Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.34
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12.34.1
तपसा कर्मणा चैव प्रदानेन च भारत ।
पुनाति पापं पुरुषः पूतश्चेन्न प्रवर्तते ॥ १२.३४.१ ॥
O Bhārata, by austerity, by action, and by giving, a man purifies sin; if, once purified, he does not return to it.
12.34.2
एककालं तु भुञ्जानश्चरन्भैक्षं स्वकर्मकृत् ।
कपालपाणिः खट्वाङ्गी ब्रह्मचारी सदोत्थितः ॥ १२.३४.२ ॥
Eating only once a day, wandering for alms, doing his own duty, holding a skull in his hand, bearing a skull-staff, a celibate student always standing alert.
12.34.3
अनसूयुरधः शायी कर्म लोके प्रकाशयन् ।
पूर्णैर्द्वादशभिर्वर्षैर्ब्रह्महा विप्रमुच्यते ॥ १२.३४.३ ॥
Free from envy, sleeping on the ground, making his deed known in the world, after full twelve years the slayer of a brahmin is released.
12.34.4
लक्ष्यः शस्त्रभृतां वा स्याद्विदुषामिच्छयाऽऽत्मनः ।
प्रास्येदात्मानमग्नौ वा समिद्धे त्रिरवाक्शिराः ॥ १२.३४.४ ॥
Let him become the target of those who bear weapons, or, at the wish of the learned, offer himself; or let him cast himself three times, head downward, into a blazing fire.
12.34.5
जपन्वाऽन्यतमं वेदं योजनानां शतं व्रजेत् ।
सर्वस्वं वा वेदविदे ब्राह्मणायोपपादयेत् ॥ १२.३४.५ ॥
Reciting any one Veda, let him walk a hundred yojanas; or let him bestow all his wealth on a brahmin who knows the Veda.
12.34.6
धनं वा जीवनायालं गृहं वा सपरिच्छदम् ।
मुच्यते ब्रह्महत्याया गोप्ता गोब्राह्मणस्य च ॥ १२.३४.६ ॥
Let him give wealth sufficient for his livelihood, or a house with its furnishings; the protector of cows and brahmins is released from the killing of a brahmin.
12.34.7
षङ्गिर्वर्षैः कृच्छ्रभोजी ब्रह्महा पूयते नरः ।
मासेमासे समश्नंस्तु त्रिभिर्वर्षैः प्रमुच्यते ॥ १२.३४.७ ॥
A man who slays a Brahmin is purified after six years of eating kṛcchra-penance food; but if he eats month by month, he is released in three years.
12.34.8
संवत्सरेण मासाशी पूयते नात्र संशयः ।
तथैवोपवसन्राजन्स्वल्पेनापि प्रपूयते ॥ १२.३४.८ ॥
One who eats only once a month for a year is purified, there is no doubt; likewise, O king, one who fasts is fully purified even by a little.
12.34.9
क्रतुना चाश्वमेधेन पूयते नात्र संशयः ।
ये चाप्यवभृथस्नाताः केचिदेवंविधा नराः।
ते सर्वे धूतपाप्मानो भवन्तीति परा श्रुतिः ॥ १२.३४.९ ॥
He is purified by a sacrifice, indeed by the horse sacrifice, there is no doubt; and those who have bathed in the final ablution, and certain men of such kind, all become free from sin—so the highest revealed teaching declares.
12.34.10
ब्राह्मणार्थे हतो युद्धे मुच्यते ब्रह्महत्यया ॥ १२.३४.१० ॥
One slain in battle for the sake of Brahmins is released from the sin of killing a Brahmin.
12.34.11
गवां शतसहस्रं तु पात्रेभ्यः प्रतिपादयेत् ।
ब्रह्महा विप्रमुच्येत सर्वपापेभ्य एव च ॥ १२.३४.११ ॥
A hundred thousand cows should be given to worthy recipients; the slayer of a Brahmin, by giving to a Brahmin, is freed from all sins.
12.34.12
कपिलानां सहस्राणि यो दद्यात्पञ्चविंशतिम् ।
दोग्ध्रीणां स च पापेभ्यः सर्वेभ्यो विप्रमुच्यते ॥ १२.३४.१२ ॥
He who gives twenty-five thousand milch cows out of thousands of brown cows is freed from all sins.
12.34.13
गोसहस्रं सवत्सानां दोग्ध्रीणां प्राणसंशये ।
साधुभ्यो वै दरिद्रेभ्यो दत्त्वा मुच्येत किल्विषात् ॥ १२.३४.१३ ॥
He who, in a matter of life and death, gives a thousand milch-cows with their calves to virtuous poor men is freed from sin.
