Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 13.101
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13.101.1
दह्यमानाय विप्राय यः प्रयच्छत्युपानहौ ।
यत्फलं तस्य भवति तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥ १३.१०१.१ ॥
Yudhiṣṭhira said: The one who gives sandals to a brahmin who is burning, what fruit comes to him? Tell me that, grandsire.
13.101.2
उपानहौ प्रयच्छेद्यो ब्राह्मणेभ्यः समाहितः ।
मर्दते कण्टकान्सर्वान्विषमान्निस्तरत्यपि ॥ १३.१०१.२ ॥
Bhīṣma said: He who with composed mind gives sandals to brahmins tramples down all thorns and crosses even rough and uneven ground.
13.101.3
स शत्रूणामुपरि च सन्तिष्ठति युधिष्ठिर ।
यानं चाश्वतरीयुक्तं तस्य शुभ्रं विशाम्पते ॥ १३.१०१.३ ॥
Yudhiṣṭhira, he stands above his enemies, and a bright vehicle yoked to mules, lord of the people, is his.
13.101.4
उपतिष्ठति कौन्तेय रौप्यकाञ्चनभूषितम् ।
शकटं दम्यसंयुक्तं दत्तं भवति चैव हि ॥ १३.१०१.४ ॥
Son of Kuntī, a cart adorned with silver and gold, yoked to tamed animals, comes to him, for it becomes a gift that has been given.
13.101.5
यत्फलं तिलदाने च भूमिदाने च कीर्तितम् ।
गोदाने चान्नदाने च भूयस्तद्ब्रूहि कौरव ॥ १३.१०१.५ ॥
Tell me again, descendant of Kuru, the fruit that has been declared for the gift of sesame, the gift of land, the gift of cows, and the gift of food.
13.101.6
शृणुष्व मम कौन्तैय तिलदानस्य यत्फलम् ।
निशम्य च यथान्यायं प्रयच्छ कुरुसत्तम ॥ १३.१०१.६ ॥
Son of Kuntī, listen from me to the fruit of the gift of sesame. Best of the Kurus, having heard it, give rightly according to the rule.
13.101.7
पितॄणां प्रथमं भोज्यं तिलाः सृष्टाः स्वयंभुवा ।
तिलदानेन वै तस्मात्पितृपक्षः प्रमोदते ॥ १३.१०१.७ ॥
Sesame seeds, created by the Self-existent one, are the first food of the ancestors; therefore the ancestral fortnight rejoices at the gift of sesame.
13.101.8
माघमासे तिलान्यस्तु ब्राह्मणेभ्यः प्रयच्छति ।
सर्वसत्वसमाकीर्णं नरकं स न पश्यति ॥ १३.१०१.८ ॥
He who gives sesame to brahmins in the month of Māgha does not see hell, crowded with all kinds of beings.
13.101.9
सर्वसत्रैश्च यजते यस्तिलैर्यजते पितॄन् ।
न चाकामेन दातव्यं तिलैः श्राद्धं कदाचन ॥ १३.१०१.९ ॥
He who worships with all the sattra sacrifices, and who worships the ancestors with sesame — yet sesame śrāddha should never be given by one who is not free of desire.
13.101.10
महर्षेः कश्यपस्यैते गात्रेभ्यः प्रसृतास्तिलाः ।
ततो दिव्यं गता भावं प्रदानेषु तिलाः प्रभो ॥ १३.१०१.१० ॥
These sesame seeds sprang from the limbs of the great sage Kaśyapa; then, O lord, in gifts the sesame attained a divine state.
13.101.11
पौष्टिका रूपदाश्चैव तथा पापविनाशनाः ।
तस्मात्सर्वप्रदानेभ्यस्तिलदानं विशिष्यते ॥ १३.१०१.११ ॥
Sesame nourishes, bestows beauty, and destroys sin; therefore the gift of sesame excels among all gifts.
13.101.12
आपस्तम्बश्च मेधावी शङ्खश्च लिखितस्तथा ।
महर्षिर्गौतमश्चापि तिलदानैर्दिवं गताः ॥ १३.१०१.१२ ॥
The wise Āpastamba, Śaṅkha, Likhita, and the great sage Gautama also went to heaven through gifts of sesame.
13.101.13
तिलहोमरता विप्राः सर्वे संयतमैथुनाः ।
समा गव्येन हविषा प्रवृत्तिषु च संस्थिताः ॥ १३.१०१.१३ ॥
All the brahmins who are devoted to the sesame oblation, restrained and abstaining from sexual union, stand equal in the oblation of clarified butter, and steadfast in their undertakings.
