Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.82
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12.82.1
एषा प्रथमतो वृत्तिर्द्वितीयां शृणु भारत ।
यः कश्चिद्वेदयेदर्थं राज्ञा रक्ष्यः स मानवः ॥ १२.८२.१ ॥
This is the first conduct; hear the second, O descendant of Bharata. Whoever man informs the king about the wealth, that man is to be protected by the king.
12.82.2
ह्रियमाणममात्येन भृत्यो वा यदि वा भृतः ।
यो राजकोशं नश्यन्तमाचक्षीत युधिष्ठिर ॥ १२.८२.२ ॥
O Yudhiṣṭhira, whoever, a servant or a hired man, sees the royal treasury being carried off by a minister or being lost, should report it.
12.82.3
श्रोतव्यमस्य च रहो रक्ष्यश्चामात्यतो भवेत् ।
अमात्या ह्यपहर्तारो भूयिष्ठं घ्नन्ति भारत ॥ १२.८२.३ ॥
His words should be heard in private, and he should be protected from the ministers; for, O descendant of Bharata, it is mostly the ministers who are the embezzlers, and they strike down many.
12.82.4
राजकोशस्य गोप्तारं राजकोशविलोपकाः ।
समेत्य सर्वे बाधन्ते स विनश्यत्यरक्षितः ॥ १२.८२.४ ॥
The guardian of the royal treasury is harassed by all the plunderers of the royal treasury who gather together; left unprotected, he is destroyed.
12.82.5
अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
मुनिः कालकवृक्षीयः कौसल्यं यदुवाच ह ॥ १२.८२.५ ॥
On this matter they also cite this ancient story, which the sage of the Kālakavṛkṣa lineage spoke to the king of Kosala.
12.82.6
कोसलानामाधिपत्यं संप्राप्तं क्षेमदर्शिनम् ।
मुनिः कालकवृक्षीय आजगोमेति नः श्रुतम् ॥ १२.८२.६ ॥
Having obtained lordship over the Kosalas, to a king who looked to welfare, the sage of the Kālakavṛkṣa lineage — so we have heard.
12.82.7
स काकं पञ्जरे बद्ध्वा विषयं क्षेमदर्शिनः ।
सर्वं पर्यचरद्युक्तः प्रवृत्त्यर्थी पुनः पुनः ॥ १२.८२.७ ॥
Having shut the crow in a cage, he attended closely to all affairs of the realm of the one who sees security, again and again, eager for news.
12.82.8
अधीये वायसीं विद्यां शंसन्ति मम वायसाः ।
अनागतमतीतं च यच्च संप्रति वर्तते ॥ १२.८२.८ ॥
I have learned the crow's lore; the crows tell me what is yet to come, what has passed, and what is happening now.
12.82.9
इति राष्ट्रे परिपतन्बहुभिः पुरुषैः सह ।
सर्वेषां राजयुक्तानां दुष्कृतं परिदृष्टवान् ॥ १२.८२.९ ॥
Thus, roaming the realm with many men, he observed the misdeeds of all the king's officials.
12.82.10
स बुद्ध्वा तस्य राष्ट्रस्य व्यवसायं हि सर्वशः ।
राजयुक्तापचारांश्च सर्वान्बुद्ध्वा ततस्ततः ॥ १२.८२.१० ॥
He fully learned all the doings of that realm, and having learned the transgressions of all the royal officials, he learned more and more, step by step.
12.82.11
ततः स काकमादाय राजानं द्रष्टुमागमत् ।
सर्वज्ञोऽस्मीति वचनं ब्रुवाणः संशितव्रतः ॥ १२.८२.११ ॥
Then, taking the crow, he came to see the king, saying, 'I am all-knowing,' firm in his vow.
12.82.12
स स्म कौसल्यमागम्य राजामात्यमलंकृतम् ।
प्राह काकस्य वचनादमुत्रेदं त्वया कृतम् ॥ १२.८२.१२ ॥
He came to the Kauśalya king and his adorned minister and said: 'By the crow's word, you did this there.'
12.82.13
असौ चासौ च जानीते राजकेशस्त्वया हृतः ।
एवमाख्याति काकोऽयं तच्छीघ्रमनुगम्यताम् ॥ १२.८२.१३ ॥
This one and that one both know that the royal treasury was taken by you. Thus this crow declares; therefore let him be followed at once.