12.34.14
शतं वै यस्तु काम्भोजान्ब्राह्मणेभ्यः प्रयच्छति ।
नियतेभ्यो महीपाल स च पापात्प्रमुच्यते ॥ १२.३४.१४ ॥
O protector of the earth, he who gives a hundred Kāmboja horses to self-restrained brahmins is completely freed from sin.
12.34.15
मनोरथं तु यो दद्यादेकस्मा अपि भारत ।
न कीर्तयेत दत्त्वा यः स च पापात्प्रमुच्यते ॥ १२.३४.१५ ॥
O descendant of Bharata, he who gives even one person the thing he desires, and does not boast of having given it, is freed from sin.
12.34.16
सुरापानं सकृत्कृत्वा योऽग्निवर्णां सुरां पिबेत् ।
स पावयत्यथात्मानमिह लोके परत्र च ॥ १२.३४.१६ ॥
He who, having once drunk liquor, drinks fire-coloured liquor, purifies himself both in this world and in the next.
12.34.17
मरुप्रपातं प्रपतञ्ज्वलनं वा समाविशन् ।
महाप्रस्थानमातिष्ठन्मुच्यते सर्वकिल्बिषैः ॥ १२.३४.१७ ॥
Falling into a desert, or entering a blazing fire, or undertaking the great departure, a man is freed from all sins.
12.34.18
बृहस्पतिसवेनेष्ट्वा सुरापो ब्राह्मणः पुनः ।
समितिं ब्राह्मणो गच्छेदिति वै ब्रह्मणः श्रुतिः ॥ १२.३४.१८ ॥
Having performed the Bṛhaspati sacrifice, a brahmin who drank liquor may again go to the assembly of brahmins — so says the revealed word of Brahmā.
12.34.19
भूमिप्रदानं कुर्याद्यः सुरां पीत्वा विमत्सरः ।
पुनर्न च पिबेद्राजन्संस्कृतः स च शुध्यति ॥ १२.३४.१९ ॥
He who, free from envy, gives a gift of land after drinking liquor, and, O king, does not drink again, is purified by the rites.
12.34.20
गुरुतल्पी शिलां तप्तामायसीमभिसंविशेत् ।
अवकृत्यात्मनः शेफं प्रव्रजेदूर्ध्वदर्शनः ॥ १२.३४.२० ॥
One who has defiled a guru's bed should lie upon a heated iron slab, cut off his own organ, and set out with his gaze turned upward.
12.34.21
शरीरस्य विमोक्षेण मुच्यते कर्मणोऽशुभात् ।
कर्मभ्यो विप्रमुच्यन्ते यताः संवत्सरं स्त्रियः ॥ १२.३४.२१ ॥
By the release of the body a man is freed from inauspicious action; women who are restrained are fully freed from actions in a year.
12.34.22
महाव्रतं चरेद्यस्तु दद्यात्सर्वस्वमेव तु ।
गुर्वर्थे वा हतो युद्धे स मुच्येत्कर्मणोऽशुभात् ॥ १२.३४.२२ ॥
He who performs the great vow and gives away all his wealth, or who is slain in battle for the sake of his teacher, is freed from inauspicious action.
12.34.23
अनृतेनोपवर्ती चेत्प्रतिरोद्धा गुरोस्तथा ।
उपाहृत्य प्रियं तस्मै तस्मात्पापात्प्रमुच्यते ॥ १२.३४.२३ ॥
If one has led another astray by falsehood or obstructed a teacher, by bringing a pleasing thing to that person, he is freed from that sin.
12.34.24
अवकीर्णनिमित्तं तु ब्रह्महत्याव्रतं चरेत् ।
गोचर्मवासाः षण्मासांस्तथा मुच्येत किल्बिषात् ॥ १२.३४.२४ ॥
For the cause of being defiled, one should perform the vow for brahmin-slaying; clad in a cowhide for six months, he is freed from sin.
12.34.25
परदारोपसेवी तु परस्यापहरन्वसु ।
संवत्सरं व्रती भूत्वा तथा मुच्येत किल्बिषात् ॥ १२.३४.२५ ॥
He who consorts with another's wife, and who steals another's wealth, becomes a vow-keeper for a year and in that same way is freed from sin.
