Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.60
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12.60.1
आश्रमाणां महाबाहो शृणु सत्यपराक्रम ।
चतुर्णामपि नामानि कर्माणि च युधिष्ठिर ॥ १२.६०.१ ॥
O mighty-armed one, O you of true valour, listen to the names and duties of the four life-stages, Yudhiṣṭhira.
12.60.2
वानप्रस्थं भैक्षचर्यं गार्हस्थ्यं च महाश्रमम् ।
ब्रह्मचर्याश्रमं प्राहुश्चतुर्थं ब्रह्मणेरितम् ॥ १२.६०.२ ॥
The forest-dweller stage, the life of begging alms, the householder stage, the great life-stage — they call the stage of celibate studentship; the fourth was declared by Brahmā.
12.60.3
चूडाकरणसंस्कारं द्विजातित्वमवाप्य च ।
आधानादीनि कर्माणि प्राप्य वेदानधीत्य च ॥ १२.६०.३ ॥
Having attained the status of the twice-born through the rite of tonsure, having performed the fire-rites beginning with the establishing of the sacred fire, and having studied the Vedas —
12.60.4
सदारो वाऽप्यदारो वा विनीतः संयतेन्द्रियः ।
वानप्रस्थाश्रमं गच्छेत्कृतकृत्यो गृहाश्रमात् ॥ १२.६०.४ ॥
Whether with wife or without, humble and with senses restrained, having completed the duties of the householder stage, let him go to the forest-dweller stage.
12.60.5
तत्रारण्यकशास्त्राणि समधीत्य स धर्मवित् ।
ऊर्ध्वरेताः प्रजा हित्वा गच्छत्यक्षरसात्मताम् ॥ १२.६०.५ ॥
There, having thoroughly studied the forest-texts, that knower of dharma, with seed raised upward, having abandoned offspring, attains oneness with the imperishable.
12.60.6
एतान्येव निमित्तानि मुनीनामूर्ध्वरेतसाम् ।
कर्तव्यानीह विप्रेण राजन्नादौ विपश्चिता ॥ १२.६०.६ ॥
These very are the means for sages with seed raised upward; O king, here a learned brahmin should first perform these.
12.60.7
चरितब्रह्मचर्यस्य ब्राह्मणस्य विशांपते ।
भैक्षचर्यास्वधीकारः प्रशस्तो देहमोक्षणे ॥ १२.६०.७ ॥
O lord of men, a brahmin who has completed his celibate studentship has the right to live by begging; this is praised for release from the body.
12.60.8
यत्रास्तमितशायी स्यान्निरग्निरनिकेतनः ।
यथोपलब्धजीवी स्यान्मुनिर्दान्तो जितेन्द्रियः ॥ १२.६०.८ ॥
Let him sleep wherever the sun sets, be without fire and without home, live on whatever he obtains; let him be a sage, self-controlled, one who has conquered his senses.
12.60.9
निराशीर्निर्नमस्कारो निर्भोगो निर्विकारवान् ।
विप्रः क्षेमाश्रमं प्राप्तो गच्छत्यक्षरसात्मताम् ॥ १२.६०.९ ॥
The brahmin who is free from desire, free from salutation, free from enjoyment, and unchanging, having reached the secure hermitage, goes to oneness with the imperishable.
12.60.10
अधीत्य वेदान्कृतसर्वकृत्यः ।
संतानमुत्पाद्य सुखानि भुक्त्वा।
समाहितः प्रचरेद्दुश्चरं तं ।
गार्हस्थ्यधर्मं मुनिधर्मजुष्टम् ॥ १२.६०.१० ॥
Having studied the Vedas and completed all duties, having begotten offspring and enjoyed pleasures, let him, composed in mind, practise that difficult householder's duty which is followed by the duty of sages.
12.60.11
स्वदारतुष्टस्त्वृतुकालगामी ।
नियोगसेवी न शठो न जिह्नः।
मिताशनो देवरतः कृतज्ञः ।
सत्यो मृदुश्चानृशंसः क्षमावान् ॥ १२.६०.११ ॥
Content with his own wife, going to her only in the fertile season, devoted to appointed duties, neither deceitful nor crooked, moderate in eating, devoted to the gods, grateful, truthful, gentle, not cruel, and forbearing.
