Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.350
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12.350.1
अस्तौषीद्वैदिकैर्व्यासः सशिष्यो मधुसूदनम् ।
नामभिर्विविधैरेषां निरुक्तं भगवन्मम ॥ १२.३५०.१ ॥
With Vedic hymns, Vyāsa together with his disciples praised Madhusūdana. O blessed one, explain to me the etymology of these various names.
12.350.2
वक्तुमर्हसि शुश्रूषोः प्रजापतिपतेर्हरः ।
श्रुत्वा भवेयं यत्पूतः शरच्चन्द्र इवामलः ॥ १२.३५०.२ ॥
O Hari, lord of the lords of creatures, you should speak to me, who desire to hear, so that, having heard it, I may become pure and spotless like the autumn moon.
12.350.3
शृणु राजन्यथाचष्ट फल्गुनस्य हरिः प्रभुः ।
प्रसन्नात्मात्मनो नाम्नां निरुक्तं गुणकर्मजम् ॥ १२.३५०.३ ॥
Listen, O king, as the lord Hari, with a gracious mind, explained to Phalguna (Arjuna) the etymology of his own names, arising from his qualities and deeds.
12.350.4
नामभिः कीर्तितैस्तस्य केशवस्य महात्मनः ।
पृष्टवान्केशवं राजन्फगुनः परवीरहा ॥ १२.३५०.४ ॥
O king, Phalguna, slayer of enemy heroes, asked Keśava about the names of the great-souled Keśava that had been praised.
12.350.5
भगवन्भूतभव्येश सर्वभूतसृगव्यय ।
लोकधाम जगन्नाथ लोकानामभयप्रद ॥ १२.३५०.५ ॥
O blessed one, lord of what is and what shall be, creator of all beings, imperishable, abode of the worlds, lord of the universe, giver of fearlessness to the worlds!
12.350.6
यानि नामानि ते देव कीर्तितानि महर्षिभिः ।
वेदेषु सपुराणेषु यानि गुह्यानि कर्मभिः ॥ १२.३५०.६ ॥
O god, those names of yours which were praised by the great sages in the Vedas and the Purāṇas, and which are secret through your deeds.
12.350.7
तेषां निरुक्तं त्वत्तोऽहं श्रोतुमिच्छामि केशव ।
न ह्यन्यो वर्णयेन्नाम्नां निरुक्तं त्वामृते प्रभो ॥ १२.३५०.७ ॥
I wish to hear the etymological explanation of those from you, O Keśava. O lord, no one other than you could describe the etymology of these names.
12.350.8
ऋग्वेदे सयजुर्वेदे तथैवाथर्वसामसु ।
पुराणे सोपनिषदे तथैव ज्योतिषेऽर्जुन ॥ १२.३५०.८ ॥
In the Ṛg Veda, together with the Yajur Veda; likewise in the Atharva and Sāma Vedas; in the Purāṇas together with the Upaniṣads; likewise in astronomy, O Arjuna.
12.350.9
साङ्ख्ये च योगशास्त्रे च आयुर्वेदे तथैव च ।
बहूनि मम नामानि कीर्तितानि महर्षिभिः ॥ १२.३५०.९ ॥
In Sāṅkhya and the Yoga treatise, and likewise in Āyurveda, my many names have been declared by the great seers.
12.350.10
गौणानि तत्र नामानि कर्मजानि च कानिचित् ।
निरुक्तं कर्मजानां त्वं शृणुष्व प्रयतोऽनघ ॥ १२.३५०.१० ॥
Among these, some names are derived from qualities and some arise from deeds. Listen attentively, O sinless one, to the etymology of the names arising from deeds.
12.350.11
कथ्यमानं मया तात त्वं हि मेऽर्धं स्मृतः पुरा ।
नमोऽतियशमे तस्मै देवानां परमात्मने ॥ १२.३५०.११ ॥
As I speak these, dear one, you were formerly remembered as my half. Homage to him of surpassing glory, the supreme soul of the gods.
12.350.12
नारायणाय विश्वाय निर्गुणाय गुणात्मने ।
यस्य प्रसादजो ब्रह्मा रुद्रस्य क्रोधसंभवः ॥ १२.३५०.१२ ॥
Homage to Nārāyaṇa, the universe, the attributeless one, the soul of the qualities; by whose grace Brahmā was born, and from whose wrath Rudra arose.
