Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 13.103
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13.103.1
तिलानां कीदृशं दानमथ दीपस्य चैव हि ।
अन्नानां वाससा चैव भूय एव ब्रवीहि मे ॥ १३.१०३.१ ॥
What is the nature of a gift of sesame, and of a gift of a lamp, and of a gift of food and cloth? Tell me again.
13.103.2
अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
ब्राह्मणस्य च संवादं यमस्य च युधिष्ठिर ॥ १३.१०३.२ ॥
Here too people recount this ancient story, the dialogue of a brahmin and Yama, O Yudhiṣṭhira.
13.103.3
मध्यदेशे महान्ग्रामो ब्राह्मणानां बभूव ह ।
गङ्गायमुनयोर्मध्ये यामुनस्य गिरेरधः ॥ १३.१०३.३ ॥
In the Middle Country there was a great village of brahmins, between the Gaṅgā and the Yamunā, below the Yāmuna mountain.
13.103.4
पर्णशालेति विख्यातो रमणीयो नराधिप ।
विद्वांशस्तत्र भूयिष्ठा ब्राह्मणाश्चावसंस्तथा ॥ १३.१०३.४ ॥
O lord of men, that lovely village was renowned as Parṇaśālā, and there dwelt mostly learned brahmins.
13.103.5
अथ प्राह यमः कञ्चित्पुरुषं कृष्णवाससम् ।
रक्ताक्षमूर्ध्वरोमाणं काकजङ्घाक्षिनासिकम् ॥ १३.१०३.५ ॥
Then Yama spoke to a certain man dressed in dark clothes, red-eyed, with upright hair, with crow-like thighs, eyes and nose.
13.103.6
गच्छ त्वं ब्राह्मणग्रामं ततो गत्वा तमानय ।
अगस्त्यं गोत्रतश्चापि नामतश्चापि शर्मिणम् ॥ १३.१०३.६ ॥
Go to the brahmin village, and having gone there, bring him—Agastya, who is called Śarmin by lineage and also by name.
13.103.7
शमे निविष्टं विद्वांसमध्यापकमनावृतम् ।
मा चान्यमानयेथास्त्वं सगोत्रं तस्य पार्श्वतः ॥ १३.१०३.७ ॥
Do not bring anyone else but a man of his own lineage who stays beside him: a learned teacher, established in tranquility and unhindered.
13.103.8
स हि तादृग्गुणस्तेन तुल्योऽध्ययनजन्मना ।
अपत्येषु तथा वृत्ते समस्तेनैव धीमता।
तमानय यथोद्दिष्टं पूजा कार्या हि तस्य मे ॥ १३.१०३.८ ॥
He has such qualities; by the learning born of study he is the equal of him, and in offspring and conduct he is equal to that wise man. Bring him as directed, for honor must be paid to him by me.
13.103.9
स गत्वा प्रतिकूलं तच्चकार यमशासनम् ।
तमाक्रम्यानयामास प्रतिषिद्धो यमेन यः ॥ १३.१०३.९ ॥
Going, he did what was contrary to Yama's command; though forbidden by Yama, he seized him and brought him here.
13.103.10
तस्मै यमः समुत्थाय पूजा कृत्वा च वीर्यवान् ।
प्रोवाच नीयतामेष सोऽन्य आनीयतामिति ॥ १३.१०३.१० ॥
Yama rose for him, paid him honor, and the mighty one said: "Let this one be taken; let that other one be brought."
13.103.11
एवमुक्ते तु वचने धर्मराजेन स द्विजः ।
उवाच धर्मराजानं निर्विण्णोऽध्ययनेन वै।
यो मे कालो भवेच्छेषस्तं वसेयमिहाच्युत ॥ १३.१०३.११ ॥
When the king of dharma had spoken thus, the twice-born man, weary of study, said to him: "O unfallen one, whatever time remains to me, I would spend it here."
13.103.12
नाहं कालस्य विहितं प्राप्नोमीह कथञ्चन ।
यो हि धर्मं चरति वै तं तु जानामि केवलम् ॥ १३.१०३.१२ ॥
I do not attain here, in any way, the time ordained by time; him who practices dharma alone do I know.
