Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.36
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12.36.1
श्रोतुमिच्छामि भगवन्विस्तरेण महामुने ।
राजधर्मान्द्विजश्रेष्ठ चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य चाखिलान् ॥ १२.३६.१ ॥
O venerable one, O great sage, best of the twice-born, I wish to hear in full detail the duties of kings and all the duties of the fourfold order.
12.36.2
आपत्सु च यथा नीतिः प्रणेतव्या द्विजोत्तम ।
धर्म्यमालम्ब्य पन्थानं विजयेयं कथं महीम् ॥ १२.३६.२ ॥
O best of the twice-born, how should policy be laid down in times of calamity? Having taken up the righteous path, how might I conquer the earth?
12.36.3
प्रायश्चित्तकथा ह्येषा भक्ष्याभक्ष्यसमन्विता ।
कौतूहलानुप्रवणा हर्षं जनयतीव मे ॥ १२.३६.३ ॥
This tale of expiation, concerned with what may and may not be eaten, stirs my curiosity and seems to bring me joy.
12.36.4
धर्मचर्या च राज्यं च नित्यमेव विरुध्यते ।
एवं मुह्यति मे चेतश्चिन्तयानस्य नित्यशः ॥ १२.३६.४ ॥
The practice of dharma and kingship are always in conflict. Thus, as I constantly ponder, my mind is bewildered.
12.36.5
तमुवाच महाराज व्यासो वेदविदां वरः ।
नारदं समभिप्रेक्ष्य सर्वं जानन्पुरातनम् ॥ १२.३६.५ ॥
O great king, Vyāsa, best of those who know the Vedas, looking upon Nārada, who knew all things of old, spoke to him.
12.36.6
श्रोतुमिच्छसि चेद्धर्मं निखिलेन नराधिप ।
प्रेहि भीष्मं महाबाहो वृद्धं कुरुपितामहम् ॥ १२.३६.६ ॥
O lord of men, if you wish to hear the dharma in its entirety, go, O mighty-armed one, to Bhīṣma, the aged grandsire of the Kurus.
12.36.7
स ते धर्मरहस्येषु संशयान्मनसि स्थितान् ।
छेत्ता भागीरथीपुत्रः सर्वज्ञः सर्वधर्मवित् ॥ १२.३६.७ ॥
He, the son of Bhāgīrathī, all-knowing and versed in every dharma, will cut away the doubts lying in your mind about the secret matters of dharma.
12.36.8
जनयामास यं देवी दिव्या त्रिपथगा नदी ।
साक्षाद्ददर्श यो देवान्सर्वानिन्द्रपुरोगमान् ॥ १२.३६.८ ॥
He whom the divine river goddess Tripathagā bore, and who saw face to face all the gods led by Indra.
12.36.9
बृहस्पतिपुरोगांस्तु देवर्षीनसकृत्प्रभुः ।
तोषयित्वोपचारेण राजनीतिमधीतवान् ॥ १२.३६.९ ॥
That mighty one, having repeatedly pleased the divine sages led by Bṛhaspati through service, learned the science of statecraft.
12.36.10
उशना वेद यच्छास्त्रं देवासुरगुरुर्द्विजः ।
स च धर्मं सवैयाख्यं प्राप्तवान्कुरुसत्तमः ॥ १२.३६.१० ॥
The best of the Kurus obtained the treatise that the twice-born Uśanas, teacher of gods and asuras, knows, together with the dharma bearing its special name.
12.36.11
भार्गवाच्च्यवनाच्चापि वेदानङ्गोपबृंहितान् ।
प्रतिपेदे महाबुद्धिर्वसिष्ठाच्चरितव्रतः ॥ १२.३६.११ ॥
From the Bhārgava Cyavana and also from Vasiṣṭha, that great-minded one who kept his vows obtained the Vedas nourished by their limbs.
12.36.12
पितामहसुतं ज्येष्ठं कुमारं दीप्ततेजसम् ।
अध्यात्मगतितत्त्वज्ञमुपाशिक्षत यः पुरा ॥ १२.३६.१२ ॥
He who was taught long ago by the eldest son of the Grandfather, the youth Kumāra of blazing splendor, who knows the truth of the path of the self.