12.350.13
योसौ योनिर्हि सर्वस्य स्थावरस्य चरस्य च ।
अष्टादशगुणं यत्तत्सत्वं सत्ववतांवर ॥ १२.३५०.१३ ॥
He is the womb of all, of the immovable and of the movable; and he is that sattva of eighteen qualities, the best of the sattvic.
12.350.14
प्रकृतिः सा परा मह्यं रोदसी लोकधारिणी ।
ऋता सत्याऽमरा जय्या लोकानामात्मसंज्ञिता ॥ १२.३५०.१४ ॥
That supreme nature is mine; it is the heaven and earth that uphold the worlds. It is called ṛta, truth, immortal, the invincible, and the self of the worlds.
12.350.15
तस्मात्सर्वाः प्रवर्तन्ते सर्गप्रलयविक्रियाः ।
तपो यज्ञश्च यष्टा च पुराणः पुरुषो विराट् ॥ १२.३५०.१५ ॥
Therefore all the transformations of creation and dissolution arise: austerity, sacrifice, the sacrificer, and the ancient Person, the Virāṭ.
12.350.16
अनिरुद्ध इति प्रोक्तो लोकानां प्रभवाप्ययः ।
ब्राह्मे रात्रिक्षये प्राप्ते तस्य ह्यमिततेजसः ॥ १२.३५०.१६ ॥
He is called Aniruddha, the origin and end of the worlds. When the night of Brahmā comes to its end, of him of immeasurable splendor —
12.350.17
प्रसादात्प्रादुरभवत्पद्ममर्कनिभं क्षणात् ।
तत्र ब्रह्मा समभवत्स तस्यैव प्रसादजः ॥ १२.३५०.१७ ॥
By his grace there arose in an instant a lotus like the sun; in it came to be Brahmā, born of his grace alone.
12.350.18
अह्नः क्षये ललाटाच्च सुतो देवस्य वै तथा ।
क्रोधाविष्टस्य संजज्ञे रुद्रः संहारकारकः ॥ १२.३५०.१८ ॥
At the end of the day, a son was also born from the god's forehead; from him, filled with wrath, was born Rudra, the agent of destruction.
12.350.19
एतौ द्वौ विबुधश्रेष्ठौ प्रसादक्रोधजावुभौ ।
तदादर्शितपन्थानौ सृष्टिसंहारकारकौ ॥ १२.३५०.१९ ॥
These two, best of gods, born of grace and of wrath, are the agents of creation and destruction, having shown that path.
12.350.20
निमित्तमात्रं तावत्र सर्वप्राणिवरप्रदौ ।
कपदीं जटिलो मुण्डः श्मशानगृहसेवकः ॥ १२.३५०.२० ॥
Here they are merely instruments, granters of boons to all beings: matted-haired, braided, shaven-headed, dwelling in the cremation ground.
12.350.21
उग्रव्रतचरो रुद्रो योगी त्रिपुरदारणः ।
दक्षक्रतुहरश्चैव भगनेत्रहरस्तथा ॥ १२.३५०.२१ ॥
Rudra, who practices fierce vows, the yogin, the splitter of the Tripura, the destroyer of Dakṣa's sacrifice, and likewise the taker of Bhaga's eyes.
12.350.22
नारायणात्मको ज्ञेयः पाण्डवेय युगेयुगे ।
तस्मिन्हि पूज्यमाने वै देवदेवे महेश्वरे ॥ १२.३५०.२२ ॥
O son of Pāṇḍu, in every age he is to be known as Nārāyaṇa in nature; for when that god of gods, the great Lord, is worshipped.
12.350.23
संपूजितो भवत्पार्थ देवो नारायणः प्रभुः ।
अहमात्मा हि लोकानां विश्वेषां पाण्डुनन्दन ॥ १२.३५०.२३ ॥
O Pārtha, the god Nārāyaṇa, the lord, is duly worshipped by you. O joy of Pāṇḍu, I am indeed the self of all the worlds.