12.82.14
तथाऽन्यानपि स प्राह राजकोशहरांस्तदा ।
न चास्य वचनं किंचिदनृतं श्रूयते क्वचित् ॥ १२.८२.१४ ॥
In the same way he then named the others who had plundered the royal treasury. In his words no falsehood is ever heard anywhere.
12.82.15
तेन विप्रकृताः सर्वे राजयुक्ताः कुरूद्वह ।
तमतिक्रम्य सुप्तं तु निशि काकमपोथयन् ॥ १२.८२.१५ ॥
By him all the royal officials were wronged, O best of the Kurus. Passing him by, they beat the crow that was sleeping at night.
12.82.16
वायसं तु विनिर्भिन्नं दृष्ट्वा वाणेन पञ्जरे ।
पूर्वाह्णे ब्राह्मणो वाक्यं क्षेमदर्शिनमब्रवीत् ॥ १२.८२.१६ ॥
Seeing the crow pierced through with an arrow in its cage, in the forenoon the brahmin spoke these words to the one who looks to welfare.
12.82.17
राजंस्त्वामभयं याचे प्रभुं प्राणधनेश्वरम् ।
अनुज्ञातस्त्वया ब्रूयां वचनं भवतो हितम् ॥ १२.८२.१७ ॥
O king, I ask you for safety, you the lord of life and wealth. Having been permitted by you, may I speak words beneficial to you.
12.82.18
मित्रार्थमभिसंतप्तो भक्त्या सर्वात्मनाऽऽगतः ।
ह्रियन्ते हि महार्थाश्च पुरुषे विक्रमत्यपि ॥ १२.८२.१८ ॥
Deeply distressed for the sake of a friend, I have come with devotion and my whole self. Great things are taken away even when a man exerts his valour.
12.82.19
संबुबोधयिषुर्मित्रं सदश्वमिव सारथिः ।
अतिमन्युप्रसक्तो हि प्रसह्य हितकारणात् ॥ १२.८२.१९ ॥
One who wishes to enlighten a friend should, like a charioteer with a fine horse, forcibly restrain him who is steeped in great anger, for his own welfare.
12.82.20
तथाविधस्य सुहृदा क्षन्तव्यं संविजानता ।
ऐश्वर्यमिच्छता नित्यं पुरुषेण बुभूषता ॥ १२.८२.२० ॥
Such a man should be forgiven by a friend who understands; and a man who always desires sovereignty and wishes to attain it should likewise be forgiven.
12.82.21
तं राजा प्रत्युवाचेदं यत्किंचिन्मां भवान्वदेत् ।
कस्मादहं न क्षमेयमाकाङ्क्षन्नात्मनो हितम् ॥ १२.८२.२१ ॥
The king replied to him: 'Whatever you may say to me, why should I not bear it, desiring my own welfare?'
12.82.22
ब्राह्मण प्रतिजाने ते प्रब्रूहि यदिहेच्छसि ।
करिष्यामि हि ते वाक्यं यन्मां विप्र प्रवक्ष्यसि ॥ १२.८२.२२ ॥
O brahmin, I promise you: say here whatever you wish. O learned one, I will surely do the word that you speak to me.
12.82.23
विद्वान्नयानपायांश्च भयाख्यातॄन्भयानि च ।
भक्त्या वृत्तिं समाख्यातुं भवतोऽन्तिकमागतः ॥ १२.८२.२३ ॥
Knowing the gains and losses of policy, and those who proclaim fears and the fears themselves, I have come near to you out of devotion to explain your conduct.
12.82.24
प्रागेवोक्तं तु दोषोऽयमाचार्यैर्नृपसेवनम् ।
अगतेः कुगतिर्ह्येषा या राज्ञा सहजीविका ॥ १२.८२.२४ ॥
The teachers have already said that serving a king is a fault; for one without refuge it is a bad course, for such is a livelihood shared with a king.
