Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.90
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12.90.1
यानङ्गिराः क्षत्रधर्मानुतथ्यो ब्रह्मवित्तमः ।
मान्धात्रे यौवनाश्चाय प्रीतिमानभ्यभाषत ॥ १२.९०.१ ॥
Utathya, the best knower of Brahman, gladly spoke to Māndhātṛ, son of Yauvanāśva, the kṣatriya duties that Aṅgiras had taught him.
12.90.2
स यथाऽनुशशासैनमुतथ्यो ब्रह्मवित्तमः ।
तत्तेऽहं संप्रवक्ष्यामि निखिलेन युधिष्ठिर ॥ १२.९०.२ ॥
As Utathya, the best knower of the Veda, instructed him, so I will tell you all of it fully, O Yudhiṣṭhira.
12.90.3
धर्माय राजा भवति न कामकरणाय तु ।
मान्धातरभिजानीहि राजा लोकस्य रक्षिता ॥ १२.९०.३ ॥
A king exists for the sake of dharma, not for doing whatever he pleases. Know this, Māndhātṛ: the king is the protector of the world.
12.90.4
राजा चरति चेद्धर्मं देवत्वायैव कल्पते ।
स चेदधर्मं चरति नरकायैव गच्छति ॥ १२.९०.४ ॥
If a king conducts himself in dharma, he becomes fit for divinity; but if he conducts himself in adharma, he goes only to hell.
12.90.5
धर्मे तिष्ठन्ति भूतानि धर्मो राजनि तिष्ठाति ।
तं राजा साधु यः शास्ति स राजा श्रियमश्नुते ॥ १२.९०.५ ॥
Creatures stand firm in dharma, and dharma stands firm in the king. The king who rules it well attains prosperity.
12.90.6
राजापराधान्मान्धातर्लक्ष्मीवान्पाप उच्यते ।
देवाश्च गर्हां गच्छन्ति धर्मो नास्तीति चोच्यते ॥ १२.९०.६ ॥
Māndhātṛ, through the king's offence he is called sinful even if he is prosperous; the gods also censure him, and it is said that there is no dharma in him.
12.90.7
अधर्मे वर्तमानानामर्थसिद्धिः प्रदृश्यते ।
तदेव मङ्गलं लोकः सर्वः समनुवर्तते ॥ १२.९०.७ ॥
Among those who act in unrighteousness, the accomplishment of aims is seen; that very thing is taken as auspicious, and all the world follows after it.
12.90.8
उच्छिद्यते धर्मवृत्तमधर्मो वर्तते महान् ।
भयमाहुर्दिवारात्रं यदा पापा न वार्यते ॥ १२.९०.८ ॥
The conduct of dharma is uprooted, and great unrighteousness prevails. They say there is fear day and night when the wicked are not restrained.
12.90.9
इदं मम इदं नेति साधूनां तात धर्मतः ।
न वै व्यवस्था भवति यदा पापो न वार्यते ॥ १२.९०.९ ॥
Dear son, among the good, by dharma, there is no distinction of 'this is mine, this is not mine.' When the wicked is not restrained, no order remains.
12.90.10
नैव भार्या न पशवो न क्षेत्रं न निवेशनम् ।
संदृश्येत मनुष्याणां यदा पापबलं भवेत् ॥ १२.९०.१० ॥
When the strength of the wicked grows, among men neither wife nor cattle nor field nor dwelling would be seen.
12.90.11
देवाः पूजां न जानन्ति न स्वधां पितरस्तदा ।
न पूज्यन्ते ह्यतिथयो यदा पापो न वार्यते ॥ १२.९०.११ ॥
When the wicked is not restrained, the gods do not know worship, the ancestors do not know the svadhā offering, and guests are not honoured.
12.90.12
न वेदानधिगच्छन्ति व्रतवन्तो द्विजातयः ।
न यज्ञांस्तन्वते विप्रा यदा पापो न वार्यते ॥ १२.९०.१२ ॥
When the wicked is not restrained, twice-born men who keep vows do not attain the Vedas, and learned brahmins do not perform sacrifices.
12.90.13
वध्यानामिव सत्वानां मनो भवति विह्वलम् ।
मनुष्याणां महाराज यदा पापो न वार्यते ॥ १२.९०.१३ ॥
Great king, when the wicked man is not restrained, the minds of men become agitated, like those of creatures about to be slain.
12.90.14
उभौ लोकावभिप्रेक्ष्य राजानमसृजंस्तथा ।
मुनयोऽथ महद्भूतमयं धर्मो भविष्यति ॥ १२.९०.१४ ॥
Having looked upon both worlds, the sages created a king; this great being will become dharma.