12.350.24
तस्मादात्मानमेवाग्रे रुद्रं संपूजयाम्यहम् ।
यद्यहं नार्चयेयं वै ईशानं वरदं शिवम् ॥ १२.३५०.२४ ॥
Therefore I first worship duly Rudra, who is my own self. If I did not worship Īśāna, the boon-giving, auspicious one.
12.350.25
आत्मानं नार्चयेत्कश्चिदिति मे भावितात्मनः ।
मया प्रमाणं हि कृतं लोकः समनुवर्तते ॥ १२.३५०.२५ ॥
No one should worship himself — thus I, whose self is disciplined, have resolved. I have established the standard, and the world follows it.
12.350.26
प्रमाणानि हि पूज्यानि ततस्तं पूजयाम्यहम् ।
यस्तं वेत्ति स मां वेत्ति योऽनु तं स हि मामनु ॥ १२.३५०.२६ ॥
Standards are worthy of worship, therefore I worship him. Whoever knows him knows me; whoever follows him indeed follows me.
12.350.27
रुद्रो नारायणश्चैव सत्वमेकं द्विधा कृतम् ।
लोके चरति कौन्तेय व्यक्तिस्थं सर्वकर्मसु ॥ १२.३५०.२७ ॥
Rudra and Nārāyaṇa are in truth one essence, made twofold. O son of Kuntī, it moves through the world, abiding in manifest form, in all actions.
12.350.28
न हि मे केनचिद्देयो वरः पाण्डवनन्दन ।
इति संचिन्त्य मनसा पुराणं रुद्रमीश्वरम् ॥ १२.३५०.२८ ॥
O delight of the Pāṇḍavas, no boon should be given to me by anyone — having considered this in mind, I (turned to) the ancient lord Rudra.
12.350.29
पुत्रार्थमाराधितवानहमात्मानमात्मना ।
न हि विष्णुः प्रणमति कस्मैचिद्विबुधाय च ॥ १२.३५०.२९ ॥
For the sake of a son I worshipped myself, by myself; for Viṣṇu does not bow to anyone, nor to any god.
12.350.30
ऋते आत्मानमेवेति ततो रुद्रं नमाम्यहम् ।
सब्रह्मकाः सरुद्राश्च सेन्द्रा देवाः सहर्षिभिः ॥ १२.३५०.३० ॥
Except oneself alone — therefore I bow to Rudra. With Brahmā, with the Rudras, the gods with Indra, and with the great sages, all of them do so as well.
12.350.31
अर्चयन्ति सुरश्रेष्ठं देवं नारायणं हरिम् ।
भविष्यतां वर्ततां च भूतानां चैव भारत ॥ १२.३५०.३१ ॥
O Bhārata, both those yet to be and those now existing among beings worship Nārāyaṇa, the Hari, the best of gods.
12.350.32
सर्वेषामग्रणीर्विष्णुः सेव्यः पूज्यश्च नित्यशः ।
नमस्व हव्यदं विष्णुं तथा शरणदं नमः। ॥ १२.३५०.३२ ॥
Viṣṇu is foremost of all, always to be served and honored. Bow to Viṣṇu, giver of oblations and giver of refuge.
12.350.33
वरदं नमस्व कौन्तेय हव्यकव्यभुजं नमः ।
चतुर्विधा मम जना भक्ता एव हि मे श्रुतम् ॥ १२.३५०.३३ ॥
O son of Kuntī, bow to the giver of boons; homage to the enjoyer of oblations and offerings. My devotees are of four kinds — so I have heard.
12.350.34
तेषामेकान्तिनः श्रेष्ठा ये चैवानन्यदेवताः ।
अहमेव गतिस्तेषां निराशीः कर्मकारिणाम् ॥ १२.३५०.३४ ॥
Among them, the single-minded and the best, who have no other god — for them I alone am the goal, for those who act without desire for fruit.
12.350.35
ये च शिष्टास्त्रयो भक्ताः फलकामा हि ते मताः ।
सर्वे च्यवनधर्माणः प्रतिबुद्धस्तु श्रेष्ठभाक् ॥ १२.३५०.३५ ॥
The remaining three devotees are held to be desirers of fruits; all are subject to falling away. But the one who is awakened partakes of the highest fruit.
