Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 13.12
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13.12.1
यथैव ते नमस्कार्याः प्रोक्ताः शक्रेण मानद ।
एतन्मे सर्वमाचक्ष्व येभ्यः स्पृहयसे नृपः ॥ १३.१२.१ ॥
As Indra declared to you that they are worthy of salutation, O giver of honor, tell me all of them. O king, whom do you long for?
13.12.2
उत्तमापद्गतस्यापि यत्र ते वर्तते मनः ।
मनुष्यलोके सर्वस्मिन्यदमुत्रेह चाप्युत ॥ १३.१२.२ ॥
Even when fallen into the greatest distress, whatever your mind turns to, in all the human world and in the other world as well, that too.
13.12.3
स्पृहयामि द्विजातिभ्यो येषां ब्रह्म परं धनम् ।
येषां संप्रत्ययः स्वर्गस्तपःस्वाध्यायसाधनम् ॥ १३.१२.३ ॥
I long for those twice-born whose supreme wealth is the Veda, whose conviction is heaven, and whose means are austerity and study of the Veda.
13.12.4
येषां बालाश्च वृद्धाश्च पितृपैतामहीं धुरम् ।
उद्वहन्ति न सीदन्ति तेभ्यो वै स्पृहयाम्यहम् ॥ १३.१२.४ ॥
Those whose children and elders carry the burden inherited from fathers and grandfathers and do not sink, for them indeed I long.
13.12.5
विद्यास्वभिविनीतानां दान्तानां मृदुभाषिणाम् ।
श्रुतवृत्तोपपन्नानां सदाऽक्षरविदां सताम् ॥ १३.१२.५ ॥
Of the good, well-trained in learning, self-controlled, gentle in speech, endowed with learning and conduct, and always knowers of the syllable.
13.12.6
संसत्सु वदतां तात हंसानामिव सङ्घशः ।
मङ्गल्यरूपा रुचिरा दिव्यजीमूतनिःस्वनाः ॥ १३.१२.६ ॥
O dear son, of those speaking in assemblies, like flocks of swans, auspicious in form, lovely, with voices like the thunder of divine clouds.
13.12.7
सम्यगुच्चरिता वाचः श्रूयन्ते हि युधिष्ठिर ।
शुश्रूषमाणे नृपतौ प्रेत्य चेह सुखावहाः ॥ १३.१२.७ ॥
Yudhiṣṭhira, when the king is ready to listen, well-spoken words are heard; they bring happiness here and after death.
13.12.8
ये चापि तेषां श्रोतारः सदा सदसि सम्मताः ।
विज्ञानगुणसम्पन्नास्तेभ्यश्च स्पृहयाम्यहम् ॥ १३.१२.८ ॥
And those listeners who are always esteemed in the assembly and endowed with understanding and virtue — I too long for them.
13.12.9
सुसंस्कृतानि प्रयताः शुचीनि गुणवन्ति च ।
ददत्यन्नानि तृप्त्यर्थं ब्राह्मणेभ्यो युधिष्ठर।
ये चापि सततं राजंस्तेभ्यश्च स्पृहयाम्यहम् ॥ १३.१२.९ ॥
Yudhiṣṭhira, and, O king, those who always give well-prepared, pure and excellent food to brahmins, with restraint, for their satisfaction — I long for them too.
13.12.10
शक्यं ह्येवाहवे योद्धुं न दातुमनसूयितुम् ॥ १३.१२.१० ॥
In battle it is indeed possible to fight, but it is not easy to give and to be free from envy.
13.12.11
शूरा वीराश्च शतशः सन्ति लोके युधिष्ठिर ।
तेषां संख्यायमानानां दानशूरो विशिष्यते ॥ १३.१२.११ ॥
Yudhiṣṭhira, in the world there are hundreds of heroes and warriors; yet when they are counted, the hero of giving stands out.
13.12.12
भद्रं तु जन्म सम्प्राप्य भूयो ब्राह्मणको भवेत् ।
बन्धुमध्ये कुले जातः सुदुरापमवाप्नुयात् ॥ १३.१२.१२ ॥
Having obtained a fortunate birth, a man may again become a brahmin; born into a family among kinsmen, he may attain what is very hard to obtain.
13.12.13
धन्यः स्यां यद्यहं भूयः सौम्यब्राह्मणकोपि वा ।
कुले जातो धर्मगतिस्तपोविद्यापरायणः ॥ १३.१२.१३ ॥
If I were born again, even as a gentle brahmin, I would be fortunate — born in a family whose course is dharma, devoted to austerity and learning.
13.12.14
न मे त्वत्तः प्रियतरो लोकेऽस्मिन्पाण्डुनन्दन ।
त्वत्तश्चापि प्रियतरा ब्राह्मणा एव भारत ॥ १३.१२.१४ ॥
Son of Pāṇḍu, in this world there is no one dearer to me than you; and, Bhārata, dearer even than you are the brahmins.
13.12.15
यथा मम प्रियतमास्त्वत्तो विप्राः कुरूत्तम ।
तेन सत्येन गच्छेयं लोकान्यत्र स शन्तनुः ॥ १३.१२.१५ ॥
Best of the Kurus, by that truth—that brahmins are dearest to me, even above you—may I go to those worlds where Śantanu has gone.
13.12.16
न मे पिता प्रियतरो ब्रह्मणेभ्यस्तथाऽभवत् ।
न मे पितुः पिता वाऽपि ये चान्येऽपि सुहृञ्जनाः ॥ १३.१२.१६ ॥
My father was never dearer to me than the brahmins; nor was my father's father, nor any of the other well-wishing kinsmen.