12.36.13
मार्कण्डेयमुखात्कृत्स्नं यतिधर्ममवाप्तवान् ।
रामादस्त्राणि शक्राच्च प्राप्तवान्पुरुपर्षभः ॥ १२.३६.१३ ॥
From the mouth of Mārkaṇḍeya he had fully obtained the duty of the ascetic, and from Rāma and Indra he had obtained weapons; he was the best of men.
12.36.14
मृत्युरात्मेच्छया यस्य जातस्य मनुजेष्वपि ।
तथाऽनपत्यस्य सतः पुण्यलोकादिविश्रुताः ॥ १२.३६.१४ ॥
Though born among men, his death came by his own will; likewise, though he was without offspring, he was renowned for the holy worlds and the like.
12.36.15
यस्य ब्रह्मर्षयः पुण्या नित्यमासन्स भसादः ।
यस्य नाविदितं किंचिज्ज्ञानं ज्ञेयेषु दृश्यते ॥ १२.३६.१५ ॥
Holy brahmin sages were always with him, and those who eat the sacred remnants; nothing unknown to him was seen among the things to be known.
12.36.16
स ते वक्ष्यति धर्मज्ञः सूक्ष्मधर्मार्थतत्त्ववित् ।
तमभ्येहि पुरा प्राणान्स विमुञ्चति धर्मवित् ॥ १२.३६.१६ ॥
He, knower of dharma, knower of the subtle truths of dharma and artha, will tell you. Go to him before he gives up his life-breaths; that knower of dharma is about to die.
12.36.17
एवमुक्तस्तु कौन्तेयो दीर्घप्रज्ञो महामतिः ।
उवाच वदतां श्रेष्ठं व्यासं सत्यवतीसुतम् ॥ १२.३६.१७ ॥
Thus addressed, the son of Kuntī, of far-reaching wisdom and great intellect, spoke to Vyāsa, the best of speakers, son of Satyavatī.
12.36.18
वैशसं सुमहत्कृत्वा ज्ञातीनां रोमहर्षणम् ।
आगस्कृत्सर्वलोकस्य पृथिवीनाशकारकः ॥ १२.३६.१८ ॥
Having wrought so very great and hair-raising a slaughter of kinsmen, I have become an offender against the whole world and a cause of the earth's destruction.
12.36.19
घातयित्वा तमेवाजौ छलेनाजिह्नयोधिनम् ।
उपसंप्रष्टुमर्हामि तमहं केन हेतुना ॥ १२.३६.१९ ॥
Having caused him to be killed in battle by deceit, that straightforward warrior, for what reason do I deserve to approach him and ask?
12.36.20
ततस्तं नृपतिश्रेष्ठं चातुर्वर्ण्यहितेप्सया ।
पुनरेव महाबाहुर्यदुश्रेष्ठोऽब्रवीद्वचः ॥ १२.३६.२० ॥
Then, desiring the welfare of all four social orders, the mighty-armed best of the Yadus again spoke these words to that best of kings.
12.36.21
नेदानीमतिनिर्बन्धं शोके त्वं कर्तुमर्हसि ।
यदाह भगवान्व्यासस्तत्कुरुष्व नृपोत्तम ॥ १२.३६.२१ ॥
Now you should not insist excessively in your grief. Do what the venerable Vyāsa has said, O best of kings.
12.36.22
ब्राह्मणास्त्वां महाबाहो भ्रातरश्च महौजसः ।
पर्जन्यमिव घर्मान्ते नाथमाना उपासते ॥ १२.३६.२२ ॥
O mighty-armed one, the brahmins and your brothers of great splendour attend upon you, seeking you as their protector, as people await the rain-cloud at the end of summer.
12.36.23
हतशिष्टाश्च राजानः कृत्स्नं चैव समागतम् ।
चातुर्वर्ण्यं महाराज राष्ट्रं ते कुरुजाङ्गलम् ॥ १२.३६.२३ ॥
O great king, the kings who survived the slaughter, all the four social orders gathered here, and your realm of Kuru-jāṅgala.
12.36.24
प्रियार्थमपि चैतेषां ब्राह्मणानां महात्मनाम् ।
नियोगादस्य च गुरोर्व्यासस्यामिततेजसः ॥ १२.३६.२४ ॥
Even for the sake of pleasing these great-souled brahmins, and by the command of this teacher Vyāsa of boundless splendour.
