Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 13.110
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13.110.1
विस्रम्भितोऽहं भवता धर्मान्प्रवदता विभो ।
प्रवक्ष्यामि तु संदेहं तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥ १३.११०.१ ॥
O mighty one, having given me confidence by teaching the dharmas, I will now voice a doubt; tell me of it, O grandsire.
13.110.2
व्रतानां किं फलं प्रोक्तं कीदृशं वा महाद्युते ।
नियमानां फलं किं च स्वधीतस्य च किं फलम् ॥ १३.११०.२ ॥
What fruit is declared for vows, or what kind of fruit is it, O greatly radiant one? What is the fruit of observances, and what is the fruit of well-studied learning?
13.110.3
दमस्येह फलं किं च वेदानां धारणे च किम् ।
अध्यापने फलं किं च सर्वमिच्छामि वेदितुम् ॥ १३.११०.३ ॥
What is the fruit of self-restraint here, what is the fruit of retaining the Vedas, and what is the fruit of teaching? I wish to know all of it.
13.110.4
अप्रतिग्राहके किं च फलं लोके पितामह ।
तस्य किञ्च फलं दृष्टं श्रुतं यस्तु प्रयच्छति ॥ १३.११०.४ ॥
What is the fruit of not accepting gifts in the world, O grandsire? And what fruit has been seen and heard for one who gives?
13.110.5
स्वकर्मनिरतानां च शूराणां चापि किं फलम् ।
सत्ये च किं फलं प्रोक्तं ब्रह्मचर्ये च किं फलम्। ॥ १३.११०.५ ॥
What fruit is there for those devoted to their own duty, and for heroes as well? What fruit is declared for truth, and what fruit for celibacy?
13.110.6
पितृशुश्रूषणे किञ्च मातृशुश्रूषणे तथा ।
आचार्यगुरुशुश्रूषा स्वनुक्रोशानुकम्पने ॥ १३.११०.६ ॥
What is the fruit of serving the father, and likewise of serving the mother? What is the fruit of serving teacher and preceptor, and of one's own compassion and kindness?
13.110.7
एतत्सर्वमशेषेण पितामह यथातथम् ।
वेतुमिच्छामि धर्मज्ञ परं कौतूहलं हि मे ॥ १३.११०.७ ॥
Grandfather, I wish to know all of this without remainder, exactly as it is. Knower of dharma, my curiosity about it is great.
13.110.8
यो व्रतं वै यथोद्दिष्टं तथा सम्प्रतिपद्यते ।
अखण्डं सम्यगारभ्य तस्य लोकाः सनातनाः ॥ १३.११०.८ ॥
For one who takes up a vow exactly as it is prescribed, beginning it properly and keeping it unbroken, there are eternal worlds.
13.110.9
नियमानां फलं राजन्प्रत्यक्षमिह दृश्यते ।
नियमानां क्रतूनां च त्वयाऽवाप्तमिदं फलम् ॥ १३.११०.९ ॥
O king, the fruit of observances is seen plainly here. You yourself have obtained this fruit of observances and of sacrifices.
13.110.10
स्वधीतस्यापि च फलं दृश्यतेऽमुत्र चेह च ।
इह लोकेऽर्थवान्नित्यं ब्रह्मलोके च मोदते ॥ १३.११०.१० ॥
The fruit of well-studied learning is seen both here and there. In this world he is always prosperous, and in the world of Brahmā he rejoices.
13.110.11
दमस्य तु फलं राजञ्शृणु त्वं विस्तरेण मे ।
दान्ताः सर्वत्र सुखिनो दान्ताः सर्वत्र निर्वृताः।
यत्रेच्छागामिनो दान्ताः सर्वशत्रुनिषूदनाः ॥ १३.११०.११ ॥
O king, now hear from me at length the fruit of self-restraint. The self-controlled are happy everywhere; the self-controlled are at peace everywhere. The self-controlled go wherever they wish, slayers of all enemies.
13.110.12
प्रार्थयन्ति च यद्दान्ता लभन्ते तन्न संशयः ।
युज्यन्ते सर्वकामैर्हि दान्ताः सर्वत्र पाण्डव ॥ १३.११०.१२ ॥
Whatever the self-controlled desire, they obtain it; there is no doubt. O son of Pāṇḍu, the self-controlled are joined with all their desires everywhere.
13.110.13
स्वर्गे यथा प्रमोदन्ते तपसा विक्रमेण च ।
दानैर्यज्ञैश्च विविधैस्तथा दान्ताः क्षमान्विताः ॥ १३.११०.१३ ॥
As they rejoice in heaven through austerity and valour, and through gifts and various sacrifices, so do the self-controlled, endowed with forbearance, rejoice.
13.110.14
दानाद्दमो विशिष्टो हि ददत्किञ्चिद्द्विजातये ।
दाता कुप्यति नो दान्तस्तस्माद्दानात्परंदमः ॥ १३.११०.१४ ॥
Self-restraint is superior to giving, for while giving something to a twice-born man the giver grows angry, but the self-controlled man does not; therefore self-restraint is supreme over giving.