12.350.36
ब्रह्माणं शितिकण्ठं च याश्चान्या देवताः स्मृताः ।
प्रबुद्धचर्याः सेवन्तो मामेवैष्यन्ति यत्फलम् ॥ १२.३५०.३६ ॥
Those who serve Brahmā, the blue-throated one, and the other gods who are remembered, with awakened conduct, will reach me alone — that is their fruit.
12.350.37
भक्तं प्रति विशेषस्ते एष पार्थानुकीर्तितः ।
त्वं चैवाहं च कौन्तेय नरनारायणौ स्मृतौ ॥ १२.३५०.३७ ॥
This special favor toward the devotee was declared to Pārtha. Son of Kuntī, you and I are remembered as Nara and Nārāyaṇa.
12.350.38
भारावतरणार्थं तु प्रविष्टौ मानुषीं तनुम् ।
नानीभ्यध्यात्मयोगांश्च योऽहं यस्माच्च भारत ॥ १२.३५०.३८ ॥
To relieve the burden we two have entered a human body. And, descendant of Bharata, that is why I, who teach the many yogas of the self, have come.
12.350.39
निवृत्तिलक्षणो धर्मस्तथाऽऽभ्यदयिकोऽपि च ।
नराणामयनं ख्यातमहमेकः सनातनः ॥ १२.३५०.३९ ॥
Dharma marked by withdrawal, and likewise the dharma that brings prosperity, are declared to be the refuge of men; and their one eternal refuge is I alone.
12.350.40
आपो नारा इति प्रोक्ता आपो वै नरसूनवः ।
अयनं मम ताः पूर्वमतो नारायणोस्म्यहम् ॥ १२.३५०.४० ॥
The waters are called nāras, and the waters are indeed the sons of Nara. They were formerly my abode; therefore I am Nārāyaṇa.
12.350.41
छादयामि जगद्विश्वं भूत्वा सूर्य इवांशुभिः ।
सर्वभूताधिवासश्च वासुदेवस्ततो ह्यहम् ॥ १२.३५०.४१ ॥
Becoming like the sun with its rays, I cover the entire universe. And because I am the dwelling of all beings, I am indeed Vāsudeva.
12.350.42
गतिश्च सर्वभूतानां प्रजनश्चापि भारत ।
व्याप्ते म रोदसी पार्थ कान्तिश्चाभ्यधिका मम। ॥ १२.३५०.४२ ॥
Descendant of Bharata, I am also the goal and the origin of all beings. Son of Pṛthā, heaven and earth are pervaded by me, and my radiance is exceeding.
12.350.43
अधिभूतनिविष्टश्च तद्विश्वं चास्मि भारत ।
क्रमणाच्चाप्यहं पार्थ विष्णुरित्यभिसंज्ञितः ॥ १२.३५०.४३ ॥
I am entered into all beings, O Bhārata, and I am that whole universe. And by my striding, O Pārtha, I am called Viṣṇu.
12.350.44
दमात्सिद्धिं परीप्सन्तो मां जनाः कामयन्ति ह ।
दिवं चोर्वी च मध्यं च तस्माद्दामोदरो ह्यहम् ॥ १२.३५०.४४ ॥
People who seek perfection through self-restraint desire me indeed. Heaven, earth and the middle realm are mine; therefore I am Dāmodara.
12.350.45
पृश्निरित्युच्यते चान्नं वेदा आपोऽमृतं तथा ।
ममैतानि सदा गर्भः पृश्निगर्भस्ततो ह्यहम् ॥ १२.३५०.४५ ॥
Food is called pṛśni, and so are the Vedas, the waters and the nectar. All these are ever in my womb; therefore I am Pṛśnigarbha.
12.350.46
ऋषयः प्राहुरेवं मां त्रितं कूपनिपातितम् ।
पृश्निगर्भ त्रितं पाहीत्येकतद्वितपातितम् ॥ १२.३५०.४६ ॥
Thus the sages addressed me: 'Trita has fallen into a well — protect Trita, O Pṛśnigarbha!' And so Trita, fallen into that pit, was saved.
12.350.47
ततः स ब्रह्मणः पुत्र आद्यो ह्यृषिवरस्त्रितः ।
उत्ततारोदपानाद्वै पृश्निगर्भानुकीर्तनात् ॥ १२.३५०.४७ ॥
Then that foremost sage Trita, first son of Brahmā, rose up from the well by the very recitation of the name Pṛśnigarbha.