12.82.25
आशीविषैश्च तस्याहुः संगमं यस्य राजभिः ।
बहुमित्रांश्च राजानो बह्वभित्रास्तथैव च ॥ १२.८२.२५ ॥
They say his association is with venomous snakes who associates with kings; kings have many friends, and likewise many enemies.
12.82.26
तेभ्यः सर्वेभ्य एवाहुर्भयं राजोपजीविनाम् ।
तथाऽस्य राजतो राजन्मुहुर्तादागतं भयम् ॥ १२.८२.२६ ॥
They say that fear comes to those who live by serving kings from all of them; so too, O king, fear comes to him from the king himself in an instant.
12.82.27
नैकान्तेनाप्रमादो हि शक्यः कर्तुं महीपतौ ।
न तु प्रमादः कर्तव्यः कथंचिद्भूतिमिच्छता ॥ १२.८२.२७ ॥
Complete freedom from heedlessness is indeed not possible with a lord of the earth; yet one who desires prosperity must never be heedless in any way.
12.82.28
प्रमादात्स्खलते बुद्धिः स्खलतो नास्ति जीवितम् ।
अग्निं दीप्तमिवासीदेद्राजानप्नुपशिक्षितः ॥ १२.८२.२८ ॥
Through heedlessness the intellect slips, and for one who slips there is no life; one trained in attending the king should approach him as one would a blazing fire.
12.82.29
आशीविषमिव क्रुद्धं प्रभुं प्राणधनेश्वरम् ।
यत्नेनोपचरेन्नित्यं नाहमस्मीति मानवः ॥ १२.८२.२९ ॥
A man should always serve with care the lord, master of life and wealth, who is angry like a venomous snake, thinking, 'I am nothing.'
12.82.30
दुर्व्याहृताच्छङ्कमानो दुःस्थिताद्दुरनुष्ठितात् ।
दुरासदाद्दुर्वृजिनादिङ्गिताद्ध्यायितादपि ॥ १२.८२.३० ॥
fearing ill-spoken words, an ill-stationed position, ill-performed deeds, a harsh and inaccessible temper, wickedness, a gesture, or even a thought.
12.82.31
देवतेव हि सर्वार्थान्कुर्याद्राजा प्रसादितः ।
वैश्वानर इव क्रुद्धः समूलमपि निर्दहेत् ॥ १२.८२.३१ ॥
A king, when pleased, can accomplish all aims like a god; when angered, like the fire Vaiśvānara, he can burn one up root and all.
12.82.32
इति राजन्यमः प्राह वर्तते च तथैव तत् ।
अथ भूयांसमेवार्थं करिष्यामि पुनः पुनः ॥ १२.८२.३२ ॥
Thus the foremost of kings spoke: "It is just so. Now I shall again and again accomplish an even greater purpose."
12.82.33
ददात्यत्मद्विधोऽऽमात्यो बुद्धिसाहाय्यमापदि ।
वायसस्त्वेष मे राजन्नन्तकायाभिसंहितः ॥ १२.८२.३३ ॥
A minister like me gives the aid of wisdom in calamity. This crow, O king, has been sent against me by Death.
12.82.34
न च मेऽत्र भवान्गर्ह्यो न च येषां भवान्प्रियः ।
हिताहितांस्तु बुद्ध्येथा मापरोक्षमतिर्भव ॥ १२.८२.३४ ॥
Here you are not blameworthy to me, nor are those whom you hold dear. Discern what is beneficial and what is harmful; do not become one whose understanding cannot grasp what is unseen.
12.82.35
ये त्वादानपरा एव वसन्ति भवतो गृहे ।
अभूतिकामा भूतानां तादृशैर्मेऽभिसंहितम् ॥ १२.८२.३५ ॥
Those who dwell in your house, intent only on taking, desiring the ruin of beings — by such men this has been devised against me.
12.82.36
यो वा भवद्विनाशेन राज्यमिच्छत्यनन्तरम् ।
आन्तरैराभेसंधाय राजन्सिद्ध्यति नान्यथा ॥ १२.८२.३६ ॥
He who, through your destruction, desires the kingdom next, having plotted with insiders, O king, succeeds — otherwise not.
12.82.37
तेषामहं भयाद्राजन्गमिष्याम्यन्यमाश्रमम् ।
तैर्हि मे संधितो बाणः काके निपतितः प्रभो ॥ १२.८२.३७ ॥
O king, out of fear of them I shall go to another hermitage, for by them my aimed arrow fell upon the crow, O lord.