13.101.14
सर्वेषामिति दानानां तिलदानं विशिष्यते ।
अक्षयं सर्वदानानां तिलदानमिहोच्यते ॥ १३.१०१.१४ ॥
Of all gifts, the gift of sesame is declared to be the most distinguished; here it is said that among all gifts the gift of sesame is imperishable.
13.101.15
उच्छिन्ने तु पुरा हव्ये कुशिकर्षिः परन्तपः ।
तिलैरग्नित्रयं हुत्वा प्राप्तवान्गतिमुत्तमाम् ॥ १३.१०१.१५ ॥
Long ago, when the oblations had been cut off, the sage Kuśika, scorcher of foes, offered sesame into the three fires and attained the supreme goal.
13.101.16
इति प्रोक्तं कुरुश्रेष्ठ तिलदानमनुत्तमम् ।
विधानं येन विधिना तिलानामिह शस्यते ॥ १३.१०१.१६ ॥
Thus, best of the Kurus, the unsurpassed gift of sesame has been declared, and the rule by which the procedure for sesame is praised here.
13.101.17
अत ऊर्ध्वं निबोधेदं देवानां यष्टुमिच्छताम् ।
समागमे महाराज ब्रह्मणा वै स्वयंभुवा ॥ १३.१०१.१७ ॥
Now hear this further, great king: when the gods desired to sacrifice, at an assembly with the self-existent Brahmā, this occurred.
13.101.18
देवाः समेत्य ब्रह्माणं भूमिभागे यियश्रवः ।
शुभं देशमयाचन्त यजेम इति पार्थिव ॥ १३.१०१.१८ ॥
The gods, having approached Brahmā together, desiring to sacrifice, asked for an auspicious place in some part of the earth, saying: 'Let us sacrifice,' O king.
13.101.19
भगवंस्त्वं प्रभुर्भूमेः सर्वस्य त्रिदिवस्य च ।
यजेम हि महाभाग यज्ञं भवदनुज्ञया ॥ १३.१०१.१९ ॥
O blessed one, you are the lord of the earth, of the three heavens, and of all. O greatly fortunate one, with your permission we shall perform the sacrifice.
13.101.20
नाननुज्ञातभूमिर्हि यज्ञस्य फलमश्नुते ।
त्वं हि सर्वस्य जगतः स्थावरस्य चरस्य च।
प्रभुर्भवसि तस्मात्त्वं समनुज्ञातुमर्हसि ॥ १३.१०१.२० ॥
For the fruit of a sacrifice is not obtained on land whose use has not been granted. You are indeed the lord of the whole world, both the immobile and the mobile; therefore you should grant permission.
13.101.21
ददानि मेदिनीभागं भवद्भ्योऽहं सुरर्षभाः ।
यस्मिन्देशे करिष्यध्वं यज्ञान्काश्यपनन्दनाः ॥ १३.१०१.२१ ॥
O best of gods, I give you a portion of the earth. O sons of Kaśyapa, in whatever region you perform sacrifices, that shall be yours.
13.101.22
भगवन्कृतकामाः स्म यक्ष्महे स्वाप्तदक्षिणैः ।
इमं तु देशं मुनयः पर्युपासन्ति नित्यदा ॥ १३.१०१.२२ ॥
O blessed one, our desire is fulfilled; we shall sacrifice with well-obtained fees. But this place is always attended upon by sages.
13.101.23
ततोऽगस्त्यश्च कण्वश्च भृगुरत्रिर्वृषाकपिः ।
असितो देवलश्चैव देवयज्ञमुपागमन् ॥ १३.१०१.२३ ॥
Then Agastya, Kaṇva, Bhṛgu, Atri, Vṛṣākapi, Asita, and Devala also came to the sacrifice of the gods.
13.101.24
ततो देवा महात्मान ईजिरे यज्ञमच्युतम् ।
तथा समापयामासुर्यथाकालं सुरर्षभाः ॥ १३.१०१.२४ ॥
Then the great-souled gods performed the sacrifice to Acyuta, and the best of gods completed it in due time.
13.101.25
त इष्टयज्ञास्त्रिदशा हिमवत्यचलोत्तमे ।
षष्ठमंशं क्रतोस्तस्य भूमिदानं प्रचक्रिरे। ॥ १३.१०१.२५ ॥
Having completed their sacrifices, those thirty gods on the best of mountains, the Himālaya, made the gift of land as the sixth share of that sacrifice.