12.350.48
सूर्यस्य तपतो लोकानग्नेः सोमस्य चाप्युत ।
अंशवो यत्प्रकाशन्ते ममैते केशसंज्ञिताः ॥ १२.३५०.४८ ॥
The rays of the blazing sun, of fire and of the moon that shine forth through the worlds — these are called my 'hair'.
12.350.49
सर्वज्ञाः केशवं तस्मान्मामाहुर्द्विजसत्तमाः ।
स्वपत्न्यामाहितो गर्भ उचथ्येन महात्मना ॥ १२.३५०.४९ ॥
Therefore the best of the twice-born, who know all, call me Keśava. A embryo was placed in his own wife by the great-souled Ucathya.
12.350.50
उचथ्येऽन्तहिंते चैव कदाचिद्देवताज्ञया ।
बृहस्पतिरथाविन्दत्तां पत्नीं तस्य धीमतः ॥ १२.३५०.५० ॥
When Ucathya had disappeared, once, by the command of the gods, Bṛhaspati obtained that wise man's wife.
12.350.51
ततो वै तमृषिश्रेष्ठं मैथुनोपगतं तथा ।
उवाच गर्भः कौन्तेय पञ्चभूतगुणात्मकः ॥ १२.३५०.५१ ॥
Then, O son of Kuntī, the embryo, whose nature is made of the qualities of the five elements, spoke thus to that best of sages who had come for intercourse.
12.350.52
पूर्वागतोऽहं वरद नार्हस्यम्बां प्रबाधितुम् ।
एतद्बृहस्पतिः श्रुत्वा चुक्रोध च शशाप च ॥ १२.३५०.५२ ॥
"I came first, O giver of boons; you should not trouble the mother." Hearing this, Bṛhaspati grew angry and also cursed.
12.350.53
मैथुनायागतो यस्मात्त्वयाऽहं विनिवारितः ।
तस्मादन्धो यास्यसि त्वं मच्छापान्नात्र संशयः ॥ १२.३५०.५३ ॥
Because you prevented me, who had come for intercourse, therefore you shall become blind; there is no doubt of this, by my curse.
12.350.54
स शापादृषिमुख्यस्य दीर्घं तम उपेयिवान् ।
स हि दीर्घतमा नाम नाम्ना ह्यासीदृषिः पुरा ॥ १२.३५०.५४ ॥
By the curse of that chief sage he fell into long darkness. He was, in former times, a sage by the name of Dīrghatamas.
12.350.55
वेदानवाप्य चतुरः साङ्गोपाङ्गान्सनातनान् ।
प्रयोजयामास तदा नाम गुह्यमिदं मम ॥ १२.३५०.५५ ॥
Having obtained the four eternal Vedas with their limbs and subsidiary limbs, he then put into use this secret name of mine.
12.350.56
आनुपूर्व्येण विधिना केशवेति पुनः पुनः ।
स चक्षुष्मान्समभवद्गौतमश्चाभवत्पुनः ॥ १२.३५०.५६ ॥
By reciting the name 'Keśava' again and again in due order according to the rite, he became one with sight, and again became Gautama.
12.350.57
एवं हि वरदं नाम केशवेति ममार्जुन ।
देवानामथ सर्वेषामृषीणां च महात्मनाम् ॥ १२.३५०.५७ ॥
Thus indeed, O Arjuna, my name 'Keśava' is boon-giving, for all the gods and for the great-souled sages as well.
12.350.58
अग्निः सोमेन संयुक्त एकयोनिर्मुखं कृतम् ।
अग्नीषोममयं तस्माज्जगत्कृत्स्नं चराचरम् ॥ १२.३५०.५८ ॥
Agni, united with Soma, of one origin, was made the face; therefore this entire world of moving and unmoving things is made of Agni and Soma.
12.350.59
अपि हि पुराणे भवति एकयोन्यावग्नीषोमौ देवाश्चाग्निमुखा इति। एकयोनित्वाच्च परस्परं हर्षयन्तो लोकान्धारयन्त इति ॥ १२.३५०.५९ ॥
Indeed, it is said in the Purāṇa that Agni and Soma are of one origin, and the gods have Agni as their face; because of their common origin, gladdening one another, they sustain the worlds.