Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 13.137
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13.137.1
कीदृशेभ्यः प्रदातव्यं भवेच्छ्राद्धं पितामह ।
द्विजेभ्यः कुरुशार्दूल तन्मे व्याख्यातुमर्हसि ॥ १३.१३७.१ ॥
Grandsire, to what kind of twice-born men should the śrāddha be given? Tiger among the Kurus, you ought to explain this to me.
13.137.2
ब्राह्मणान्न परीक्षेत क्षत्रियो दानधर्मवित् ।
दैवे कर्मणि पित्र्ये तु न्यायमाहुः परीक्षणम् ॥ १३.१३७.२ ॥
A kṣatriya who knows the duty of giving should not test brahmins; but in the rites for the gods and the rites for the fathers, they say testing is the proper rule.
13.137.3
देवताः पावयन्तीह दैवेनैवेह तेजसा ।
उपेत्य तस्माद्देवेभ्यः सर्वेभ्यो दापयेन्नरः ॥ १३.१३७.३ ॥
Here the gods purify by their divine splendour alone; therefore a man should approach all the gods and have the offering made.
13.137.4
श्राद्धे त्वथ महाराज परीक्षेद्ब्राह्मणान्बुधः ।
कुलशीलवयोरूपैर्विद्ययाऽभिजनेन च ॥ १३.१३७.४ ॥
But, great king, at the śrāddha the wise man should test brahmins by lineage, conduct, age, appearance, learning and birth.
13.137.5
तेषामन्ये पङ्क्तिदूष्यास्तथाऽन्ये पङ्क्तिपावनाः ।
अपाङ्क्तेयास्तु ये राजन्कीर्तयिष्यामि ताञ्शृणु ॥ १३.१३७.५ ॥
Among them some defile the row and others purify the row. O king, I will name those who are unfit for the row; listen.
13.137.6
कितवो भ्रूणहा यक्ष्मीं पशुपालो निराकृतिः ।
ग्रामप्रेष्यो वार्धुषिको गायनः सर्वविक्रयी ॥ १३.१३७.६ ॥
A gambler, a slayer of an embryo, a consumptive, a herdsman, one who has renounced the rites, a village servant, a usurer, a singer, and one who sells everything.
13.137.7
अगारदाही गरदः कुण्डाशी सोमविक्रयी ।
सामुद्रिको राजभृत्यस्तैलिकः कूटकारकः ॥ १३.१३७.७ ॥
The house-burner, the poisoner, the kuṇḍāśī, the seller of soma, the sāmudrika, the king's servant, the oil-presser, and the deceiver.
13.137.8
पित्रा विभजमानश्च यस्य चोपपतिर्गृहे ।
अभिशस्तस्तथा स्तेनः शिल्पं यश्चोपजीवती ॥ १३.१३७.८ ॥
The one who divides the estate with his father, the one in whose house there is a paramour, the accused, the thief, and the one who lives by a craft.
13.137.9
पर्वकारश्च सूची च मित्रध्रुक् पारदारिकः ।
अव्रतानामुपाध्यायः काण्डपृष्ठस्तथैव च ॥ १३.१३७.९ ॥
The festival-performer, the needle-worker, the betrayer of a friend, the adulterer, the teacher of the unvowed, and the kāṇḍapṛṣṭha, likewise.
13.137.10
श्वभिश्च यः परिक्रामेद्यः शुना दष्ट एव च ।
परिवित्तिश्च यश्च स्याद्दुश्चर्मा गुरुतल्पगः। ॥ १३.१३७.१० ॥
The one who wanders among dogs, the one bitten by a dog, the parivitti, the one with a bad skin, and the one who lies in his teacher's wife's bed.
13.137.11
कुशीलवो देवलको नक्षत्रैर्यश्च जीवती ।
ईदृशैर्ब्राह्मणैर्भुक्तमपाङ्क्तेयैर्युधिष्ठिर। ॥ १३.१३७.११ ॥
The bard, the temple servant, and the one who lives by the stars — what is eaten by such brahmins, unfit to sit in the row, is spoiled, O Yudhiṣṭhira.
13.137.12
रक्षांसि गच्छते हव्यमित्याहुर्ब्रह्मवादिनः ।
श्राद्धं भुक्त्वा त्वधीयीत वृषलीतल्पगश्च यः। ॥ १३.१३७.१२ ॥
The brahma-vādins say that oblations offered by such men go to the demons. And one who, having eaten at a śrāddha, lies in the bed of a śūdra woman — let him study the Veda.
