.
12.337.56
स दुःखप्रतिघातार्थं हन्ति जन्तूननेकधा ।
ततः कर्म समादत्ते पुनरन्यन्नवं बहु ॥ १२.३३७.५६ ॥
To ward off suffering, he strikes living beings in many ways. Then he takes up again another new and abundant action.
12.337.57
तप्यतेऽथ पुनस्तेन भुक्त्वा पथ्यमिवातुरः ।
अजस्रमेव मोहान्धो दुःखेषु सुखसंज्ञितः ॥ १२.३३७.५७ ॥
Then, by that very thing, he suffers again, like a sick man who eats wholesome food. Blinded by delusion, he regards sorrows as happiness, unceasingly.
12.337.58
बध्यते मथ्यते चैव कर्मभिर्मन्थवत्सदा ।
ततो निबद्धः स्वां योनिं कर्मणामुदयादिह ॥ १२.३३७.५८ ॥
By actions he is always bound and churned, like a churning-stick. Then, bound, by the rising of his actions, he obtains here his own womb of birth.
12.337.59
परिभ्रमति संसारं चक्रवद्बहुवेदनः ।
सत्वं निर्वृत्तबन्धस्तु निवृत्तश्चापि कर्मतः ॥ १२.३३७.५९ ॥
Like a wheel, with much suffering, he wanders through saṃsāra. But the being whose bonds are loosened and who has turned away from action (is free).
12.337.60
सर्ववित्सर्वजित्सिद्धौ भव भावविवर्जितः ।
संयमेन नवं बन्धं निवर्त्य तपसो बलात्।
संप्राप्ता बहवः सिद्धिमप्यबाधां सुखोदयाम् ॥ १२.३३७.६० ॥
Become all-knowing and all-conquering, free from becoming, in perfection. Having turned back the new bond by self-restraint, by the power of asceticism, many have attained perfection, unobstructed and arising in happiness.