13.110.15
यस्तु दद्यादकुप्यन्हि तस्य लोकाः सनातनाः ।
क्रोधो हन्ति हि यद्दानं तस्माद्दानाद्वरो दमः ॥ १३.११०.१५ ॥
But he who gives without anger attains eternal worlds, for anger destroys the gift; therefore self-restraint is better than giving.
13.110.16
अदृश्यानि महाराज स्थानान्ययुतशो दिवि ।
ऋषीणां सर्वलोकषु यानि ते यान्ति देवताः ॥ १३.११०.१६ ॥
O great king, in heaven there are countless unseen abodes of the sages, in all the worlds, to which the gods go.
13.110.17
दमेन यानि नृपते गच्छन्ति परमर्षयः ।
कामयाना महत्स्थानं तस्माद्दानात्परं दमः ॥ १३.११०.१७ ॥
O king, the supreme sages go by self-restraint to those abodes, and those who desire a great abode go there too; therefore self-restraint is supreme over giving.
13.110.18
विद्यादानाद्वरं नास्ति वेदविद्या महाफलाः ।
अध्यापकः परिक्लेशादक्षयं फलमश्नुते ॥ १३.११०.१८ ॥
There is nothing better than the gift of knowledge; the Vedic sciences bear great fruit. The teacher, by enduring toil, obtains imperishable fruit.
13.110.19
विधिवत्पावकं हुत्वा ब्रह्मलोके नराधिप ।
अधीत्यापि हि यो वेदान्न्यायविद्भ्यः प्रयच्छति।
गुरुकर्मप्रशंसी तु सोपि स्वर्गे महीयते ॥ १३.११०.१९ ॥
O lord of men, he who, having offered duly into the sacred fire and studied the Vedas in Brahmā's world, teaches them to those who know the right method, and who praises the duty of the teacher, is honoured in heaven as well.
13.110.20
क्षत्रियोऽध्ययने युक्तो यजने दानकर्मणि ।
युद्धे यश्च परित्राता सोपि स्वर्गे महीयते ॥ १३.११०.२० ॥
The warrior who is devoted to study, to sacrifice and to the act of giving, and who is a protector in battle, is honoured in heaven as well.
13.110.21
वैश्यः स्वकर्मनिरतः प्रदानाल्लभते महत् ।
शूद्रः स्वकर्मनिरतः स्वर्गं शुश्रूषयाऽऽर्च्छति ॥ १३.११०.२१ ॥
The vaiśya devoted to his own duty obtains great reward through giving; the śūdra devoted to his own duty reaches heaven through service.
13.110.22
शूरा बहुविधाः प्रोक्तास्तेषामर्थास्तु मे शृणु ।
शूरान्वयानां निर्दिष्टं फलं शूरस्य चैव हि ॥ १३.११०.२२ ॥
Heroes are declared to be of many kinds; hear from me their characteristics. Hear also the fruit prescribed for those of heroic lineage and for the hero.
13.110.23
यज्ञशूरा दमे शूराः सत्यशूरास्तथा परे ।
युद्धशूरास्तथैवोक्ता दानशूराश्च मानवाः ॥ १३.११०.२३ ॥
There are heroes in sacrifice, heroes in self-restraint, heroes in truth, and others; heroes in battle are likewise declared, and men who are heroes in giving.
13.110.24
बुद्धिशूरास्तथैवान्ये क्षमाशूरास्तथा परे ।
साङ्ख्यशूराश्च बहवो योगशूरास्तथा परे।
अरण्ये गृहवासे च त्यागे शूरास्तथा परे ॥ १३.११०.२४ ॥
Heroes of intellect and others likewise; heroes of forbearance and others likewise; many heroes of discrimination (sāṅkhya), and heroes of yoga and others likewise; heroes in the forest, in household life, and in renunciation, and others likewise.
13.110.25
आर्जवे च तथा शूराः शमे वर्तन्ति मानवाः ।
तैस्तैश्च नियमैः शूरा बहवः सन्ति चापरे।
वेदाध्ययनशूराश्च शूराश्चाध्यापने रताः ॥ १३.११०.२५ ॥
Likewise, men are heroes in uprightness and in calm. By these various observances there are many heroes, and others too. There are heroes in the study of the Vedas, and heroes who delight in teaching.
13.110.26
गुरुशुश्रूषया शूराः पितृशुश्रूषया परे ।
मातृशुश्रूषया शूरा भैक्ष्यशूरास्तथा परे ॥ १३.११०.२६ ॥
Some are heroes through service to their teacher, others through service to their father. Some are heroes through service to their mother, and heroes in begging alms, likewise others.
13.110.27
अरण्ये गृहवासे च शूराश्चातिथिपूजने ।
सर्वे यान्ति पराँल्लोकान्स्वकर्मफलनिर्जितान् ॥ १३.११०.२७ ॥
Heroes are found in the forest, in household life, and in honoring guests. All of them go to the higher worlds, won by the fruits of their own deeds.