12.36.25
सुहृदामस्मदादीनां द्रौपद्यांश्च परंतप ।
कुरु प्रियममित्रघ्न लोकस्य च हितं कुरु ॥ १२.३६.२५ ॥
O scorcher of foes, do what is dear to our friends and to those like us, and to Draupadī; O slayer of enemies, do also what is beneficial to the world.
12.36.26
एवमुक्तः स कृष्णेन राजा राजीवलोचनः ।
हितार्थं सर्वलोकस्य समुत्तस्थौ महामनाः ॥ १२.३६.२६ ॥
Thus addressed by Kṛṣṇa, the lotus-eyed king, great of mind, rose up for the welfare of all the worlds.
12.36.27
सोऽनुनीतो नरव्याघ्र विष्टरश्रवसा स्वयम् ।
द्वैपायनेन च तथा देवस्थानेन जिष्णुना ॥ १२.३६.२७ ॥
O tiger among men, he was persuaded in the same way by Viṣṭaraśravas (Vyāsa) himself, by Dvaipāyana, by Devasthāna, and by Jiṣṇu (Arjuna).
12.36.28
एतैश्चान्यैश्च बहुभिरनुनीतो युधिष्ठिरः ।
व्यजहान्मानसं दुःखं संतापं च महायशाः ॥ १२.३६.२८ ॥
Persuaded by these and by many others, the greatly famed Yudhiṣṭhira cast off the sorrow and anguish of his mind.
12.36.29
श्रुतवाक्यः श्रुतनिधिः श्रुतश्राव्यविशारदः ।
व्यवस्य मनसा शान्तिमगच्छत्पाण्डुनन्दनः ॥ १२.३६.२९ ॥
Having heard the words, a treasury of learning, skilled in what is to be heard, the son of Pāṇḍu resolved in his mind and attained peace.
12.36.30
स तैः परिवृतो राजा नक्षत्रैरिव चन्द्रमाः ।
धृतराष्ट्रं पुरस्कृत्य स्वपुरं प्रविवेश ह ॥ १२.३६.३० ॥
Surrounded by them, the king, like the moon surrounded by the stars, placed Dhṛtarāṣṭra in front and entered his own city.
12.36.31
प्रविविक्षुः स धर्मज्ञः कुन्तीपुत्रो युधिष्ठिरः ।
अर्चयामास देवांश्च ब्राह्मणांश्च सहस्रशः ॥ १२.३६.३१ ॥
Yudhiṣṭhira, son of Kuntī, knower of dharma, about to enter, honoured the gods and the brahmins by the thousands.
12.36.32
ततो नवं रथं शुभ्रं कम्बलाजिनसंवृतम् ।
युक्तं षोडशभिस्त्वश्चैः पाण्डुरैः शुभलक्षणैः ॥ १२.३६.३२ ॥
Then a new, bright chariot, covered with woollen blankets and hides, was brought, yoked with sixteen white horses bearing auspicious marks.
12.36.33
मन्त्रैरभ्यर्चितं पण्यैः स्तूयमानश्च बन्दिभिः ।
आरुरोह यथा देवः सोमोऽम्रतमयं यथम् ॥ १२.३६.३३ ॥
Honoured with mantras and praised by bards, he mounted it as the god Soma mounts his chariot made of nectar.
12.36.34
जग्राह रश्मीन्कौन्तेयो भीमो भीमपराक्रमः ।
अर्जुनः पाण्डुरं छत्रं धारयामास भानुमत् ॥ १२.३६.३४ ॥
Bhīma, son of Kuntī, of terrible valour, took up the reins, and Arjuna held the radiant white parasol.
12.36.35
ध्रियमाणं च तच्छत्रं पाण्डुरं राजमूर्धनि ।
शुशुभे तारकाराजः सिताभ्र इव चाम्बरे ॥ १२.३६.३५ ॥
That white parasol held over the king's head shone like the king of stars, the moon, amid a white cloud in the sky.
12.36.36
चामरव्यजने त्वस्य वीरौ जगृहतुस्तदा ।
चन्द्ररश्मिप्रये शुभ्रे माद्रीपुत्रावलंकृते ॥ १२.३६.३६ ॥
Then the two heroes took up the yak-tail fans for him, the sons of Mādrī, bright and adorned, dear to the moonbeams.