13.101.26
प्रादेशमात्रं भूमेस्तु यो दद्यादनुपस्कृतम् ।
न सीदति स कृच्छ्रेषु न च दुर्गाण्यवाप्नुते ॥ १३.१०१.२६ ॥
He who gives even a span's width of unimproved land does not sink into hardships, nor does he meet with dangers.
13.101.27
शीतवातातपसहां यागभूमिं सुसंस्कृताम् ।
प्रदाय सुरलोकस्थः पुण्यान्तेऽपि न चाल्यते ॥ १३.१०१.२७ ॥
Having given a well-prepared sacrificial ground that endures cold, wind and heat, one dwelling in the world of the gods is not moved even when his merit is exhausted.
13.101.28
मुदितो वसति प्राज्ञः शक्रेण सह पार्थिव ।
पतिश्रयप्रदानाच्च सोऽपि स्वर्गे महीयते ॥ १३.१०१.२८ ॥
O king, the wise man dwells joyfully together with Indra, and through giving a dwelling-place he too is honoured in heaven.
13.101.29
अध्यापककुले जातः श्रोत्रियो नियतेन्द्रियः ।
गृहे यस्य वसेत्तुष्टः प्रधानं लोकमश्नुते ॥ १३.१०१.२९ ॥
He in whose house a brahmin born in a family of teachers, learned in the Veda and self-controlled, dwells content, attains the highest world.
13.101.30
तथा गवार्थे शरणं शीतवर्षसहं दृढम् ।
आसप्तमं तारयति कुलं भरतसत्तम ॥ १३.१०१.३० ॥
Likewise, one who provides a firm shelter for cows, enduring cold and rain, delivers his family up to the seventh generation, O best of the Bharatas.
13.101.31
क्षेत्रभूमिं ददल्लोके शुभां श्रियमवाप्नुयात् ।
रत्नभूमिं प्रदद्यात्तु कुलवंशं प्रवर्धयेत् ॥ १३.१०१.३१ ॥
A man who gives field-land in the world obtains auspicious prosperity; one who gives a land of jewels causes his family lineage to flourish.
13.101.32
न चोषरां न निर्दग्धां महीं दद्यात्कथञ्चन ।
न श्मशानपरीतां च न च पापनिषेविताम् ॥ १३.१०१.३२ ॥
Barren land, scorched land, land surrounded by a cremation ground, or land frequented by sinners should by no means be given.
13.101.33
पारक्ये भूमिदेशे तु पितॄणां निर्वपेत्तु यः ।
तद्भूमिं वाऽपि पितृभिः श्राद्धकर्म विहन्यते ॥ १३.१०१.३३ ॥
He who offers to the ancestors on another's land—because of that land, the śrāddha rite is rendered void by the ancestors.
13.101.34
तस्मात्क्रीत्वा महीं दद्यात्स्वल्पामपि विचक्षणः ।
पिण्डः पितृभ्यो दत्तो वै तस्यां भवति शाश्वतः ॥ १३.१०१.३४ ॥
Therefore the wise man should buy even a small piece of land and give it away, for the piṇḍa offered to the ancestors on that land becomes eternal.
13.101.35
अटवी पर्वताश्चैव नद्यस्तीर्थानि यानि च ।
सर्वाण्यस्वामिकान्याद्दुर्न हि तत्र परिग्रहः ॥ १३.१०१.३५ ॥
Forests, mountains, rivers, and whatever sacred fords there are—all of these are ownerless; there is no possession of them.
13.101.36
इत्येतद्भूमिदानस्य फलमुक्तं विशाम्पते ।
अतः परं तु गोदानं कीर्तयिष्यामि तेऽनघ ॥ १३.१०१.३६ ॥
Thus, O lord of men, the fruit of the gift of land has been declared. Now, O sinless one, I shall proclaim to you the gift of cows.
13.101.37
गावोऽधिकास्तपस्विभ्यो यस्मात्सर्वेभ्य एव च ।
तस्मान्महेश्वरो देवस्तपस्ताभिः सहास्थितः ॥ १३.१०१.३७ ॥
Cows are greater than ascetics and greater than all others; therefore the great lord Maheśvara dwelt with them and practised austerity.
13.101.38
ब्राह्मे लोके वसन्त्येताः सोमेन सह भारत ।
यां तां ब्रह्मर्षयः सिद्धाः प्रार्थयन्ति परां गतिम् ॥ १३.१०१.३८ ॥
O Bhārata, these dwell in the Brahmā-world together with Soma, the supreme goal which the brahmarṣis and the perfected beings desire.