13.137.13
पुरीषे तस्य ते मासं पितरस्तस्य शेरते ।
सोमविक्रयिणे विष्ठा भिषजे पूयशोणितम् ॥ १३.१३७.१३ ॥
In his excrement his forefathers lie for a month; what is given to a seller of soma is filth, and to a physician, pus and blood.
13.137.14
नष्टं देवलके दत्तमप्रतिष्ठं च वार्धुषे ।
यत्तु वाणिजके दत्तं नेह नामुत्र तद्भवेत्।
भस्मनीव हुतं हव्यं तथा पौनर्भवे द्विजे ॥ १३.१३७.१४ ॥
What is given to a temple priest is lost; what is given to a usurer has no foundation; what is given to a merchant bears no fruit here or in the next world. An oblation given to a twice-married brahmin is like an offering poured into ashes.
13.137.15
ये तु धर्मव्यपेतेषु चारित्रापगतेषु च ।
हव्यं कव्यं प्रयच्छन्ति येषां तत्प्रेत्य नश्यति ॥ १३.१३७.१५ ॥
Those who give oblations and offerings to people who have strayed from dharma and fallen from proper conduct — that gift perishes for them after death.
13.137.16
ज्ञानपूर्वं तु ये तेभ्यः प्रयच्छन्त्यल्पबुद्धयः ।
पुरीषं भुञ्जते तस्य पितरः प्रेत्य निश्चयः ॥ १३.१३७.१६ ॥
Those of little understanding who knowingly give to such people — their forefathers, after death, eat excrement; of this there is certainty.
13.137.17
एतानिमान्विजानीयादपाङ्क्तेयान्द्विजाधमान् ।
शूद्राणामुपदेशं च ये कुर्वन्त्यल्पचेतसः ॥ १३.१३७.१७ ॥
These one should know as unfit to sit in the row of diners, lowest of the twice-born: those of little understanding who give instruction to shudras.
13.137.18
षष्टिं काणः शतं षण्डः श्वित्री यावत्प्रपश्यति ।
पङ्क्त्यां समुपविष्टायां तावद्दूषयते नृप ॥ १३.१३७.१८ ॥
A one-eyed man defiles sixty, a eunuch a hundred, and a leper as many as he sees — O king, he defiles that many of those seated in the row.
13.137.19
यद्वेष्टितशिरा भुङ्क्ते यद्भुङ्क्ते दक्षिणामुखः ।
सोपानत्कश्च यद्भुङ्क्ते सर्वं विद्यात्तदासुरम् ॥ १३.१३७.१९ ॥
To eat with the head wrapped, to eat facing south, or to eat while wearing sandals — all this should be known as demonic.
13.137.20
असूयता च यदत्तं यच्च श्रद्धाविवर्जितम् ।
सर्वं तदसुरेन्द्राय ब्रह्मा भागमकल्पयत् ॥ १३.१३७.२० ॥
Whatever is given out of envy, and whatever is given without faith — all of that Brahmā assigned as the share of the lord of the asuras.
13.137.21
श्वानश्च पङ्क्तिदूषाश्च नावेक्षेरन्कथञ्चन ।
तस्मात्परिसृते दद्यात्तिलांश्चान्ववकीरयेत् ॥ १३.१३७.२१ ॥
Dogs and those who defile the row should never be allowed to look upon it; therefore, one should give the food and scatter sesame seeds around the scattered portion.
13.137.22
तिलैर्विरहितं श्राद्धं कृतं क्रोधवशेन च ।
यातुधानाः पिशाचाश्च विप्रलुम्पन्ति तद्धविः ॥ १३.१३७.२२ ॥
A funeral offering performed without sesame, or done under the sway of anger — the demons and goblins seize that oblation.
13.137.23
अपाङ्क्तो यावतः पाङ्क्तान्भुञ्जानाननुपश्यति ।
तावत्फलाद्धंशयति दातारं तस्य बालिशम् ॥ १३.१३७.२३ ॥
As many of those eating in the row as an outsider looks upon, to that extent he deprives the foolish giver of the fruit.