12.36.37
ते पञ्च रथमास्थाय भ्रातरः समलंकृताः ।
भूतानीव समस्तानि राजन्ददृशिरे तदा ॥ १२.३६.३७ ॥
Adorned, those five brothers mounted the chariot, and O king, then they appeared like all the beings together.
12.36.38
आस्थाय तु रथं शुभ्रं युक्तमश्वैर्मनोजवैः ।
अन्वयात्पृष्ठतो राजन्युयुत्सुः पाण्डवाग्रजम् ॥ १२.३६.३८ ॥
Having mounted the bright chariot yoked with horses swift as thought, O king, Yuyutsu followed the eldest of the Pāṇḍavas from behind.
12.36.39
रथं हेममयं शुभ्रं शैव्यसुग्रीवयाजितम् ।
सह सात्यकिना कृष्णः समास्थायान्वयात्कुरून् ॥ १२.३६.३९ ॥
On the bright golden chariot yoked by Śaibya and Sugrīva, Kṛṣṇa mounted together with Sātyaki and followed the Kurus.
12.36.40
नरयानेन तु ज्येष्ठः पिता पार्थस्य भारत ।
अग्रतो धर्मराजस्य गान्धारीसहितो ययौ ॥ १२.३६.४० ॥
O Bharata, the eldest, father of Pārtha, went in a conveyance drawn by men, with Gāndhārī, in front of King Dharma.
12.36.41
कुरुस्त्रियश्च ताः सर्वाः कुन्ती कृष्णा च माधवी ।
यानैरुच्चावचैर्जग्मुर्विदुरेण पुरस्कृताः ॥ १२.३६.४१ ॥
All the women of the Kurus—Kuntī, Kṛṣṇā, and Mādhavī—went in conveyances of various kinds, with Vidura leading them.
12.36.42
ततो रथाश्च बहुला नागाश्वसमलंकृताः ।
पादाताश्च हयाश्चैव पृष्ठतः समनुव्रजन् ॥ १२.३६.४२ ॥
Then many chariots adorned with elephants and horses, and foot-soldiers and horses, followed behind.
12.36.43
ततो वैतालिकैः सूतैर्मागधैश्च सुभाषितैः ।
स्तूयमानो ययौ राजा नगरं नागसाह्वयम् ॥ १२.३६.४३ ॥
Then, praised with well-spoken verses by the bards, charioteers and panegyrists, the king went to the city called Nāgasāhvaya.
12.36.44
तत्प्रयाणं माहबाहोर्बभूवाप्रतिमं भुवि ।
आकुलाकुलमुत्क्रुष्टं हृष्टपुष्टजनाकुलम् ॥ १२.३६.४४ ॥
That departure of the mighty-armed one was incomparable on earth, tumult upon tumult, loud and crowded with joyful, prosperous people.
12.36.45
अभियाने तु पार्थस्य नरैर्नगरवासिभिः ।
नगरं राजमार्गाश्च यथावत्समलंकृताः ॥ १२.३६.४५ ॥
At the departure of the son of Pṛthā, the men of the city duly adorned the city and the royal roads.
12.36.46
पाण्डुरेण च माल्येन पताकाभिश्च मेदिनी ।
संस्कृतो राजमार्गोऽभूद्धूपनैश्च प्रधूपितः ॥ १२.३६.४६ ॥
With white garlands and banners the earth was adorned; the royal road was decked and fragrantly perfumed with incense.
12.36.47
अथ चूर्णैश्च गन्धानां नानापुष्पप्रियङ्गुभिः ।
माल्यदामभिरासक्तै राजवेश्माभिसंवृतम् ॥ १२.३६.४७ ॥
Then the royal palace was surrounded with scented powders, various flowers, priyaṅgu blossoms, and hanging garland-strings.
12.36.48
कुम्भाश्च नगरद्वारि वारिपूर्णा नवा दृढाः ।
सिताः सुमनसो गौराः स्थापितास्तत्र तत्र ह ॥ १२.३६.४८ ॥
At the city gate new, sturdy, white, flower-decked pots filled with water were placed here and there.
12.36.49
तथा स्वलंकृतं द्वारं नगरं पाण्डुनन्दनः ।
स्तूयमानः शुभैर्वाक्यैः प्रविवेश सुहृद्वृतः ॥ १२.३६.४९ ॥
Thus the son of Pāṇḍu entered the city through the well-adorned gate, praised with auspicious words and surrounded by his well-wishers.