12.82.38
छझना मम काकश्च गमितो यमसादनम् ।
दृष्टं ह्येतन्मया राजंस्तपोदीर्घेन चक्षुषा ॥ १२.८२.३८ ॥
By deceit my crow too was sent to the abode of Yama. This I have seen, O king, with the eye won by my long austerity.
12.82.39
बहुनक्रझषग्राहां तिमिंगिलगणैर्युताम् ।
काकेन वालिशेनेमामतार्षमहमापगाम् ॥ १२.८२.३९ ॥
This river, full of many crocodiles, fish and sharks, filled with hosts of timingilas, I crossed with that foolish crow.
12.82.40
स्थाण्वश्मकण्टकवर्तीं सिंह व्याघ्रसमाकुलाम् ।
दुरासदां दुष्प्रसहां गुहां हैमवतीमिव। ॥ १२.८२.४० ॥
Like a cave of the Himālaya, its path beset with stumps, stones and thorns, thronged with lions and tigers, hard to approach and hard to endure.
12.82.41
अग्निना तामसं दुर्गं नौभिराप्यं च गम्यते ।
राजदुर्गावतरणे नोपायं पण्डिता विदुः ॥ १२.८२.४१ ॥
A dark fortress is crossed by fire, and reached by boats by water; but the wise know no means of descending into a king's fortress.
12.82.42
गहनं भवतो राज्यमन्धकारं तमोन्वितम् ।
नेह विश्वसितुं शक्यं भवताऽपि कुतो मया ॥ १२.८२.४२ ॥
Your kingdom is dense, full of darkness and gloom; here trust is not possible, not even in you, how then in me?
12.82.43
अतो नायं शुभो वासस्तुल्ये सदसती इह ।
वधो ह्येवात्र सुकृते दुष्कृते न च संशयः ॥ १२.८२.४३ ॥
Therefore here the good and the bad are alike, and there is no auspicious dwelling. Here, for the righteous doer and for the wicked doer alike, there is surely death; of this there is no doubt.
12.82.44
न्यायतो दुष्कृते घातः सुकृते न कथनम् ।
नेह युक्तं स्थिरं स्थातुं जवेनैवाव्रजेद्वुधः ॥ १२.८२.४४ ॥
Justly, the wicked is struck down, and there is no mention of the righteous. It is not fitting to remain here steadily; the wise one should depart swiftly.
12.82.45
सीता नाम नदी राजन्प्लवो यस्यां निमज्जति ।
तयोपमामिमां मन्ये वागुरां सर्वधातिनीम् ॥ १२.८२.४५ ॥
O king, there is a river named Sītā, in which a raft sinks. By it I compare this (your condition); I consider it a snare that destroys everything.
12.82.46
मधुप्रपातो हि भवान्भोजनं विषसंयुतम् ।
असतामिव ते भावो वर्तते न सतामिव ॥ १२.८२.४६ ॥
You are like one falling into honey, and your food is mixed with poison. Your disposition is like that of the wicked, not like that of the good.
12.82.47
आशीविषैः परिवृतः कूपस्त्वमसि पार्थिव ॥ १२.८२.४७ ॥
O king, you are like a well surrounded by venomous snakes.
12.82.48
दुर्गतीर्था बृहत्कूला कावेरी चोरसंयुता ।
नदी मधुरपानीया यथा राजंस्तथा भवान्।
श्वगृध्रगोमायुयुतो राजहंससमो ह्यसि ॥ १२.८२.४८ ॥
Like the Kāverī river with its difficult fords and great banks, a river with sweet water, so, O king, are you. Though accompanied by dogs, vultures and jackals, you are like a royal swan.
12.82.49
यथाऽऽश्रित्य महावृक्षं कक्षः संवर्धते महान् ।
ततस्तं संवृणोत्येव तमतीत्य च वर्धते ॥ १२.८२.४९ ॥
As a great thicket grows by relying on a great tree, then it covers that very tree, and grows beyond it.
