Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 13.138
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13.138.1
केन सङ्कल्पितं श्राद्धं कस्मिन्काले किमात्मकम् ।
भृग्वङ्गिरसिके काले मुनिना कतरेण वा ॥ १३.१३८.१ ॥
By whom was the śrāddha ordained, at what time, and of what nature? In the time of Bhṛgu and Aṅgiras, or by which sage?
13.138.2
येन सङ्कल्पितं चैव तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ।
कानि श्राद्धेषु वर्ज्यानि कानि मूलफलानि च।
धान्यजात्यश्च का वर्ज्यास्तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥ १३.१३८.२ ॥
Tell me also by whom it was ordained, O grandsire. Which things are to be avoided in śrāddha rites, which roots and fruits, and which kinds of grain are forbidden? Tell me that, O grandsire.
13.138.3
यथा श्राद्धं सम्प्रवृत्तं यस्मिन्काले सदात्मकम् ।
येन सङ्कल्पितं चैव तन्मे शृणु जनाधिप ॥ १३.१३८.३ ॥
Hear from me, O lord of men, how the śrāddha came into being, at what time and in what enduring form, and by whom it was ordained.
13.138.4
स्वायम्भुवोऽत्रिः कौरव्य परमर्षिः प्रतापवान् ।
तस्य वंशे महाराज दत्तात्रेय इति स्मृतः ॥ १३.१३८.४ ॥
Atri, son of Svayambhū, O Kaurava, was a supreme sage of great power. In his lineage, O great king, he is remembered as Dattātreya.
13.138.5
दत्तात्रेयस्य पुत्रोऽभून्निमिर्नाम तपोधनः ।
निमेश्चाप्यभवत्पुत्रः श्रीमान्नाम श्रिया वृतः ॥ १३.१३८.५ ॥
A son named Nimi, whose wealth was austerity, was born to Dattātreya. And to Nimi was born a son named Śrīmān, endowed with glory.
13.138.6
पूर्णो वर्षसहस्रान्ते स कृत्वा दुष्करं तपः ।
कालधर्मपरीतात्मा निधनं समुपागतः ॥ १३.१३८.६ ॥
At the end of a thousand years, having completed his arduous austerity, his self overtaken by the law of time, he met his death.
13.138.7
निमिस्तु कृत्वा शौचानि विधिदृष्टेन कर्मणा ।
सन्तापमगमत्तीप्रं पुत्रशोकपरायणः ॥ १३.१३८.७ ॥
Nimi, having performed the purificatory rites as prescribed, was nonetheless seized by intense anguish, wholly absorbed in grief for his son.
13.138.8
अथ कृत्वोपकार्याणि चतुर्दश्यां महामतिः ।
तमेव गणयञ्शोकं विरात्रे प्रत्यबुध्यत ॥ १३.१३८.८ ॥
Then, having performed the offerings of service on the fourteenth day, the great-minded one, still dwelling on that very grief, awoke at the end of the night.
13.138.9
तस्यासीत्प्रतिबुद्धस्य शोकेन व्यथितात्मनः ।
मनः संहृत्य विषये बुद्धिर्विस्तारगामिनी ॥ १३.१३८.९ ॥
When he awoke, his mind, afflicted by grief, withdrew from sense-objects, and his intellect began to spread outward.
13.138.10
ततः सञ्चिन्तयामास श्राद्धकल्पं समाहितः ।
यानि तस्यैव भोज्यानि मूलानि च फलानि च ॥ १३.१३८.१० ॥
Then, with a composed mind, he considered the rule of the śrāddha rite: which foods, roots and fruits were meant for him alone.
13.138.11
उक्तानि यानि चान्यानि यानि चेष्टानि तस्य ह ।
तानि सर्वाणि मनसा विनिश्चित्य तपोधनः ॥ १३.१३८.११ ॥
Having settled in his mind all that had been prescribed, and the other observances proper to him, the wealth of austerity...
13.138.12
अमावास्यां महाप्राज्ञो विप्रानानाय्य पूजितान् ।
दक्षिणावर्तिकाः सर्वा बृसीः स्वयमथाकरोत् ॥ १३.१३८.१२ ॥
On the new-moon day the very wise one, having invited the honoured brahmins, himself laid out all the sacred grass turned to the right.