12.60.12
दान्तो विधेयो हव्यकव्याप्रमत्तो ।
ह्यन्नस्य दाता सततं द्विजेभ्यः।
अमत्सरी सर्वलिङ्गप्रदाता ।
वैताननित्यश्च गृहाश्रमी स्यात् ॥ १२.६०.१२ ॥
The householder should be self-controlled and dutiful, heedful in offerings to the gods and the ancestors, constantly giving food to the twice-born, free from envy, giving every kind of gift, and constant in the sacred fires.
12.60.13
अथात्र नारायणगीतमाहु ।
र्महर्षयस्तात महानुभावाः।
महार्थमत्यन्ततपः प्रयुक्तं ।
तदुच्यमानं हि मया निबोध ॥ १२.६०.१३ ॥
Here, my son, the great sages of exalted power speak of the Song of Nārāyaṇa, which is of great meaning and was taught through extreme austerity. Understand what I am now telling you.
12.60.14
सत्यार्जवं चातिथिपूजनं च ।
धर्मस्तथार्थश्च रतिः स्वदारैः।
निषेवितव्यानि सुखानि लोके ।
ह्यस्मिन्परे चैव मतं ममैतत् ॥ १२.६०.१४ ॥
Truthfulness and uprightness, honoring guests, duty, wealth, and delight with one's own wife: these pleasures should be enjoyed in the world. This is my view, both here and in the hereafter.
12.60.15
भरणं पुत्रदाराणां वेदानां चानुपालनम् ।
सेवतामाश्रमं श्रेष्ठं वदन्ति परमर्षयः ॥ १२.६०.१५ ॥
Supporting sons and wife, and faithfully observing the Vedas: the supreme sages say that the householder's stage is the best for those who practice these.
12.60.16
एवं हि यो ब्राह्मणो यज्ञशीलो ।
गार्हस्थ्यमध्यावसते यथावत्।
गृहस्थवृत्तिं प्रतिगाह्य सम्य ।
क्स्वर्गे विशुद्धं फलमश्नुते सः ॥ १२.६०.१६ ॥
Thus the brahmin who is devoted to sacrifice, who dwells properly in the householder's life and fully takes up the householder's conduct, enjoys a pure reward in heaven.
12.60.17
तस्य देहं परित्यज्य इष्टकामाक्षया मताः ।
आनन्त्यायोपकल्पन्ते सर्वतोक्षिशिरोमुखाः ॥ १२.६०.१७ ॥
Having abandoned his body, his desired pleasures are considered undiminishing; those with eyes, heads and faces turned in every direction are prepared for infinity.
12.60.18
वसन्नेको जपन्नेकः सर्वान्वेदान्युधिष्ठिर ।
एकस्मिन्नेव चाचार्ये शुश्रूषुर्मलपङ्कवान् ॥ १२.६०.१८ ॥
O Yudhiṣṭhira, one dwells, and one recites all the Vedas, serving a single teacher, smeared with dirt and mud.
12.60.19
ब्रह्मचारी व्रती नित्यं नित्यं दीक्षापरो वशी ।
गुरुच्छायानुगो नित्यमधीयानः सुयन्त्रितः।
अविचाल्यव्रतोपेतं कृत्यं कुर्वन्वसेत्सदा ॥ १२.६०.१९ ॥
The celibate student, observing his vows, always devoted to initiation, self-controlled, following his teacher's shadow, always studying, well-restrained, endowed with an unwavering vow, should always dwell performing his duty.
12.60.20
शुश्रूषां सततं कुर्वन्गुरोः संप्रणमेत च ।
षट्कर्मस्वनिवृत्तश्च न प्रवृत्तश्च सर्वशः ॥ १२.६०.२० ॥
Constantly serving his teacher, he should bow to him properly, neither withdrawn from the six duties nor wholly engaged in them.
12.60.21
नाचरत्यधिकारेण सेवेत द्विषतो न च ।
एषोऽऽश्रमपदस्तात ब्रह्मचारिण इष्यते ॥ १२.६०.२१ ॥
He should not act by virtue of authority, nor serve an enemy; this, dear child, is the stage of the hermitage prescribed for the celibate student.