12.82.50
तेनैवोग्रेन्धनेनैनं दावो दहति दारुणः ।
तथोपमा ह्यमात्यास्ते राजंस्तान्परिशोधय ॥ १२.८२.५० ॥
By that very fierce fuel, a terrible forest fire burns it. Likewise, O king, those ministers are the comparison; examine them thoroughly and purify them.
12.82.51
त्वया चैव कृता राजन्भवता परिपालिताः ।
भवन्तं पर्यवज्ञाय जिघांसन्ति भवत्प्रियम् ॥ १२.८२.५१ ॥
By you indeed they were made, O king, and by you they were protected; yet, despising you, they desire to kill your beloved one.
12.82.52
उषितं शङ्कमानेन प्रमादं परिरक्षता ।
अन्तः सर्प इवागारे वीरपत्न्या इवालये।
शीलं जिज्ञासमानेन राज्ञः साहसजीविनः ॥ १२.८२.५२ ॥
One who dwells in watchful suspicion, guarding against carelessness, as one would in a house with a snake within, or in the dwelling of a hero's wife, desiring to know the character of a king who lives by daring.
12.82.53
कच्चिज्जितेन्द्रियो राजा कच्चिदस्यान्तरा जिताः ।
कच्चिदेषां प्रियो राजा कच्चिद्राज्ञः प्रियाः प्रजाः ॥ १२.८२.५३ ॥
Has the king conquered his senses? Have his inner enemies been conquered? Is the king dear to these? Are the subjects dear to the king?
12.82.54
विजिज्ञासुरिह प्राप्तस्तवाहं राजसत्तम ।
तस्य मे रोचते राजन्क्षुधितस्येव भोजनम् ॥ १२.८२.५४ ॥
O best of kings, desiring to know you, I have come here. O king, that pleases me as food pleases one who is hungry.
12.82.55
अमात्या मे न रोचन्ते वितृष्णस्य यथोदकम् ।
भवतोऽर्थकृदित्येवं मयि ते दोषमादधन्।
विद्यते कारणं नान्यदिति मे नात्र संशयः ॥ १२.८२.५५ ॥
My ministers do not please me, as water does not please one who has no thirst. Being those who serve your purpose, they place the fault upon me. There is no other reason; of this I have no doubt.
12.82.56
न हि तेषामहं द्रोग्धा तत्तेषां द्रोहवद्गतम् ।
अरेर्हि दुर्हृदाद्भेयं भग्नपृष्ठादिवोरगात् ॥ १२.८२.५६ ॥
I am not their betrayer; their betrayal has come back upon them. One must beware of an enemy, of one ill-hearted, as of a snake with a broken back.
12.82.57
भूयसा परिहारेण सत्कारेण च भूयसा ।
पूजितो ब्राह्मणश्रेष्ठ भूयो वस गृहे मम ॥ १२.८२.५७ ॥
Honored with great respect and great hospitality, best of brahmins, dwell again in my house.
12.82.58
ये त्वां ब्राह्मण नेच्छन्ति ते न वत्स्यन्ति मे गृहे ।
भवतैव हि तज्ज्ञेयं यत्तदेषामनन्तरम् ॥ १२.८२.५८ ॥
Brahmin, those who do not desire you will not dwell in my house. You yourself must know what follows after them.
12.82.59
यथा स्यात्सुधृतो दण्डो यथा च सुकृतं कृतम् ।
तथा समीक्ष्य भगवञ्श्रेयसे विनियुङ्क्ष्व माम् ॥ १२.८२.५९ ॥
Having considered how the rod of punishment may be well upheld and what good has been done may be done rightly, O revered one, appoint me for the sake of the good.
12.82.60
अदर्शयन्निमं दोषमेकैकं दुर्बलं कुरु ।
ततः कारणमाज्ञाय पुरुषंपुरुषं जहि।
एकदोषा हि बहवो मृद्गीयुरपि कण्टकान् ॥ १२.८२.६० ॥
Showing this fault, make each one weak. Then, knowing the cause, strike down man after man. Even many thorns, each with one fault, may be crushed underfoot.
12.82.61
अर्थे सर्वं जगद्वद्धमर्थेनैव निबध्यते ।
अर्थे दर्पो मनुष्याणां तस्मादर्थं विरोचय ॥ १२.८२.६१ ॥
All the world is bound by wealth, and by wealth alone is it bound. Pride among men lies in wealth; therefore, cultivate wealth.