12.34.26
धनं तु यस्यापहरेत्तस्मै दद्यात्समं वसु ।
विविधेनाभ्युपायेन तदा मुच्येत किल्बिषात् ॥ १२.३४.२६ ॥
He should give back an equal amount of wealth to the one whose goods he stole; by doing so through various means, he is then freed from sin.
12.34.27
कृच्छ्राद्द्वादशरात्रेण संयतात्मा व्रते स्थितः ।
परिवेत्ता भवेत्पूतः परिवित्तिस्तथैव च ॥ १२.३४.२७ ॥
By the kṛcchra penance, over twelve nights, with self restrained and steadfast in the vow, the one who marries before his elder brother becomes pure, and so too the elder brother who is married after the younger.
12.34.28
निवेश्यं तु पुनस्तेन भवेत्तारयता पितॄन् ।
न तु स्त्रिया भवेद्दोषो न तु सा तेन लिप्यते ॥ १२.३४.२८ ॥
That man, who delivers his ancestors, should take her back into the household again; no fault attaches to the woman, and she is not stained by that.
12.34.29
भोजनं ह्यन्तराशुद्धं चातुर्मास्ये विधीयते ।
स्त्रियस्तेन प्रशुध्यन्ति इति धर्मविदो विदुः ॥ १२.३४.२९ ॥
A food that is impure in between is prescribed during the four-month season; by it women are purified, as those who know dharma understand.
12.34.30
स्त्रियस्त्वाशङ्किताः पापे नोपगम्या विजानता ।
रजसा ता विशुध्यन्ते भस्मना भाजनं यथा ॥ १२.३४.३० ॥
But women suspected of sin should not be approached by one who knows; they are purified by menstruation, as a vessel is purified by ash.
12.34.31
पादजोच्छिष्टकांस्यं यद्गवा घ्रातमथापि वा ।
गण्डूषोच्छिष्टमपि वा विशुध्येद्दशभिस्तु तत् ॥ १२.३४.३१ ॥
A bronze vessel touched by a foot, smelled by a cow, or defiled by the leftovers of a mouthful of spittle is purified by ten measures.
12.34.32
चतुष्पात्सकलो धर्मो ब्राह्मणस्य विधीयते ।
पादोन इष्टो राजन्ये तथा धर्मो विधीयते ॥ १२.३४.३२ ॥
For a brahmin the complete four-footed dharma is prescribed; for a kṣatriya the dharma with a quarter less is held to be prescribed, O king, and so on.
12.34.33
तथा वैश्ये च शूद्रे च पादः पादो विधीयते ।
विद्यादेवंविधनैषां गुरुलाघवनिश्चयम् ॥ १२.३४.३३ ॥
Likewise, for a vaiśya and for a śūdra a quarter is prescribed for each; one should know this determination of the heavier and the lighter for them.
12.34.34
तिर्यग्योनिवधं कृत्वा द्रुमांश्छित्वोत्तरान्बहून् ।
त्रिरात्रं वायुभक्षः स्यात्कर्म च प्रथयन्नरः ॥ १२.३४.३४ ॥
Having killed an animal and cut down many trees to the north, a man should live on air alone for three nights, proclaiming his deed.
12.34.35
अगम्यागमने राजन्प्रायश्चित्तं विधीयते ।
आर्द्रवस्त्रेण षण्मासान्विभाव्यं भस्मशायिना ॥ १२.३४.३५ ॥
For union with a forbidden partner, O king, an expiation is prescribed: in a wet garment, lying on ashes, one should remain for six months.
12.34.36
एवमेव तु सर्वेषामकार्याणां विधिर्भवेत् ।
ब्रह्मणोक्तेन विधिना दृष्टान्तागमहेतुभिः ॥ १२.३४.३६ ॥
In the same way there would be a rule for all improper acts, by the rule declared by Brahmā, with reasons drawn from examples and from the scriptures.
12.34.37
सावित्रीमप्यधीयानः शुचौ देशे मिताशनः ।
अहिंसो मन्दकं जल्पान्मुच्यते सर्वकिल्बिषात् ॥ १२.३४.३७ ॥
One who recites the Sāvitrī in a pure place, eating moderately and without violence, and who speaks little, is freed from all sins.
12.34.38
अहः सु सततं तिष्ठेदभ्याकाशं निशाः स्वपन् ।
त्रिरह्नि त्रिर्निशायां च सवासा जलमाविशेत् ॥ १२.३४.३८ ॥
By day he should constantly stand under the open sky, and at night sleep under the open sky; thrice by day and thrice by night he should enter the water, clothed.