13.137.24
इमे तु भरतश्रेष्ठ विज्ञेयाः पङ्क्तिपावनाः ।
हेतुतस्तान्प्रवक्ष्यामि परीक्षस्वेह तान्द्विजान् ॥ १३.१३७.२४ ॥
O best of the Bharatas, these should be known as the purifiers of the row. I will tell you of them with reasons; examine those twice-born men here.
13.137.25
विद्यावेदव्रतस्नाता ब्राह्मणाः सर्व एव हि ।
सदाचारपराश्चैव विज्ञेयाः सर्वपावनाः ॥ १३.१३७.२५ ॥
All brahmins bathed in learning, Veda and vows, and those devoted to good conduct, should be known as purifiers of all.
13.137.26
पाङ्क्तेयांस्तु प्रवक्ष्यामि ज्ञेयास्ते पङ्क्तिपावनाः ।
त्रिणाचिकेतः पञ्चाग्निस्त्रिसुपर्णः षडङ्गवित् ॥ १३.१३७.२६ ॥
Now I will speak of those belonging to the row; they should be known as purifiers of the row: the triple-Nāciketa, the keeper of five fires, the triple-Suparṇa, and the knower of the six Vedāṅgas.
13.137.27
ब्रह्मदेयानुसन्तानश्छन्दोगो ज्येष्ठसामगः ।
मातापित्रोर्यश्च वश्यः श्रोत्रियो दशपूरुषः ॥ १३.१३७.२७ ॥
One whose line is handed down through brahmā-gifts, a Chandoga, a singer of the foremost Sāman, obedient to mother and father, a Śrotriya learned by hearing, of ten generations.
13.137.28
ऋतुकालाभिगामी च धर्मपत्नीषु यः सदा ।
वेदविद्याव्रतस्नातो विप्रः पङ्क्तिं पुनात्युत ॥ १३.१३७.२८ ॥
The brahmin who always approaches his lawful wives in the proper season, bathed in Veda, learning and vows, purifies the row.
13.137.29
अथर्वशिरसोऽध्येता ब्रह्मचारी यतव्रतः ।
सत्यवादी धर्मशीलः स्वकर्मनिरतश्च सः ॥ १३.१३७.२९ ॥
One who studies the Atharva-śiras, a celibate student, firm in vows, truthful, of righteous character, and devoted to his own duty — he purifies the row.
13.137.30
ये च पुण्येषु तीर्थेषु अभिषेककृतश्रमाः ।
मखेषु च समन्त्रेषु भन्त्यवभृथप्लुताः ॥ १३.१३७.३० ॥
And those who labour at ablutions in sacred fords, and who shine, bathed in the final ablution, at sacrifices with mantras.
13.137.31
अक्रोधना ह्यचपलाः क्षान्ताः दान्ता जितेन्द्रियाः ।
सर्वभूतहिता ये च श्राद्धेष्वेतान्निमन्त्रयेत् ॥ १३.१३७.३१ ॥
Those who are free from anger, not fickle, patient, self-restrained, who have conquered their senses, and who wish well to all beings — these one should invite to śrāddha rites.
13.137.32
एतेषु दत्तमक्षय्यमेते वै पङ्क्तिपावनाः ।
इमे परे महाभागा विज्ञेयाः पङ्क्तिपावनाः ॥ १३.१३७.३२ ॥
What is given to these is imperishable, for these are the purifiers of the row. These other greatly fortunate ones, too, should be known as purifiers of the row.
13.137.33
यतयो मोक्षधर्मज्ञा योगिनश्चरितव्रताः ।
पञ्चरात्रविदो मुख्यास्तथा भागवताः परे ॥ १३.१३७.३३ ॥
Ascetics, knowers of the dharma of liberation, yogins who keep their vows, the foremost knowers of the Pañcarātra, and likewise other devotees of Bhagavat.
13.137.34
वैखानसाः कुलश्रेष्ठा वैदिकाचारचारिणः ।
ये चेतिहासं प्रयताः श्रावयन्ति द्विजोत्तमान् ॥ १३.१३७.३४ ॥
The Vaikhānasas, best of families, who follow the Vedic way of conduct, and who with composure recite the itihāsa to the foremost of the twice-born.
