Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.65
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12.65.1
श्रुता मे कथिताः पूर्वं चत्वारो मानवाश्रमाः ।
व्याख्यानमेषामाचक्ष्व पृच्छतो मे पितामह ॥ १२.६५.१ ॥
I have heard before that there are four stages of human life. Grandsire, as I ask, tell me their explanation.
12.65.2
विदिताः सर्व एवेह धर्मास्तव युधिष्ठिर ।
यथा मम महाबाहो विदिताः साधुसंमताः ॥ १२.६५.२ ॥
Yudhiṣṭhira, you know all the duties here, just as I do, and those approved by the good. Mighty-armed one.
12.65.3
यत्तु लिङ्गान्तरगतं पृच्छसे मां युधिष्ठिर ।
धर्मं धर्मभृतां श्रेष्ठ तन्निबोध नराधिप। ॥ १२.६५.३ ॥
Yudhiṣṭhira, the duty that lies in another mark, which you ask me about — best of those who uphold duty, lord of men, understand that.
12.65.4
सर्वाण्येतानि कौन्तेय विद्यन्ते भरतर्षभ ।
साध्वाचारप्रवृत्तानां चातुराश्रम्यकर्मणाम् ॥ १२.६५.४ ॥
Son of Kuntī, bull of the Bharatas, all these exist in those who are engaged in good conduct and perform the duties of the four stages of life.
12.65.5
अकामद्वेषसंयुक्तो दण्डनीत्या युधिष्ठिर ।
समदर्शी च भूतेषु भैक्ष्याश्रमपदं भवेत् ॥ १२.६५.५ ॥
Yudhiṣṭhira, one free from desire and hatred, endowed with the policy of punishment, and seeing all beings alike, may be the station of the mendicant stage.
12.65.6
वेत्ति दानं विसर्गं च विग्रहानुग्रहौ तथा ।
यथोक्तवृत्तो धीरश्च क्षमाश्रमपदं भवेत् ॥ १२.६५.६ ॥
One who knows giving and release, war and favour, who conducts himself as said and is steady, may be the station of the forbearance stage.
12.65.7
अर्हान्पूजयतो नित्यं संविभागेन पाण्डव ।
सर्वतस्तस्य कौन्तेय भैक्ष्याश्रमपदं भवेत् ॥ १२.६५.७ ॥
O Pāṇḍava, for one who always honours the worthy and shares what he has, O Kaunteya, in every way the station is the mendicant's hermitage.
12.65.8
ज्ञातिसंबन्धिमित्राणि व्यापन्नानि युधिष्ठिर ।
समभ्युद्धरमाणस्य दीक्षाश्रमपदं भवेत् ॥ १२.६५.८ ॥
O Yudhiṣṭhira, for one who fully rescues kinsmen, relatives and friends who have fallen into ruin, the station is the consecrated hermitage.
12.65.9
लोकमुख्येषु सत्कारं लिङ्गिमुख्येषु चासकृत् ।
कुर्वतस्तस्य कौन्तेय वन्याश्रमपदं भवेत् ॥ १२.६५.९ ॥
O Kaunteya, for one who again and again pays honour to the foremost men of the world and the foremost of the ascetics, the station is the forest hermitage.
12.65.10
आह्निकं पितृयज्ञांश्च भूतयज्ञान्समानुषान् ।
कुर्वतः पार्थ विपुलान्वन्याश्रमपदं भवेत् ॥ १२.६५.१० ॥
O Pārtha, for one who performs in abundance the daily rites, the sacrifices to the ancestors, and the sacrifices to beings together with humans, the station is the forest hermitage.
12.65.11
संविभागेन भूतानामतिथीनां तथाऽर्चनात् ।
देवयज्ञैश्च राजेन्द्र वन्याश्रमपदं भवेत् ॥ १२.६५.११ ॥
O lord of kings, for one who shares with beings and guests, honours them, and lives by the sacrifices to the gods, the station is the forest hermitage.