12.90.15
यस्मिन्धर्मो विराजेत तं राजानं प्रचक्षते ।
यस्मिन्विलीयते धर्मस्तं देवा वृषलं विदुः ॥ १२.९०.१५ ॥
The one in whom dharma shines is called a king; the one in whom dharma dissolves, the gods know as a vṛṣala.
12.90.16
वृषो हि भगवान्धर्मो यस्तस्य कुरुते लयम् ।
वृषलं तं वीवदुर्देवास्तस्माद्धर्मं न लोपयेत् ॥ १२.९०.१६ ॥
Dharma is indeed the bull, the blessed one; he who brings about its dissolution, the gods call a vṛṣala. Therefore one should not destroy dharma.
12.90.17
धर्मे वर्धति वर्धन्ति सर्वभूतानि सर्वदा ।
तस्मिन्ह्रसति हीयन्ते तस्माद्धर्मं विवर्धयेत् ॥ १२.९०.१७ ॥
When dharma grows, all beings always grow; when it declines, they decline. Therefore one should increase dharma.
12.90.18
धनानि स्पौति धर्मो हि धारणाद्वेति निश्चयः ।
मानवान मनुष्येन्द्र स सीमान्तकरः स्मृतः ॥ १२.९०.१८ ॥
Dharma nourishes wealth, for by upholding it is the certain belief. Lord of men, he is remembered as the maker of the boundary of men.
12.90.19
प्रभवार्थंमहि भूतानां धर्मः सृष्टः स्वयंभुवा ।
तस्मात्प्रवर्धयेद्धर्मं प्रजानुग्रहकारणात् ॥ १२.९०.१९ ॥
For the prosperity of beings, Dharma was created by the Self-existent One; therefore one should promote Dharma out of favour toward the subjects.
12.90.20
तस्माद्धि राजशार्दूल धर्मः श्रेष्ठतरः स्मृतः ।
स राजायः प्रजाः शास्ति साधुकृत्पुरुषर्षभ ॥ १२.९०.२० ॥
Therefore, tiger among kings, Dharma is held to be the highest; the king who governs the subjects should be one who does good, best of men.
12.90.21
कामक्रोधावनादृत्य धर्ममेवानुपालयेत् ।
धर्मः श्रेयस्करतमो राज्ञां भरतसत्तम ॥ १२.९०.२१ ॥
Disregarding desire and anger, one should uphold Dharma alone; Dharma is the most beneficial for kings, best of the Bharatas.
12.90.22
धर्मस्य ब्राह्मणे योनिस्तस्मात्तान्पूजयेत्सदा ।
ब्राह्मणानां च मान्धातः कुर्यात्कामानमत्सरी ॥ १२.९०.२२ ॥
The source of Dharma is in the brahmin; therefore one should always honour them. O Māndhātṛ, one should fulfil the desires of brahmins without envy.
12.90.23
तेषां ह्यकामकरणाद्राज्ञः संजायते भयम् ।
मित्राणि न च वर्धन्ते तथाऽमित्रीभवन्त्यपि ॥ १२.९०.२३ ॥
From not fulfilling their wishes, fear arises for the king; friends do not grow, and even friends become enemies.
12.90.24
ब्राह्मणानां सदासूयन्बाल्याद्वैरोचनिर्बलिः ।
अथास्माच्छ्रीरपाक्रामद्याऽस्मिन्नासीत्प्रतापिनी ॥ १२.९०.२४ ॥
Bali, son of Virocana, who in youthful folly always envied the brahmins, then saw the mighty splendour that had been in him depart from him.
12.90.25
ततस्तस्मादपाक्रम्य साऽगच्छत्पाकशासनम् ।
अथ सोऽन्वतपत्पश्चाच्छ्रियं दृष्ट्वा पुरंदरे ॥ १२.९०.२५ ॥
Then, having departed from him, she went to Pākaśāsana (Indra). Afterwards, seeing Śrī in Purandara, he grieved.
12.90.26
एतत्फलमसूयाया अभिमानस्य चाभिभो ।
तस्माद्बुध्यस्व मान्धातर्मा त्वां जह्यात्प्रतापिनी ॥ १२.९०.२६ ॥
O overpowerer, this is the fruit of envy and arrogance. Therefore, understand this, O Māndhātṛ, lest the splendid one abandon you.
12.90.27
दर्पोनाम श्रियः पुत्रो जज्ञेऽधर्मादिति श्रुतिः ।
तेन देवासुरा राजन्नीताः सुबहवोऽव्ययम् ॥ १२.९०.२७ ॥
Tradition says that Darpa, the son of Śrī, was born from unrighteousness. O king, by him many gods and demons were led astray.