13.110.28
धारणं सर्ववेदानां सर्वतीर्थावगाहनम् ।
सत्यं च ब्रुवतो नित्यं समं वा स्यान्नवा समम् ॥ १३.११०.२८ ॥
The retention of all the Vedas and bathing in all sacred fords, for one who always speaks the truth, may be equal, or may not be equal.
13.110.29
अश्वमेधसहस्रं च सत्यं च तुलया धृतम् ।
अश्वमेधसहस्राद्धि सत्यमेव विशिष्यते ॥ १३.११०.२९ ॥
A thousand horse sacrifices and truth were weighed on a scale. Truth alone is indeed superior to a thousand horse sacrifices.
13.110.30
सत्येन सूर्यस्तपति सत्येनाग्निः प्रदीप्यते ।
सत्येन मरुतो वान्ति सर्वं सत्ये प्रतिष्ठितम् ॥ १३.११०.३० ॥
By truth the sun shines, by truth fire blazes. By truth the winds blow; everything is established in truth.
13.110.31
सत्येन देवाः प्रीयन्ते पितरो ब्राह्मणास्तथा ।
सत्यमाहुः परो धर्मस्तस्मात्सत्यं न लोपयेत् ॥ १३.११०.३१ ॥
By truth the gods are pleased, and the ancestors and the brahmins likewise. Truth is called the supreme dharma; therefore one should not violate truth.
13.110.32
मुनयः सत्यनिरता मुनयः सत्यविक्रमाः ।
मुनयः सत्यशपथास्तस्मात्सत्यं विशिष्यते ॥ १३.११०.३२ ॥
Sages are devoted to truth, sages are mighty through truth, sages swear by truth; therefore truth is pre-eminent.
13.110.33
सत्यवन्तः सत्यलोके मोदन्ते भरतर्षभ ।
दमः सत्यफलावाप्तिरुक्ता सर्वात्मना मया ॥ १३.११०.३३ ॥
Truthful men rejoice in the world of truth, O bull of the Bharatas. Attainment of the fruit of truth through self-restraint, I have declared to you wholeheartedly.
13.110.34
असंशयं विनीतात्मा स वै स्वर्गे महीयते ।
ब्रह्मचर्यस्य च गुणं शृणु त्वं वसुधाधिप ॥ १३.११०.३४ ॥
Without doubt, the man of humbled spirit is honoured in heaven. Now hear, O lord of the earth, the virtue of celibacy.
13.110.35
आजन्ममरणाद्यस्तु ब्रह्मचारी भवेदिह ।
न तस्य किञ्चिदप्राप्यमिति विद्धि नराधिप ॥ १३.११०.३५ ॥
For the one who remains a celibate here from birth to death, nothing is unattainable; know this, O lord of men.
13.110.36
बह्व्यः कोट्यस्त्वषीणां तु ब्रह्मलोके वसन्त्युत ।
सत्ये रतानां सततं दान्तानामूर्ध्वरेतसाम् ॥ १३.११०.३६ ॥
In the world of Brahmā dwell many tens of millions of sages, those constantly devoted to truth, self-controlled, and of upward-raised seed.
13.110.37
ब्रह्मचर्यं दहेद्राजन्सर्वपापान्युपासितम् ।
ब्राह्मणेन विशेषेण ब्राह्ममो ह्यग्निरुच्यते ॥ १३.११०.३७ ॥
O king, celibate discipline, when practised, burns away all sins; especially for a brahmin it is called the Brāhma fire.
13.110.38
प्रत्यक्षं हि तथा ह्येतद्ब्राह्मणेषु तपस्विषु ।
बिभेति हि यथा शक्रो ब्रह्मचारिप्रधर्षितः ॥ १३.११०.३८ ॥
This is indeed evident among brahmins and ascetics, just as Indra fears one who is assailed by a celibate practitioner.
13.110.39
तद्ब्रह्मचर्यस्य फलमृषीणामिह दृश्यते ।
मातापित्रोः पूजने यो धर्मस्तमपि मे शृणु ॥ १३.११०.३९ ॥
The fruit of celibate discipline is seen here among the sages; now hear from me also the duty in honouring mother and father.
13.110.40
शुश्रूषते यः पितरं न चासूयेत्कदाचन ।
मातरं भ्रातरं वाऽपि गुरुमाचार्यमेव च ॥ १३.११०.४० ॥
He who serves his father and never resents him, and likewise treats his mother, brother, teacher, and preceptor.
13.110.41
तस्य राजन्फलं विद्धि स्वर्लोके स्थानमर्चितम् ।
न च पश्येत नरकं गुरुशुश्रूषयाऽऽत्मवान् ॥ १३.११०.४१ ॥
O king, know that his reward is an honoured place in the heaven-world; and the self-controlled man, through service to his teacher, does not see hell.