12.65.12
मर्दनं परराष्ट्राणां शिष्टार्थं सत्यविक्रम ।
कुर्वतः पुरुषव्याघ्र वन्याश्रमपदं भवेत् ॥ १२.६५.१२ ॥
O true in valour, for one who crushes foreign kingdoms for the sake of the righteous order, O tiger among men, the station is the forest hermitage.
12.65.13
पालनात्सर्वभूतानां स्वराष्ट्रपरिपालनात् ।
दीक्षा बहुविधा राजन्सत्याश्रमपदं भवेत् ॥ १२.६५.१३ ॥
O king, by protecting all beings and guarding one's own realm, many kinds of consecration arise; then it becomes the station of the hermitage of truth.
12.65.14
वेदाध्ययननित्यत्वं क्षमाऽथाचार्यपूजनम् ।
तथोपाध्यायशुश्रूषा ब्रह्माश्रमपदं भवेत् ॥ १२.६५.१४ ॥
Constant study of the Vedas, forbearance, honoring the teacher, and likewise service to the instructor — these become the station of the Brahman hermitage.
12.65.15
आह्निकाञ्जपमानस्य देवान्पूजयतः सदा ।
धर्मेण पुरुषव्याघ्र धर्माश्रमपदं भवेत् ॥ १२.६५.१५ ॥
O best of men, for one who recites daily and always worships the gods, through dharma it becomes the station of the hermitage of dharma.
12.65.16
मृत्युर्वा रक्षणं वेति यस्य राज्ञो विनिश्चयः ।
प्राणद्यूते व्यवस्थाप्य ब्रह्माश्रमपदं भवेत् ॥ १२.६५.१६ ॥
For the king whose resolve is 'death or protection,' who establishes a decision in a wager of life, this becomes the station of the Brahman hermitage.
12.65.17
अजिह्नमशठं मार्गं वर्तमानस्य भारत ।
सर्वदा सर्वभूतेषु ब्रह्माश्रमपदं भवेत् ॥ १२.६५.१७ ॥
O Bhārata, for one who always walks the straight and honest path toward all beings, this becomes the station of the Brahman hermitage.
12.65.18
वानप्रस्थेषु विप्रेषु त्रैविद्येषु च भारत ।
प्रयच्छतोऽर्थान्विपुलान्वन्याश्रमपदं भवेत् ॥ १२.६५.१८ ॥
O Bhārata, for one who gives abundant wealth to forest-dwellers, brahmins, and the threefold-learned, this becomes the station of the forest hermitage.
12.65.19
सर्वभूतेष्वनुक्रोशं कुर्वतस्तव भारत ।
आनृशंस्ये प्रवृत्तस्य नियतः पुण्यसंचयः ॥ १२.६५.१९ ॥
O Bhārata, for you who show compassion toward all beings and are devoted to gentleness, an accumulation of merit is assured.
12.65.20
बालवृद्धेषु कौन्तेय सर्वावस्थं युधिष्ठिर ।
अनुक्रोशक्रिया पार्थ धर्म एष सनातनः ॥ १२.६५.२० ॥
O son of Kuntī, Yudhiṣṭhira, O son of Pṛthā, showing compassion to children and the aged in every condition is this eternal dharma.
12.65.21
बलात्कृतेषु भूतेषु परित्राणं कुरूद्वह ।
शरणागतेषु कौरव्य परं कारुण्यमाचर ॥ १२.६५.२१ ॥
O best of the Kurus, give protection to beings who have been overpowered by force. O descendant of Kuru, show supreme compassion to those who have come seeking refuge.
12.65.22
चराचराणां भूतानां रक्षणं चापि सर्वशः ।
यथार्हपूजां च तथा कुर्वन्गार्हस्थ्यमावसेत् ॥ १२.६५.२२ ॥
Protecting all beings, moving and unmoving, in every way, and honoring them as is fitting, one should dwell in the householder's life in this manner.