13.103.13
गच्छ विप्र त्वमद्यैव आलयं स्वं महाद्युते ।
ब्रूहि सर्वं यथा स्वैरं करवाणि किमच्युत ॥ १३.१०३.१३ ॥
Go today to your own abode, O brahmin, O greatly radiant one. Tell everything you wish at will; what shall I do, O Acyuta?
13.103.14
शुद्धदानं च सुमहत्पुण्यं स्यात्तद्ब्रवीहि मे ।
सर्वस्य हि प्रमाणं त्वं त्रैलोक्यस्यापि सत्तम ॥ १३.१०३.१४ ॥
Tell me what is pure giving and what is very great merit. O best of the good, you are the authority for all, even for the three worlds.
13.103.15
शृणु तत्त्वेन विप्रर्पे प्रदानविधिमुत्तमम् ।
तिलाः परमकं दानं पुण्यं चैवेह शाश्वतम् ॥ १३.१०३.१५ ॥
Listen truly, O brahmin sage, to the supreme rule of giving. Sesame is the highest gift, and merit here is eternal.
13.103.16
तिलाश्च सम्प्रदातव्या यथाशक्ति द्विजर्षभ ।
नित्यदानात्सर्वकामांस्तिला निर्वर्तयन्त्युत ॥ १३.१०३.१६ ॥
And sesame should be given according to one's ability, O bull among brahmins. Through constant giving, sesame fulfils all desires.
13.103.17
तिलाञ्श्राद्धे प्रशंसन्ति दानमेतद्ध्यनुत्तमम् ।
तान्प्रयच्छस्व विप्रेभअयो विधिदृष्टेन कर्मणाः ॥ १३.१०३.१७ ॥
At the śrāddha rite they praise sesame as the unsurpassed gift. Give them to the brahmins through the rite prescribed by rule.
13.103.18
वैशाख्यां पौर्णमास्यां तु तिलान्दद्याद्द्विजातिषु ।
तिला भक्षयितव्याश्च सदा त्वालम्भं च तैः ॥ १३.१०३.१८ ॥
On the full moon of Vaiśākha one should give sesame to the twice-born; sesame should be eaten, and always touched with them.
13.103.19
कार्यं सततमिच्छद्भिः श्रेयः सर्वात्मना गृहे ।
तथाऽऽपः सर्वदा देयाः पेयाश्चैव न संशयः ॥ १३.१०३.१९ ॥
Those who desire welfare should always do this in the house, wholeheartedly. Likewise water should always be given, and given to drink; there is no doubt.
13.103.20
पुष्करिण्यस्तटाकानि कूपांश्चैवात्र खानयेत् ।
एतत्सुदुर्लभतरमिह लोके द्विजोत्तम ॥ १३.१०३.२० ॥
Here one should also have ponds, tanks and wells dug. This is exceedingly rare in this world, best of the twice-born.
13.103.21
आपो नित्यं प्रदेयास्ते पुण्यं ह्येतदनुत्तमम् ।
प्रपाश्च कार्या दानार्थं नित्यं ते द्विजसत्तम।
भुक्तेऽप्यथ प्रदेयं तु पानीयं वै विशेषतः ॥ १३.१०३.२१ ॥
Water should always be given to them; this is the supreme merit. O best of the twice-born, water-booths for giving should also always be made. Even after eating, drinking water especially should be given.
13.103.22
पानीयाभ्यर्थिनं दृष्ट्वा प्रीत्या दत्त्वा त्वरान्वितः ।
वस्त्रे तन्तुप्रमाणेन दीपे निमिषवत्सरम् ॥ १३.१०३.२२ ॥
Seeing one who asks for drinking water, giving it with affection and haste; in measure of a thread in cloth, a blink in a lamp, and a year.
13.103.23
गवां रोमप्रमाणेन स्वर्गभोगमुपाश्नुते ।
जलबिन्दुप्रमाणेन तदेतान्युपवर्तय॥ ॥ १३.१०३.२३ ॥
By the measure of a cow's hair one obtains the enjoyment of heaven; by the measure of a drop of water, obtain all these.