13.12.17
न हि मे वृजिनं किञ्चिद्विद्यते ब्राह्मणेष्विह ।
अणु वा यदि वा स्थूलं विद्यते साधुकर्मसु ॥ १३.१२.१७ ॥
In my dealings with brahmins here I find no wrong at all; whether small or great, there is none in my good deeds.
13.12.18
कर्मणा मनसा वाऽपि वाचा वाऽपि परंतप ।
यन्मे कृतं ब्राह्मणेभ्यस्तेनाद्य न तपाम्यहम् ॥ १३.१२.१८ ॥
Scorcher of foes, whatever I have done for the brahmins—in deed, in thought, or even in speech—for that reason I feel no remorse today.
13.12.19
ब्रह्मण्य इति मामाहुस्तया वाचाऽस्मि तोषितः ।
एतदेव पवित्रेभ्यः सर्वेभ्यः परमं स्मृतम् ॥ १३.१२.१९ ॥
People call me devoted to brahmins; I am pleased by that word. For all the pure, this alone is remembered as supreme.
13.12.20
पश्यामि लोकानमलाञ्शुचीन्ब्राह्मणतोषणात् ।
तेषु मे तात गन्तव्यमह्नाय च चिराय च ॥ १३.१२.२० ॥
By pleasing brahmins I see those stainless, pure worlds. O dear son, there I must go, for a day and for a long time.
13.12.21
यथा भर्त्राश्रयो धर्मः स्त्रीणां लोके युदिष्ठिर ।
स देवः सा गतिर्नान्या क्षत्रियस्य तथा द्विजाः ॥ १३.१२.२१ ॥
O Yudhiṣṭhira, as in the world a woman's duty rests on her husband, he is her god and her only refuge, no other; so too, O twice-born ones, is it for a kṣatriya.
13.12.22
क्षत्रियः शतवर्षी च दशवर्षी द्विजोत्तमः ।
पितापुत्रौ च विज्ञेयौ तयोर्हि ब्राह्मणो गुरुः ॥ १३.१२.२२ ॥
Though a kṣatriya be a hundred years old and the best of the twice-born ten, both are to be known as father and son; of the two, the brahmin is the teacher.
13.12.23
नारी तु पत्यभावे वै देवरं कुरुते पतिम् ।
पृथिवी ब्राह्मणालाभे क्षत्रियं कुरुते पतिम् ॥ १३.१२.२३ ॥
But when there is no husband, a woman takes her husband's younger brother as her husband; and when no brahmin is to be had, the earth takes a kṣatriya as her lord.
13.12.24
ब्राह्मणानुज्ञया ग्राह्यं राज्यं च सपुरोहितैः ।
तद्रक्षणेन स्वर्गोऽस्य तत्कोपान्नरकोऽक्षयः ॥ १३.१२.२४ ॥
With the brahmins' permission, and together with the priests, the kingdom should be taken; by protecting it he gains heaven, and from their anger comes imperishable hell.
13.12.25
पुत्रवच्चैव ते रक्ष्या उपास्या गुरुवच्च ते ।
अग्निवच्चोपचार्या वै ब्राह्मणाः कुरुसत्तम् ॥ १३.१२.२५ ॥
Best of the Kurus, you should protect the brahmins as sons, attend upon them as a teacher, and serve them as fire.
13.12.26
ऋजुन्सतः सत्यशीलान्सर्वभूतहिते रतान् ।
आशीविषानिव क्रुद्धान्द्विजान्परिचरेत्सदा ॥ १३.१२.२६ ॥
One should always serve upright, truthful brahmins devoted to the welfare of all beings, but attend on angered twice-born ones as one would venomous snakes.
13.12.27
तेजसस्तपसश्चैव नित्यं बिभ्येद्युधिष्ठिर ।
उभे चैते परित्याज्ये तेजश्चैव तपस्तथा ॥ १३.१२.२७ ॥
Yudhiṣṭhira, one should always be wary of the power and the austerity of brahmins; both of these are to be avoided.
13.12.28
व्यवसायस्तयोः शीघ्रमुभयोरेव विद्यते ।
हन्युः क्रुद्धा महाराज ब्राह्मणा ये तपस्विनः ॥ १३.१२.२८ ॥
The effect of these two comes swiftly; great king, brahmins who are ascetics, when angered, may even slay.
13.12.29
दूरतो मातृवत्पूज्या विप्रदाराः सुरक्षया ।
अकोपनापराधेन भूयो नरकमश्नुते ॥ १३.१२.२९ ॥
The wives of brahmins should be honoured from afar, as mothers, and well protected; a man who angers them through transgression again reaches hell.
13.12.30
भूयः स्यादुभयं दत्तं ब्राह्मणाद्यदकोपनात् ।
कुर्यादुभयतः शेषं दत्तशेषं न शेषयेत् ॥ १३.१२.३० ॥
By not angering a brahmin, what was given from either side is gained again; the remainder should be completed on both sides, and one should not leave any remainder of what has been given.
13.12.31
दण्डपाणिर्यथा गोष्ठं पालो नित्यं हि रक्षयेत् ।
ब्राह्मणेषु स्थितं ब्रह्म क्षत्रियः परिपालयेत् ॥ १३.१२.३१ ॥
As the staff-bearing herdsman always guards the cattle-pen, so the kṣatriya should fully protect the brahman (the Veda) that abides among the brahmins.
13.12.32
पितेव पुत्रान्रक्षेथा ब्राह्मणान्ब्रह्मतेजसः ।
गृहे चैषामवेक्षेथाः किंस्विदस्तीति जीवनम् ॥ १३.१२.३२ ॥
As a father protects his sons, so protect the brahmins, whose splendour is sacred knowledge; and keep watch in their households whether there is anything for their livelihood.