12.65.23
ज्येष्ठानुज्येष्ठपत्नीनां भ्रातॄणां पुत्रनप्तृणाम् ।
निग्रहानुग्रहौ पार्थ गार्हस्थ्यममितं तपः ॥ १२.६५.२३ ॥
O son of Pṛthā, toward the wives of elder and younger brothers, toward brothers, sons and grandsons, to show both restraint and favor is the boundless austerity of the householder's life.
12.65.24
साधूनामर्चनीयानां पूजासु विदितात्मनाम् ।
पालनं पुरुषव्याघ्र गृहाश्रमपदं भवेत् ॥ १२.६५.२४ ॥
O tiger among men, in worship of the virtuous who are worthy of honor and who know the self, to care for them is what should be the station of the householder's life.
12.65.25
आश्रमस्थानि भूतानि यस्य वेश्मनि भारत ।
भुञ्जते विपुलं भोज्यं तद्गार्हस्थ्यं युधिष्ठिर ॥ १२.६५.२५ ॥
O Bhārata, that is the householder's life in whose house the beings dwelling in the stages of life eat abundant food, O Yudhiṣṭhira.
12.65.26
यः स्थितः पुरुषो धर्मे धात्रा सृष्टे यथार्थवत् ।
आश्रमाणां हि सर्वेषां फलं प्राप्नोत्यनामयम् ॥ १२.६५.२६ ॥
The man who stands firm in dharma, as the Creator ordained it and rightly, obtains the unblemished fruit of all the stages of life.
12.65.27
यस्मिन्न नश्यन्ति गुणाः कौन्तेय पुरुषे सदा ।
आश्रमस्थं तमप्याहुर्नरश्रेष्ठं युधिष्ठिर ॥ १२.६५.२७ ॥
O son of Kuntī, the man in whom virtues never perish, even one dwelling in a stage of life is called the best of men, O Yudhiṣṭhira.
12.65.28
स्थानमानं कुलेमानं वयोमानं तथैव च ।
कुर्वन्वसति सर्वेषु ह्याश्रमेषु युधिष्ठिर ॥ १२.६५.२८ ॥
O Yudhiṣṭhira, honoring rank, honoring family and honoring age, one dwells in all the stages of life.
12.65.29
देशधर्मांश्च कौन्तेय कुलधर्मास्तथैव च ।
पालयन्पुरुषव्याघ्र राजा सर्वाश्रमी भवेत् ॥ १२.६५.२९ ॥
O son of Kuntī, protecting the customs of the land and the customs of the family, O tiger among men, a king should be one who belongs to all the stages of life.
12.65.30
काले विभूतिं भूतानामुपहारांस्तथैव च ।
अर्हयन्पुरुषव्याघ्र साधूनामाश्रमे वसेत् ॥ १२.६५.३० ॥
O tiger among men, at the proper time giving the wealth and offerings to beings, and honoring the virtuous, one should dwell in the hermitage.
12.65.31
देशधर्मगतश्चापि यो धर्मं प्रत्यवेक्षते ।
सर्वलोकस्य कौन्तेय राजा भवति सोश्रमी ॥ १२.६५.३१ ॥
The king who, having attained the duties of his country, still looks to dharma — he, O son of Kuntī, becomes king of the whole world, and he is one who keeps to the stages of life.
12.65.32
ये धर्मकुशला लोके धर्मं कुर्वन्ति भारत ।
पालिता यस्य विषये पादांशस्तस्य भूपतेः ॥ १२.६५.३२ ॥
Those in the world who are skilled in dharma and practise dharma, O Bhārata — in whose realm they are protected, that lord of the earth receives a quarter share of it.