12.90.28
राजर्षयश्च बहवस्तथा बुध्यस्व पार्थिव ।
राजा भवति तं जित्वा दासस्तेन पराजितः ॥ १२.९०.२८ ॥
Many royal sages likewise fell. O king, understand this: he who conquers him becomes a king, and he who is defeated by him becomes a slave.
12.90.29
स यथा दर्पसहितमधर्मं नानुसेवते ।
तथा वर्तस्व मान्धातश्चिरं चेत्स्थातुमिच्छसि ॥ १२.९०.२९ ॥
Just as he does not pursue unrighteousness accompanied by pride, so conduct yourself, O Māndhātṛ, if you wish to remain long.
12.90.30
मत्तात्प्रमत्तात्पौगण्डादुन्मत्ताच्च विशेषतः ।
निन्दिताच्चासदाचाराद्दुर्हृदां चापि सेवनात् ॥ १२.९०.३० ॥
From the intoxicated, from the careless, from the immature boy, and especially from the mad, from the despised and the man of wicked conduct, and from keeping company with ill-wishers, [be wary].
12.90.31
निगृहीतादमात्याच्च स्त्रीभ्यश्चैव विशेषतः ।
पर्वताद्विषमाद्दुर्गाद्धस्तिनोऽश्वात्सरीसृपात् ॥ १२.९०.३१ ॥
Beware of a restrained minister, and especially of women, of mountains, rough ground and fortresses, of elephants, horses and creeping reptiles.
12.90.32
एतेभ्योऽनित्ययुक्तः स्यान्नक्तं चर्यां च वर्जयेत् ।
अत्याशां चाभिमानं च दम्भं क्रोधं च वर्जयेत् ॥ १२.९०.३२ ॥
He should always be wary of these, avoid roaming at night, and give up excessive hope, pride, deceit and anger.
12.90.33
अविज्ञातासु च स्त्रीषु क्लीबासु स्वैरिणीषु च ।
परभार्यासु कन्यासु नाचरेन्मैथुनं नृप ॥ १२.९०.३३ ॥
O king, one should not engage in sexual union with unknown women, eunuchs, women of free conduct, another's wife, or maidens.
12.90.34
कुलेषु पापरक्षांसि जायन्ते वर्णसंकरात् ।
अपुमांसोऽङ्गहीनाश्च स्थूलजिह्वा विचेतसः ॥ १२.९०.३४ ॥
From the mixing of the social orders, sinful rakshasas are born in families: the unmanly, the limbless, the thick-tongued, and the senseless.
12.90.35
एते चान्ये च जायन्ते यदा राजा प्रमाद्यति ।
तस्माद्राज्ञा विशेषेणं वर्तितव्यं प्रजाहिते ॥ १२.९०.३५ ॥
These and others are born when the king becomes negligent; therefore the king must especially conduct himself for the welfare of his subjects.
12.90.36
क्षत्रियस्य प्रमत्तस्य दोषः संजायते महान् ।
अधर्माः संप्रवर्धन्ते प्रजासंकरकारकाः ॥ १२.९०.३६ ॥
A great fault arises in a negligent kshatriya; unrighteous deeds grow, causing the mixing of the subjects.
12.90.37
अशीते विद्यते शीतं शीते शीतं न विद्यते ।
अवृष्टिरतिवृष्टिश्च व्याधिश्चाप्याविशेत्प्रजाः ॥ १२.९०.३७ ॥
In the cold season there is no cold, and where there is no cold, cold is found; drought, excessive rain and disease will enter the people.
12.90.38
नक्षत्राण्युपतिष्ठन्ति ग्रहा घोरास्तथागते ।
उत्पाताश्चात्र दृश्यन्ते बहवो राजनाशनाः ॥ १२.९०.३८ ॥
The lunar mansions draw near, and terrible planets likewise; here many portents are seen that bring ruin to kings.
12.90.39
अरक्षितात्मा यो राजा प्रजाश्चापि न रक्षति ।
प्रजाश्च तस्य क्षीयन्ते ततः सोऽनु विनश्यति ॥ १२.९०.३९ ॥
The king who does not protect himself and does not protect his subjects — his subjects waste away, and then he himself perishes.
12.90.40
द्वावाददाते ह्येकस्य द्वयोः सुबहवोऽपरे ।
कुमार्यः संप्रलुप्यन्ते तदाहुर्नृपदूषणम् ॥ १२.९०.४० ॥
From one they take two, from two many others; maidens are seized — this, they say, is a fault of the king.
12.90.41
ममैतदिति नैतच्च मनुष्येष्ववतिष्ठति ।
त्यक्त्वा धर्मं यदा राजा प्रमादमनुतिष्ठित ॥ १२.९०.४१ ॥
The notion "this is mine" does not stay among men when the king, abandoning dharma, follows negligence.