13.138.13
सप्त विप्रांस्ततो भोज्ये युगपत्समुपानयत् ।
ऋते च लवणं भोज्यं श्यामाकान्नं ददौ प्रभुः ॥ १३.१३८.१३ ॥
Then he brought seven brahmins together to the meal, and, without salt, gave them food of millet.
13.138.14
दक्षिणाग्रास्ततो दर्भा विष्टरेषु निवेशिताः ।
पादयोश्चैव विप्राणां ये त्वन्नमुपभुञ्जते ॥ १३.१३८.१४ ॥
Then kuśa grass, its tips turned southward, was laid upon the seats and at the feet of the brahmins who were eating the food.
13.138.15
कृत्वा च दक्षिणाग्नान्वै दर्भान्स प्रयतः शुचिः ।
प्रददौ श्रीमते पिण्डान्नामगोत्रमुदाहरन् ॥ १३.१३८.१५ ॥
Having laid down kuśa grass with tips to the south, self-controlled and pure, he offered the rice-balls to the venerable ones, pronouncing their names and lineages.
13.138.16
तत्कृत्वा स मुनिश्रेष्ठो धर्मसङ्करमात्मनः ।
पश्चात्तापेन महता तप्यमानोऽभ्यचिन्तयत् ॥ १३.१३८.१६ ॥
Having done that, the best of sages, tormented by great remorse afterward, reflected on the confusion of his own dharma.
13.138.17
अकृतं मुनिभिः पूर्वं किं मयेदमनुष्ठितम् ।
कथं नु शापेन न मां दहेयुर्ब्राह्मणा इति ॥ १३.१३८.१७ ॥
"What is this that I have done, which the sages never did before? How will the brahmins not burn me with their curse?"
13.138.18
ततः सञ्चिन्तयामास वंशकर्तारमात्मनः ।
बुद्ध्वाऽत्रिं मनसा दध्यौ भगवन्तं समाहितः।
ध्यातमात्रस्तथा चात्रिराजगाम तपोधनः ॥ १३.१३८.१८ ॥
Then he thought of the founder of his lineage; recognizing Atri in his mind, he meditated on that venerable one with concentrated mind, and just as he was meditated upon, the ascetic-rich Atri came there.
13.138.19
अथात्रिस्तं तथा दृष्ट्वा पुत्रशोकेन कर्शितम् ।
भृशमाश्वासयामास वाग्भिरिष्टाभिरव्ययः ॥ १३.१३८.१९ ॥
Then Atri, the imperishable one, seeing him thus worn down by grief for his son, consoled him greatly with pleasing words.
13.138.20
निमे सङ्कल्पितस्तेऽयं पितृयज्ञस्तपोधन ।
मतो मे पूर्वदृष्टोऽत्र धर्मोऽयं ब्रह्मणा स्वयम् ॥ १३.१३८.२० ॥
O Nimi, O rich in asceticism, this resolve of yours to perform the sacrifice to the fathers is, in my view, right. This rite was seen of old by Brahmā himself.
13.138.21
सोयं स्वयभुविहितो धर्मः सङ्कल्पितस्त्वया ।
ऋते स्वयम्भुवः कोऽन्यः श्राद्धे संविधिमाहरेत् ॥ १३.१३८.२१ ॥
This duty ordained by the Self-existent one, you have resolved upon. Other than the Self-existent one, who else could prescribe the proper ordinance for the rite for the dead?
13.138.22
अथाख्यास्यामि ते पुत्र श्राद्दे यं विधिमुत्तमम् ।
स्वयम्भुविहितं पुत्र तत्कुरुष्व निबोध मे ॥ १३.१३८.२२ ॥
Now, my son, I will declare to you that supreme ordinance for the rite for the dead, ordained by the Self-existent one. Perform it, my son; hear it from me.
13.138.23
कृत्वाऽग्निशरणं पूर्वं मन्त्रपूर्वं तपोधन ।
ततोऽग्नयेऽथ सोमाय वरुणाय च नित्यशः ॥ १३.१३८.२३ ॥
O rich in asceticism, first, having taken refuge in Agni with the mantras, then daily to Agni, to Soma and to Varuṇa.