13.101.39
पयसा हविषा दध्ना शकृता चाथ चर्मणा ।
अस्थिभिश्चोपकुर्वन्ति शृङ्गैर्वालैश्च भारत ॥ १३.१०१.३९ ॥
O Bhārata, they benefit people with milk, clarified butter, curds, dung, hide, bones, horns and hair.
13.101.40
नासां शीतातपौ स्यातां सदैताः कर्म कुर्वते ।
न वर्षविषयं वाऽपि दुःखमासां भवत्युत ॥ १३.१०१.४० ॥
Cold and heat do not always afflict them; these keep performing their duties, and no suffering connected with the rains befalls them.
13.101.41
ब्राह्मणैः सहिता यान्ति तस्मात्पारमकं पदम् ।
एकं गोब्राह्मणं तस्मात्प्रवदन्ति मनीषिणः ॥ १३.१०१.४१ ॥
Accompanied by brahmins they go; therefore that is the supreme abode. For this reason the wise declare the cow and the brahmin to be one.
13.101.42
रन्तिदेवस्य यज्ञे ताः पशुत्वेनोपकल्पिताः ।
अतश्चर्मण्वती राजन्गोचर्मभ्यः प्रवर्तिता।
पशुत्वाच्च विनिर्मुक्ताः प्रदानायोपकल्पिताः ॥ १३.१०१.४२ ॥
At the sacrifice of Rantideva they were designated as sacrificial animals; hence, O king, the river Carmaṇvatī flowed from the hides of the cows. Freed from being sacrificial animals, they were set apart for giving as gifts.
13.101.43
ता इमा विप्रमुख्येभ्यो यो ददाति महीपते ।
निस्तरेदापदं कृच्छ्रां विषमस्थोऽपि पार्थिव ॥ १३.१०१.४३ ॥
O lord of the earth, whoever gives these cows to the foremost brahmins crosses over grievous calamity, even when he stands in a perilous state.
13.101.44
गवां सहस्रदः प्रेत्य नरकं न प्रपद्यते ।
सर्वत्र विजयं चापि लभते मनुजाधिप ॥ १३.१०१.४४ ॥
He who gives a thousand cows does not enter hell after death; O lord of men, he obtains victory everywhere.
13.101.45
अमृतं वै गवां क्षीरमित्याह त्रिदशाधिपः ।
तस्माद्ददाति यो धेनुममृतं स प्रयच्छति ॥ १३.१०१.४५ ॥
The lord of the thirty gods has said: the milk of cows is indeed nectar; therefore, whoever gives a milch cow bestows nectar.
13.101.46
अग्नीनामव्ययं ह्येतद्धौम्यं वेदविदो विदुः ।
तस्माद्ददाति यो धेनुं स हौम्यं सम्प्रयच्छति ॥ १३.१०१.४६ ॥
The knowers of the Veda know that this is the imperishable oblation of the fires; therefore, whoever gives a cow bestows the oblation in full.
13.101.47
स्वर्गो वै मूर्तिमानेष वृषभं यो गवां पतिम् ।
विप्रे गुणयुते दद्यात्स वै स्वर्गे महीयते ॥ १३.१०१.४७ ॥
This bull, lord of the cows, is heaven embodied; whoever gives it to a virtuous brahmin is honoured in heaven.
13.101.48
प्राणा वै प्राणिनामेते प्रोच्यन्ते भरतर्षभ ।
तस्माद्ददाति यो धेनुं प्राणानेष प्रयच्छति ॥ १३.१०१.४८ ॥
O bull of the Bharatas, these are declared to be the life-breaths of living beings; therefore, whoever gives a cow bestows life-breaths.
13.101.49
गावः शरण्या भूतानामिति वेदविदो विदुः ।
तस्माद्ददाति यो धेनुं शरणं सम्प्रयच्छति ॥ १३.१०१.४९ ॥
Cows are the refuge of beings, so the knowers of the Veda hold. Therefore he who gives a milch cow bestows refuge.
13.101.50
न वधार्थं प्रदातव्या न कीनाशे न नास्तिके ।
गोजीविने न दातव्या तथा गौर्भरतर्षभ।
गोरसानां न विक्रेतू रसं च यजनस्य च ॥ १३.१०१.५० ॥
Not to be given for slaughter, not to a butcher, nor to a non-believer. Not to one who lives by cows; likewise, O bull of the Bharatas, not to a seller of cow products, nor of the juice of sacrifice.
13.101.51
ददत्स तादृशानां वै नरो गां पापकर्मणाम् ।
अक्षयं नरकं यातीत्येवमाहुर्महर्षयः ॥ १३.१०१.५१ ॥
A man who gives a cow to such sinners goes to imperishable hell, so the great seers declare.