12.65.33
धर्मारामान्धर्मपरान्ये न रक्षन्ति मानवान् ।
पार्थिवाः पुरुषव्याघ्र तेषां पापं हरन्ति ते ॥ १२.६५.३३ ॥
Kings who do not protect human beings who delight in dharma and are devoted to dharma — O tiger among men, those kings take upon themselves the sin of those people.
12.65.34
ये च रक्षासहायाः स्युः पार्थिवानां युधिष्ठिर ।
ते चैवांशहराः सर्वे धर्मे परकृतेऽनघ ॥ १२.६५.३४ ॥
Those who are helpers in protecting kings — O Yudhiṣṭhira, all of them too share in that portion; O sinless one, they share in the dharma done by others.
12.65.35
सर्वाश्रमपदेऽप्याहुर्गार्हस्थ्यं दीप्तनिर्णयम् ।
पावनं पुरुषव्याघ्र यद्वयं पर्युपास्महे ॥ १२.६५.३५ ॥
In the place of every stage of life, they call the householder's life the one of brilliant determination and purifying — O tiger among men, the very one we now serve.
12.65.36
आत्मोपमस्तु भूतेषु यो वै भवति मानवः ।
न्यस्तदण्डो जितक्रोधः प्रेत्येह लभते सुखम् ॥ १२.६५.३६ ॥
The person who sees all beings as himself, who has laid down the rod and conquered anger — he obtains happiness here and hereafter, after death.
12.65.37
धर्मोच्छ्रिता सत्यजला शीलयष्टिर्दमध्वजा ।
त्यागवाताध्वगा शीघ्रा नौस्तया सन्तरिष्यति ॥ १२.६५.३७ ॥
A swift boat, raised upon dharma, with truth for its water, good conduct for its mast, self-restraint for its banner, moving on the wind of renunciation: by it a man will cross over.
12.65.38
यदा सर्वत्र निर्मुक्तः कामो नास्य हृदि स्थितः ।
यदा सत्यान्वितो वृत्तैस्तदा ब्रह्म सम श्नुते ॥ १२.६५.३८ ॥
When desire is released everywhere and does not remain in his heart, when he is endowed with truth and good conduct, then he attains a state equal to Brahman.
12.65.39
सुप्रसन्नस्तु भावेन योगेन च नराधिप ।
धर्मं पुरुषशार्दूल प्राप्स्यसे पालने रतः ॥ १२.६५.३९ ॥
O lord of men, well pleased in disposition and through discipline, O tiger among men, delighting in protecting, you will attain dharma.
12.65.40
वेदाध्ययनशीलानां विप्राणां साधुकर्मणाम् ।
पालने यत्नमातिष्ठ सर्वलोकस्य चानघ ॥ १२.६५.४० ॥
O sinless one, make effort in protecting the brahmins who are devoted to studying the Vedas and who perform good deeds, and all the world.
12.65.41
वने चरन्ति ये धर्ममाश्रमेषु च भारत ।
रक्षणात्तच्छतगुणं धर्मं प्राप्नोति पार्थिवः ॥ १२.६५.४१ ॥
O descendant of Bharata, by protecting those who practise dharma in the forest and in the hermitages, the king obtains a hundredfold of their dharma.
12.65.42
एष ते विविधो धर्मः पाण्डवश्रेष्ठ कीर्तितः ।
युधिष्ठिर त्वमेनं वै पूर्वं दृष्टं सनातनम् ॥ १२.६५.४२ ॥
O best of the Pāṇḍavas, this manifold dharma has been declared to you. O Yudhiṣṭhira, you have seen this eternal dharma before.
12.65.43
चातुराश्रम्यमैकाग्र्यं चातुर्वर्ण्यं च पाण्डवं ।
धर्मं पुरुषशार्दूल प्राप्स्यसे पालने रतः ॥ १२.६५.४३ ॥
O son of Pāṇḍu, tiger among men, devoted to protecting the realm, you will obtain the dharma of the four stages of life, single-pointed focus, and the dharma of the four social orders.