12.82.62
एकेनैकस्य दोषेण तद्विरुद्धं प्रचोदय ।
स तस्य दोषानुद्भाव्य तस्यार्थं ग्राहयिष्यति ॥ १२.८२.६२ ॥
Stir one man against another by a single one of his faults. Having exposed his faults, he will make him surrender his wealth.
12.82.63
सामपूर्वं च केषांचिद्भेदेन च परस्परम् ।
वैरं कारय भूपाल पश्चाद्दण्डं प्रचोदय ॥ १२.८२.६३ ॥
With some, begin with conciliation, then by sowing division cause enmity among them. O protector of the earth, afterwards set punishment in motion.
12.82.64
बिल्वेन च यथा बिल्वमाकारं छाद्य बुद्धिमान् ।
अशुद्धं सचिवं राजन्नशुद्धेनैव नाशय ॥ १२.८२.६४ ॥
Just as one bilva fruit conceals the form of another bilva fruit, so, O king, the wise man should destroy an impure minister by means of an impure device.
12.82.65
मन्त्रभेदभयाद्राजंस्तस्मादेतद्ब्रवीमि ते ॥ १२.८२.६५ ॥
O king, out of fear of the disclosure of counsel, therefore I tell you this.
12.82.66
वयं तु ब्राह्मणा नाम मृदुदण्डाः कृपालवः ।
स्वस्ति चेच्छाम भवतः परेषां च यथाऽऽत्मनः ॥ १२.८२.६६ ॥
We, however, are brahmins, mild in punishment and compassionate. We wish well-being for you, for others, and for ourselves alike.
12.82.67
राजन्नात्मानमाचक्षे संबन्धी भवतो ह्यहम् ।
मुनिः कालकवृक्षीय इत्येवमभिसंज्ञितः।
पितुः सखा च भवतः संमतः सत्यसंगरः ॥ १२.८२.६७ ॥
O king, I declare myself to be your kinsman. I am called the sage of the Kālakavṛkṣa line. I was a friend of your father, esteemed by you, keeper of true vows.
12.82.68
व्यापन्ने भवतो राज्ये राजन्पितरि संस्थिते ।
सर्वकामान्परित्यज्य तपस्तप्तं तदा मया ॥ १२.८२.६८ ॥
O king, when your kingdom was ruined and your father had passed away, then I, abandoning all desires, performed austerities.
12.82.69
स्नेहात्त्वां तु ब्रवीम्येतन्मा भूयो विभ्रो दिति ॥ १२.८२.६९ ॥
Out of affection I tell you this: do not again fall into delusion, O son of Diti.
12.82.70
उभे दृष्ट्वा दुःखसुखे राज्यं प्राप्य यदृच्छया ।
राज्येनामात्यसंस्थेन कथं राजन्प्रमाद्यसि ॥ १२.८२.७० ॥
Having seen both pain and pleasure, and having obtained the kingdom by chance, how, O king, do you become careless with a kingdom resting on your ministers?
12.82.71
ततो राजकुले नान्दी संजज्ञे भूयसा पुनः ।
पुरोहितकुले चैव संप्राप्ते ब्राह्मणर्षभे ॥ १२.८२.७१ ॥
Then in the royal family a great auspicious benediction (nāndī) arose again, and in the family of the priest too, when the best of brahmins had arrived.
12.82.72
एकच्छत्रां महीं कृत्वा कौसल्याय यशस्विने ।
मुनिः कालकवृक्षीय ईजे क्रतुभिरुत्तमैः ॥ १२.८२.७२ ॥
Having made the earth one-umbrellaed for the glorious Kauśalya, the sage of the Kālakavṛkṣa line performed sacrifice with excellent rites.
12.82.73
हितं तद्वचनं श्रुत्वा कौसल्योऽप्यजयन्महीम् ।
तथा च कृतवान्राजा यथोक्तं तेन भारत ॥ १२.८२.७३ ॥
Having heard that beneficial counsel, Kauśalya too conquered the earth, and, O Bhārata, the king did just as he had been told.