13.103.24
इत्युक्ते स तदा तेन यमदूतेन वै गृहान् ।
नीतश्च कारयामास सर्वं तद्यमशासनम् ॥ १३.१०३.२४ ॥
When this was said, that messenger of Yama took him to the house and had all of Yama's commands carried out.
13.103.25
नीत्वा तं यमदूतोऽपि गृहीत्वा शर्मिणं तदा ।
ययौ स धर्मराजाय न्यवेदयत चापि तम् ॥ १३.१०३.२५ ॥
The messenger of Yama led him away, seized Śarmin, went at once to the king of dharma and reported everything.
13.103.26
तं धर्मराजो धर्मज्ञं पूजयित्वा प्रतापवान् ।
कृत्वा च संविदं तेन विससर्ज यथागतम् ॥ १३.१०३.२६ ॥
The mighty king of dharma honoured him, the knower of dharma, made an agreement with him, and dismissed him as he had come.
13.103.27
तस्यापि च यमः सर्वमुपदेशं चकार ह ।
प्रेत्यैत्य च ततः सर्वं चकारोक्तं यमेन तत् ॥ १३.१०३.२७ ॥
Yama also gave him all the instruction; after dying and returning, he did everything that Yama had told him.
13.103.28
तथा प्रशंसने दीपान्यमः पितृहितेप्सया ।
तस्माद्दीपप्रदो नित्यं सन्तारति वै पितॄन् ॥ १३.१०३.२८ ॥
Thus Yama, desiring the welfare of the ancestors, praised lamps; therefore the giver of lamps always carries his forefathers across.
13.103.29
दातव्याः सततं दीपास्तस्माद्भरतसत्तम ।
देवतानां पितॄणां च चक्षुष्यं चात्मनां विभो ॥ १३.१०३.२९ ॥
Therefore, best of the Bharatas, lamps should always be given; O mighty one, they are beneficial for the sight of gods, forefathers and souls.
13.103.30
रत्नदानं च सुमहत्पुण्यमुक्तं जनाधिप ।
यस्तान्विक्रीय यजते ब्राह्मणो ह्यभयंकरम् ॥ १३.१०३.३० ॥
O lord of men, the gift of jewels is declared to be of great merit; a brahmin who sells them and performs a sacrifice truly becomes a giver of fearlessness.
13.103.31
यद्वै ददाति विप्रेभ्यो ब्राह्मणः प्रतिगृह्य वै ।
उभयोः स्यात्तदक्षय्यं दातुरादातुरेव च ॥ १३.१०३.३१ ॥
Whatever a brahmin gives to brahmins after receiving it, that is imperishable for both the giver and the receiver.
13.103.32
यो ददाति स्थितः स्थित्यां तादृशाय प्रतिग्रहम् ।
उभयोरक्षयं धर्मं तं मनुः प्राह धर्मवित् ॥ १३.१०३.३२ ॥
He who, firm in his own station, gives a gift to such a worthy person, for him and both of them it is an imperishable dharma — so declared Manu, the knower of dharma.
13.103.33
वाससां सम्प्रदानेनि स्वदारनिरतो नरः ।
सुवस्त्रश्च सुवेषश्च भवतीत्यनुशुश्रुम ॥ १३.१०३.३३ ॥
By the gift of garments, a man devoted to his own wife becomes well-clad and handsomely attired — so we have heard.
13.103.34
गावः सुवर्णं च तथा तिलाश्चैवानुवर्णिताः ।
बहुशः पुरुषव्याघ्र वेदप्रामाण्यदर्शनात् ॥ १३.१०३.३४ ॥
Cows, gold, and likewise sesame have been described many times, O tiger among men, because of the authority of the Vedas.
13.103.35
विवाहांश्चैव कुर्वीत पुत्रानुत्पादयेत च ।
पुत्रलाभो हि कौरव्य सर्वलाभाद्विशिष्यते ॥ १३.१०३.३५ ॥
One should marry and beget sons; for the gaining of a son, O descendant of Kuru, surpasses all other gains.