13.101.52
न कृशां नापवत्सां वा वन्ध्यां रोगान्वितां तथा ।
न व्यङ्गां न परिश्रान्तां दद्याद्गां ब्राह्मणाय वै ॥ १३.१०१.५२ ॥
One should not give a thin cow, one without a calf, a barren or diseased one, nor a deformed or exhausted cow, to a brahmin.
13.101.53
दशगोसहस्रदः सम्यक् शक्रेण सह मोदते ।
अक्षयाँल्लभते लोकान्नरः शतसहस्रशः ॥ १३.१०१.५३ ॥
A man who rightly gives ten thousand cows rejoices together with Indra and obtains imperishable worlds by hundreds of thousands.
13.101.54
इत्येतद्गोप्रदानं च तिलदानं च कीर्तितम् ।
तथा भूमिप्रदानं च शृणुष्वान्ने च भारत ॥ १३.१०१.५४ ॥
Thus the gift of cows and the gift of sesame have been declared. Likewise, O Bhārata, hear also of the gift of land and of food.
13.101.55
अन्नदानं प्रधानं हि कौन्तेय परिचक्षते ।
अन्नस्य हि प्रदानेन रन्तिदेवो दिवं गतः ॥ १३.१०१.५५ ॥
O son of Kuntī, the gift of food is declared to be supreme; by giving food Rantideva went to heaven.
13.101.56
श्रान्ताय क्षुधितायान्नं यः प्रयच्छति भूमिप ।
स्वायंभुवं महात्स्थानं स गच्छति नराधिप ॥ १३.१०१.५६ ॥
O king, he who gives food to the weary and the hungry, O lord of men, goes to the great abode of Svāyaṃbhuva.
13.101.57
न हिरण्यैर्न वासोभिर्नान्यदानेन भारत ।
प्राप्नुवन्ति नराः श्रेयो यथा ह्यन्नप्रदाः प्रभो ॥ १३.१०१.५७ ॥
O Bharata, O lord, men do not obtain such welfare by gold, nor by garments, nor by any other gift, as do the givers of food.
13.101.58
अन्नं वै प्रथमं द्रव्यमन्नं श्रीश्च परा मता ।
अन्नात्प्राणः प्रभवति तेजो वीर्यं बलं तथा ॥ १३.१०१.५८ ॥
Food is the first substance, food is prosperity, and it is regarded as supreme. From food arises life-breath, and likewise vigour, strength and power.
13.101.59
सद्यो ददाति यश्चान्नं सदैकाग्रमना नरः ।
न स दुर्गाण्यवाप्नोतीत्येवमाह पराशरः ॥ १३.१०१.५९ ॥
He who always gives food at once, with a single-pointed mind, does not obtain difficulties — thus said Parāśara.
13.101.60
अर्चयित्वा यथान्यायं देवेभ्योऽन्नं निवेदयेत् ।
यदन्ना हि नरा राजंस्तदन्नास्तस्य देवतः ॥ १३.१०१.६० ॥
Having worshipped according to rule, one should offer food to the gods. O king, as the food men eat, so is the food of their deity.
13.101.61
कौमुद्यां शुक्लपक्षे तु योऽन्नदानं करोत्युत ।
स सन्तरति दुर्गाणि प्रेत्य चानन्त्यमश्नुते ॥ १३.१०१.६१ ॥
Whoever gives a gift of food on the full-moon night of the Kaumudī festival, in the bright fortnight, crosses over difficulties and, after death, obtains infinity.
13.101.62
अभुक्त्वाऽतिथेये चान्नं प्रयच्छेद्यः समाहितः ।
स वै ब्रह्मविदां लोकान्प्राप्नुयाद्भरतर्षभ ॥ १३.१०१.६२ ॥
Bull of the Bharatas, whoever, without having eaten himself, attentively gives food to a guest obtains the worlds of those who know Brahman.
13.101.63
सुकृच्छ्रामापदं प्राप्तश्चान्नदः पुरुषस्तरेत् ।
पापं तरति चैवेह दुष्कृतं चापकर्षति ॥ १३.१०१.६३ ॥
Even a man who has fallen into great distress, if he is a giver of food, crosses over. Here and now he crosses over sin and draws away evil deeds.
13.101.64
इत्येतदन्नदानस्य तिलदानस्य चैव ह ।
भूमिदानस्य च फलं गोदानस्य च कीर्तितम् ॥ १३.१०१.६४ ॥
Thus has been declared the fruit of the gift of food, the gift of sesame, the gift of land, and the gift of a cow.