13.138.24
विश्वेदवाश्च यि नित्यं पितृभिः सह गोचराः ।
तेभ्यः सङ्कल्पिता भागाः स्वयमेव स्वयम्भुवा ॥ १३.१३८.२४ ॥
The Viśvedevas (…) always move together with the fathers within their domain; for them the portions were resolved upon by the Self-existent one himself.
13.138.25
स्तोतव्या चेह पृथिवी लोकस्यैव तु धारिणी ।
वैष्णवी काश्यपि चेति तथैवेहाक्षयेति च ॥ १३.१३८.२५ ॥
Here the earth, the supporter of the world, is to be praised; she is called Vaiṣṇavī and Kāśyapī, and here she is also called Akṣayā.
13.138.26
उदकानयने चैव स्तोतव्यो वरुणो विभुः ।
ततोऽग्निश्चैव सोमश्च आराध्याविह तेऽनघ ॥ १३.१३८.२६ ॥
When fetching water, Varuṇa, the all-pervading, is to be praised; then, O sinless one, here Agni and Soma too must be propitiated.
13.138.27
देवास्तु पितरो नाम निर्मिता ये स्वयम्भुवा ।
ऊष्मपा ये महाभागास्तेषां भागः प्रकल्पितः ॥ १३.१३८.२७ ॥
The gods who were created by the Self-existent one under the name of Pitṛs — the Ūṣmapas, the greatly fortunate — for them a portion has been assigned.
13.138.28
ते श्राद्धेनार्च्यमाना वै विमुच्यन्ते ह किल्बिषात् ।
सप्तकाः पितृवंशास्तु पूर्वदृष्टाः स्वयंभुवा ॥ १३.१३८.२८ ॥
Honoured with the śrāddha, they are indeed freed from sin; and the sevenfold lineages of the fathers, seen long ago by the Self-existent one, are likewise.
13.138.29
विश्वे चाग्निमुखा देवाः संख्याताः पूर्वमेव ते ।
तेषां नामानि वक्ष्यामि भागार्हाणां महात्मनाम् ॥ १३.१३८.२९ ॥
The Viśvedevas, with Agni as their mouth, have been enumerated before; I will tell the names of those great souls worthy of a portion.
13.138.30
सहः कृतिर्विपाप्मा च पुण्यकृत्पावनस्तथा ।
ग्राम्यः क्षेम्यः समूहश्च दिव्यसानुस्तथैव च ॥ १३.१३८.३० ॥
Saha, Kṛti, Vipāpmā, Puṇyakṛt, Pāvana; likewise Grāmya, Kṣemya, Samūha, and also Divyasānu.
13.138.31
विवस्वान्वीर्यवाञ्श्रीमान्कीर्तिमान्कृत एव च ।
जितात्मा मुनिवीर्यश्च दीप्तरोमा भयङ्करः ॥ १३.१३८.३१ ॥
Vivasvān, mighty and glorious, famed, the maker indeed; self-conquered, of sage-like power, with blazing hairs, terrible.
13.138.32
अनुकर्मा प्रतीतश्च प्रदाताऽप्यंशुमांस्तथा ।
शैलाभः परमक्रोधी धीरोष्णी भूपतिस्तथा ॥ १३.१३८.३२ ॥
Anukarmā, renowned, also the giver, radiant; mountain-like, supremely wrathful, steadfast and ardent, the lord of the earth likewise.
13.138.33
स्रजो वज्रीवरी चैव विश्वेदेवाः सनातनाः ।
विद्युद्वर्चाः सोमवर्चाः सूर्यश्रीश्चेति नामतः ॥ १३.१३८.३३ ॥
Sṛja, Vajrī and Varī, the Viśvedevas, the eternal ones; Vidyudvarcas, Somavarcas, Sūryaśrī—by these names.
13.138.34
सोमपः सूर्यसावित्रो दत्तात्मा पुण्डरीयकः ।
उष्णीनाभो नभोदश्च विश्वायुर्दीप्तिरेव च ॥ १३.१३८.३४ ॥
Somapa, Sūrya-Sāvitra, the self-given, Puṇḍarīyaka; Uṣṇīnābha, also Nabhoda, Viśvāyus and Dīpti as well.