13.137.35
ये च भाष्यविदः केचिद्ये च व्याकरणे रताः ।
अधीयते पुराणं ये धर्मशास्त्राण्यथापि च ॥ १३.१३७.३५ ॥
Certain knowers of the commentaries, those who delight in grammar, and those who study the Purāṇas and the law-treatises.
13.137.36
अधीत्य च यथान्यायं विधिवत्तस्य कारिणः ।
उपपन्नो गुरुकुले सत्यवादी सहस्रशः ॥ १३.१३७.३६ ॥
Those who, having studied according to rule and duly carried out what they learned, have grown up in a teacher's household, who speak the truth — by the thousand.
13.137.37
अग्र्याः सर्वेषु वेदेषु सर्वप्रवचनेषु च ।
यावदेते प्रपश्यन्ति पङ्क्त्यास्तावत्पुनन्त्युत ॥ १३.१३७.३७ ॥
Those foremost in all the Vedas and in all recitations purify the row for as long as they are seen in it.
13.137.38
ततो हि पावनात्पङ्क्त्याः पङ्क्तिपावन उच्यते ।
क्रोशादर्धतृतीयाच्च पावयेदेक एव हि।
ब्रह्मदेयानुसन्तान इति ब्रह्मविदो विदुः ॥ १३.१३७.३८ ॥
Therefore he who purifies the row, from that purifying row, is called the row-purifier. One alone can purify within two and a half krośas. The knowers of Brahman call this the continuation of the brahmadeya gift.
13.137.39
अनुत्विगनुपाध्यायः स चेदग्रासनं व्रजेत् ।
ऋत्विग्भिरभ्यनुज्ञातः पङ्क्त्या हरति दुष्कृतम् ॥ १३.१३७.३९ ॥
If he, lacking officiating priests and a teacher, goes to the foremost seat, yet is permitted by the officiating priests, the row removes that wrong deed.
13.137.40
अथ चेद्वेदवित्सर्वैः पङ्क्तिदोषैर्विवर्जितः ।
न च स्यात्पतितो राजन्पङ्क्तिपावन एव सः ॥ १३.१३७.४० ॥
But if a knower of the Veda is free of all the faults of the row and is not fallen, O king, then he alone is the row-purifier.
13.137.41
तस्मात्सर्वप्रयत्नेन परीक्ष्यामन्त्रयेद्द्विजान् ।
स्वकर्मनिरतान्दान्तान्कुले जातान्बहुश्रतान् ॥ १३.१३७.४१ ॥
Therefore, having examined them with every effort, one should invite twice-born men who are devoted to their own duties, self-controlled, born in good families, and much-learned.
13.137.42
यस्य मित्रप्रधानानि श्राद्धानि च हवींषि च ।
न प्रीणन्ति पितॄन्देवान्स्वर्गं च न स गच्छति ॥ १३.१३७.४२ ॥
He whose ancestral rites and oblations are chiefly for friends, and who does not please the ancestors and the gods, does not go to heaven.
13.137.43
यश्च श्राद्धे कुरुते सङ्गतानि ।
न देवयानेन पथा स याति।
स वै मुक्तः पिप्पलं बन्धनाद्वा ।
स्वर्गाल्लोकच्च्यवते श्राद्धमित्रः ॥ १३.१३७.४३ ॥
He who at the śrāddha rite gathers his friends does not go by the path of the gods. Either he is freed from bondage, or he is cut off from the fruit of freedom; and he whose friends are the guests of the śrāddha falls from the heavenly world.
13.137.44
तस्मान्मित्रं श्राद्धकृन्नाद्रियेत ।
दद्यान्मित्रेभ्यः सङ्ग्रहार्थं धनानि।
यन्मन्यते नैव शत्रुं न मित्रं ।
तं मध्यस्थं भोजयेद्धव्यकव्ये ॥ १३.१३७.४४ ॥
Therefore the performer of the śrāddha should not honor a friend, nor give wealth to friends to win their loyalty. He should feed at the offerings to gods and ancestors one whom he regards neither as enemy nor as friend, the neutral one.
13.137.45
यथोषरे बीजमुप्तं न रोहे-
न्नचावप्ता प्राप्नुयाद्बीजभागम्।
एवं श्राद्धं भुक्तमनर्हमाणै-
र्न चेह नामुत्र फलं ददाति ॥ १३.१३७.४५ ॥
As seed sown in barren ground does not sprout, and the sower gets no share of the harvest, so a śrāddha eaten by the unworthy gives no fruit, neither here nor in the next world.