12.34.39
स्त्रीशूद्रपतितांश्चापि नाभिभाषेद्ब्रतान्वितः ।
पापान्यज्ञानतः कृत्वा मुच्येदेवंव्रतो द्विजः ॥ १२.३४.३९ ॥
The twice-born man who keeps the vow should not speak even to women, śūdras, or fallen men; having committed sins through ignorance, he is freed by keeping such a vow.
12.34.40
शुभाशुभफलं प्रेत्य लभते भूतसाक्षिकम् ।
अतिरिच्येत्तयोर्यस्तु तत्कर्ता लभते फलम् ॥ १२.३४.४० ॥
After death one obtains the fruit of good and bad deeds, witnessed by the beings; the doer of whichever of the two predominates obtains its fruit.
12.34.41
तस्माद्दानेन तपसा कर्मणा च फलं शुभम् ।
वर्धयेदशुभं कृत्वा यथा स्यादतिरेकवान् ॥ १२.३४.४१ ॥
Therefore one should increase the good fruit by gifts, austerity and action; even after doing evil, one should act so that the good becomes greater.
12.34.42
कुर्याच्छुभानि कर्माणि निमित्ते पापकर्मणाम् ।
दद्यान्नित्यं च वित्तानि तथा मुच्येत किल्बिषात् ॥ १२.३४.४२ ॥
One should perform good deeds on account of those who commit evil, and constantly give wealth; thus one is freed from sin.
12.34.43
अनुरूपं हि पापस्य प्रायश्चित्तमुदाहृतम् ।
महापातकवर्जं तु प्रायश्चित्तं विधीयते ॥ १२.३४.४३ ॥
Atonement fitting to the sin has indeed been declared; apart from the great offences, expiation is prescribed.
12.34.44
भक्ष्याभक्ष्येषु चान्येषु वाच्यावाच्ये तथैव च ।
अज्ञानज्ञानयो राजन्विहितान्यनुजानतः ॥ १२.३४.४४ ॥
O king, for one who knowingly or unknowingly acts upon what is prescribed concerning foods (fit and unfit), other matters, and what may or may not be spoken.
12.34.45
जानता तु कृतं पापं गुरु सर्वं भवत्युत ।
अज्ञानात्स्खलिते दोषे प्रायश्चित्तं विधीयते ॥ १२.३४.४५ ॥
A sin committed knowingly becomes wholly grave; for a fault that slips out through ignorance, expiation is prescribed.
12.34.46
शक्यते विधिना पापं यथोक्तेन व्यपोहितुम् ।
आस्तिके श्रद्दधाने च विधिरेष विधीयते ॥ १२.३४.४६ ॥
Sin can be wiped away by the rite described above; this rite is prescribed for the believer who has faith.
12.34.47
नास्तिकाश्रद्दधानेषु पुरुषेषु कदाचन ।
दम्भद्वेषप्रधानेषु विधिरेष न शिष्यते ॥ १२.३४.४७ ॥
For men who are unbelieving and faithless, in whom hypocrisy and hatred predominate, this rite is never left as a remedy.
12.34.48
शिष्टाचारश्च दिष्टश्च धर्मो धर्मभूतां वर ।
सेवितव्यो नरव्याघ्र प्रेत्येह च हितेप्सुना ॥ १२.३४.४८ ॥
Best of the righteous, tiger among men: the conduct of the good and the dharma enjoined by scripture should be followed by one who seeks welfare both here and hereafter.
12.34.49
स राजन्मोक्ष्यते पापात्तेन पूर्णेन हेतुना ।
त्राणार्थं वा वधे तेषामथवा नृपकर्मणा ॥ १२.३४.४९ ॥
O king, he will be freed from sin by that complete cause—for the protection of them, or in their slaying, or by the duty of a king.
12.34.50
अथवा ते घृणा काचित्प्रायश्चित्तं चरिष्यसि ।
मा चैवानार्यजुष्टेन मृत्युना निधनं गमः ॥ १२.३४.५० ॥
Or if you feel some compassion, you will perform expiation; and do not go to destruction by a death practised by the ignoble.
12.34.51
एवमुक्तो भगवता धर्मराजो युधिष्ठिरः ।
चिन्तयित्वा मुहूर्तेन प्रत्युवाच तपोधनम् ॥ १२.३४.५१ ॥
Thus addressed by the venerable one, Yudhiṣṭhira, king of dharma, having pondered for a moment, replied to the one whose wealth is asceticism.