13.138.35
चमूहरः सुरेशश्च व्योमारिः शङ्करो भवः ।
ईशः कर्ता कृतिर्दक्षो भुवनो दिव्यकर्मकृत् ॥ १३.१३८.३५ ॥
Camūhara, also Sureśa, Vyomāri, Śaṅkara, Bhava, Īśa, the Doer, Kṛti, the Skilled, Bhuvana, the performer of divine deeds.
13.138.36
गणितः पञ्चवीर्यश्च आदित्यो रश्मिवांस्तथा ।
सप्तकृत्सोमवर्चाश्च विश्वकृत्कविरेव च ॥ १३.१३८.३६ ॥
Gaṇita, of five powers, Āditya, the radiant one, Saptakṛt, Somavarcas as well, Viśvakṛt, and the seer.
13.138.37
अनुगोप्ता सुगोप्ता च नप्ता चेश्वर एव च ।
कीर्तितास्ते महाभागाः कालस्य गतिगोचराः ॥ १३.१३८.३७ ॥
The protector, the good protector, the grandson, and also the lord — these greatly fortunate ones have been named, and they fall within the course of time.
13.138.38
अश्राद्धेयानि धान्यानि कोद्रवाः पुलकास्तथा ।
हिङ्गुद्रवेषु शाकेषु मूलानां लशुनं तथा ॥ १३.१३८.३८ ॥
Grains are not fit for the shraddha: kodrava and pulaka likewise; among vegetables cooked with asafoetida liquid and among greens; and among roots, garlic as well.
13.138.39
पलाण्डुः सौभाञ्जनकस्तथा गृञ्जनकादयः ।
कूश्माण्डजात्यलाबुं च कृष्णं लवणमेव च ॥ १३.१३८.३९ ॥
Onion, sobhāñjanaka, gṛñjanaka and the like; the kind of gourd, and the bottle gourd; black salt, and salt too.
13.138.40
ग्राम्यवाराहमांसं च यच्चैवाप्रोक्षितं भवेत् ।
कृष्णाजं जीरकं चैव शीतपाकी तथैव च।
अङ्कुराद्यास्तथा वर्ज्या इह शृङ्गाटकानि च ॥ १३.१३८.४० ॥
Meat of the domestic boar, and whatever has not been sprinkled with water; black goat, cumin, and cold-cooked food likewise; sprouts and the like, and here water chestnuts — these are to be avoided.
13.138.41
वर्जयेल्लवणं सर्वं तथा जम्बूफलानि च ।
अवक्षुतावरुदितं तथा श्राद्धे च वर्जयेत्। ॥ १३.१३८.४१ ॥
One should avoid all salt, and jambu fruits likewise; one should avoid them at a sneeze and a weeping, and at the shraddha as well.
13.138.42
निवापे हव्यकव्ये वा गर्हितं च सुदर्शनम् ।
पितरश्च हि देवाश्च नाभिनन्दन्ति तद्धविः ॥ १३.१३८.४२ ॥
At the nivāpa or in offerings to gods and ancestors, what is blamed and sudarśana as well; the ancestors and the gods do not rejoice in that oblation.
13.138.43
चण्डालश्वपचौ वर्ज्यौ निवापे समुपस्थिते ।
काषायवासाः कुष्ठी वा पतितो ब्रह्महाऽपि वा ॥ १३.१३८.४३ ॥
When the ancestral offering is at hand, the caṇḍāla and the śvapaca must be avoided, as must one clad in ochre robes, a leper, a fallen man, or even a slayer of a brahmin.
13.138.44
सङ्कीर्णयोनिर्विप्रश्च सम्बन्धी पतितश्च यः ।
वर्जनीय बुधैरेते निवापे समुपस्थिते ॥ १३.१३८.४४ ॥
A brahmin of mixed birth, a fallen relative, and whoever else — these the wise must avoid when the ancestral offering is at hand.
13.138.45
इत्येवमुक्त्वा भगवान्स्ववंश्यं तमृषिं पुरा ।
पितामहसभां दिव्या जगामात्रिस्तपोधनः ॥ १३.१३८.४५ ॥
Having spoken thus to that sage, his own descendant, the blessed Atri, whose wealth is austerity, went long ago to the divine assembly of the Grandfather.