13.137.46
ब्राह्मणो ह्यनधीयानस्तृणाग्निरिव शाम्यति ।
तस्मै श्राद्धं न दातव्यं न हि भस्मनि हूयते ॥ १३.१३७.४६ ॥
A brahmin who does not study the Veda goes out like a fire of straw. The śrāddha should not be given to him, for offerings are not poured into ashes.
13.137.47
सम्भोजनी नाम पिशाचदक्षिणा ।
सा नैव देवान्न पितॄनुपैति।
इहैव सा भ्राम्यति हीनपुण्या ।
शालान्तरे गौरिव नष्टवत्सा ॥ १३.१३७.४७ ॥
The fee called sambhojanī is the fee of demons. It reaches neither the gods nor the ancestors. Lacking merit, it wanders here alone, like a cow that has lost her calf, roaming between the stalls.
13.137.48
यथाऽग्नौ शान्ते घृतमाजुहोति ।
तन्नैव देवान्न पितॄनुपैति।
तथा दत्तं नर्तके गायके च ।
यां चानृते दक्षिणामावृणोति ॥ १३.१३७.४८ ॥
As ghee poured into a quenched fire reaches neither the gods nor the ancestors, so is what is given to a dancer or a singer, and the dakṣiṇā given in falsehood.
13.137.49
उभौ हिनस्ति न भुनक्ति चैषा ।
या चानृते दक्षिणा दीयते वै।
आघातिनी गर्हितैषा पतन्ती ।
तेषां प्रेतान्पातयेद्देवयानात् ॥ १३.१३७.४९ ॥
It harms both and benefits neither; the dakṣiṇā given in falsehood is indeed striking, censured and falling. It casts their dead down from the path of the gods.
13.137.50
ऋषीणां समये नित्यं ये चरन्ति युधिष्ठिर ।
निश्चिताः सर्वधर्मज्ञास्तान्देवा ब्राह्मणान्विदुः ॥ १३.१३७.५० ॥
O Yudhiṣṭhira, those who always conduct themselves according to the observance of the sages, resolute and knowers of all dharma, the gods know them as brahmins.
13.137.51
स्वाध्यायनिष्ठा ऋषयो ज्ञाननिष्ठास्तथैव च ।
तपोनिष्ठाश्च बोद्धव्याः कर्मनिष्ठाश्च भारत ॥ १३.१३७.५१ ॥
The sages devoted to self-study, those devoted to knowledge, likewise those devoted to austerity, and those devoted to ritual action, too, are to be recognized, O Bhārata.
13.137.52
कव्यानि ज्ञाननिष्ठेभ्यः प्रतिष्ठाप्यानि भारत ।
तत्र ये ब्राह्मणान्केचिन्न सीदन्ति हि ते नराः ॥ १३.१३७.५२ ॥
O Bhārata, offerings to the ancestors should be bestowed upon those devoted to knowledge; those men who give there to brahmins do not suffer distress.
13.137.53
ये तु निन्दन्ति जल्पेषु न ताञश्राद्धेषु भोजयत् ।
ब्राह्मणा निन्दिता राजन्हन्युस्त्रैपुरुषं कुलम् ॥ १३.१३७.५३ ॥
Those who revile brahmins in idle talk should not be fed at the śrāddha rites. O king, reviled brahmins would destroy the family line of three generations.
13.137.54
वैखानसानां वचनमृषीणां श्रूयते नृप ।
दूरादेव परीक्षेत ब्राह्मणान्वेदपारगान् ॥ १३.१३७.५४ ॥
O king, the saying of the Vaikhānasa sages is heard: brahmins who have mastered the Vedas should be tested from afar.
13.137.55
प्रियो वा यदि वा द्वेष्यस्तेषां तु श्राद्धमावपेत् ॥ १३.१३७.५५ ॥
Whether they are dear or hateful, to them alone one should offer the shraddha.
13.137.56
यः सहस्रं सहस्राणां भोजयदेनृचो नरः ।
एकस्तान्मन्त्रवित्प्रीतः सर्वानर्हति भारत ॥ १३.१३७.५६ ॥
A man who feeds thousands upon thousands of single-verse reciters, O Bhārata, deserves the same reward as all of them by pleasing just one brahmin who knows the mantras.