Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 13.152
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13.152.1
एवं स भिक्षुर्निर्वाणं प्राप्नुयाद्दग्धकिल्बिषः ।
इहस्थो देहमुत्सृज्य नीडं शकुनिवद्यथा ॥ १३.१५२.१ ॥
Thus may that mendicant, his sins burnt away, attain liberation; remaining here, let him abandon the body as a bird leaves its nest.
13.152.2
सत्पथालम्बनादेव शूद्रः प्राप्नोति सद्गतिम् ।
ब्रह्मणः स्थानमचलं स्थानात्स्थानमवाप्नुयात् ॥ १३.१५२.२ ॥
By holding to the good path alone, even a śūdra attains a good destiny; passing from one station to another, he may attain the unshakeable abode of Brahman.
13.152.3
यथा खनन्खनित्रेण जाङ्गले वारि विन्दति ।
अनिर्वेदात्ततः स्थानमीप्सितं प्रतिपद्यते ॥ १३.१५२.३ ॥
As one digging with a spade in a dry land finds water, so by not despairing he attains the place he desires.
13.152.4
सैषा गतिरनाद्यन्ता सर्वैरप्युपधारिता ।
तस्माच्छूद्रैरनिर्वेदाच्छ्रद्दधानैस्तु नित्यदा।
वर्तितव्यं यथाशक्त्या यथा प्रोक्तं मनीषिभिः। ॥ १३.१५२.४ ॥
This path has neither beginning nor end, and all have understood it. Therefore śūdras who have faith should always, without despair, conduct themselves according to their capacity, as the wise have taught.
13.152.5
यत्करोति तदश्नाति शुभं वा यदि वाऽशुभम् ।
नाकृतं भुज्यते कर्म न कृतं नश्यते फलम् ॥ १३.१५२.५ ॥
Whatever one does, that one experiences, whether good or evil. Action not done is not experienced, and the fruit of action done is not lost.
13.152.6
तथा शुभसमाचारः शुभमेवाप्नुते फलम् ।
तथाऽशुभसमाचारो ह्यशुभं समवाप्नुते।
शुभान्येव समादद्याद्य इच्छेद्भूतिमात्मनः ॥ १३.१५२.६ ॥
Likewise, one of good conduct obtains only good fruit, and one of bad conduct obtains only bad fruit. Let him who desires his own welfare take up only good deeds.
13.152.7
भूतिश्च नान्यतः शक्त्या शूद्राणामिति निश्चयः ।
क्रते यतीनां शुश्रूषामिति सन्तो व्यवस्थिताः ॥ १३.१५२.७ ॥
For śūdras, prosperity comes by no other means; this is certain. The wise have established that it comes only through service to ascetics.
13.152.8
तस्मादागमसम्पन्नो भवेत्सुनियतेन्द्रियः ।
शक्यते ह्यागमादेव गतिं प्राप्तुमनामयाम् ॥ १३.१५२.८ ॥
Therefore one should be endowed with scriptural learning and keep the senses well restrained, for the painless goal can be reached through scripture alone.
13.152.9
वरा चैषा गतिर्दृष्टा यामन्वेपन्ति साधवः ।
यत्रामृतत्वं लभते त्यक्त्वा दुःखमनन्तरम् ॥ १३.१५२.९ ॥
This excellent goal has been seen, which the good seek out; there, having abandoned suffering, one at once obtains immortality.
13.152.10
इमं हि धर्मिमास्थाय येऽपि स्युः पापयोनयः ।
स्त्रियो वैश्याश्च शूद्राश्च प्राप्नुयुः परमां गतिम्।
किं पुनर्ब्राह्मणो विद्वान्क्षत्रियो वा बहुश्रुतः ॥ १३.१५२.१० ॥
Resorting to this dharma, even those of sinful birth — women, vaiśyas and śūdras — may attain the highest goal; how much more so a learned brāhmaṇa or a widely learned kṣatriya?
13.152.11
न चाप्यक्षीणपापस्य ज्ञानं भवति देहिनः ।
ज्ञानोपलब्धिर्भवति कृतकृत्यो यदा भवेत् ॥ १३.१५२.११ ॥
Knowledge does not arise in an embodied being whose sin is not destroyed; attainment of knowledge comes only when one has become one who has done what must be done.
13.152.12
उपलभ्य तु विज्ञानं ज्ञानं वाऽप्यनसूयकः ।
तथैव वर्तेद्गुरुषु भूयांसं वा समाहितः ॥ १३.१५२.१२ ॥
Having attained realization or knowledge, one should remain free from envy, and conduct oneself in the same way toward teachers and toward those greater than oneself, with a composed mind.
13.152.13
अथावमन्येत गुरुं तथा तेषु प्रवर्तते ।
व्यर्थमस्य श्रुतं भवति ज्ञानमज्ञानतां व्रजेत् ॥ १३.१५२.१३ ॥
If a man disrespects his teacher and behaves so toward them, his learning becomes fruitless and his knowledge turns into ignorance.
13.152.14
गतिं चाप्यशुभां गच्छेन्निरयाय न संशयः ।
प्रक्षीयते तस्य पुण्यं ज्ञानमस्य विरुध्यते ॥ १३.१५२.१४ ॥
He surely goes to an inauspicious destiny and to hell, without doubt. His merit is exhausted, and his knowledge is obstructed.
13.152.15
अदृष्टपूर्वकल्याणो यथा दृष्ट्वा विधिं नरः ।
उत्सेकान्मोहमापद्य तत्वज्ञानमवाप्तवान् ॥ १३.१५२.१५ ॥
As a man who had never before seen good fortune, having seen the ordained course, falls into delusion from pride and yet obtains knowledge of truth.
13.152.16
एवमेवि हि नोत्सेकः कर्तव्यो ज्ञानसम्भवः ।
फलं ज्ञानस्य हि शमः प्रशामाय यतेत्सदा ॥ १३.१५२.१६ ॥
In the same way, one should not show arrogance, for that is not how knowledge arises. The fruit of knowledge is calm, so one should always strive for tranquility.
13.152.17
उपशान्तेन दान्तेन क्षमायुक्तेन सर्वदा ।
शुश्रूषा प्रतिपत्तव्या नित्यमेवानसूयता ॥ १३.१५२.१७ ॥
One who is calm, self-controlled, and endowed with forbearance should always, without envy, render service constantly.
13.152.18
धृत्या शिश्नोदरं रक्षेत्पाणिपादं च चक्षुषा ।
इन्द्रियार्थांश्च मनसा मनो बुद्धौ समादधेत् ॥ १३.१५२.१८ ॥
With steadfastness one should guard the genitals and belly; with the eye, hands and feet; with the mind, the objects of the senses; and one should fix the mind in the intellect.
13.152.19
धृत्याऽऽसीत ततो गत्वा शुद्धदेशं सुसंवृतम् ।
लब्धासनं यथा दृष्टं विधिपूर्वं समाचरेत् ॥ १३.१५२.१९ ॥
With steadiness one should sit; then, having gone to a pure and well-enclosed place and taken a seat, one should practise according to rule, as has been seen.
13.152.20
ज्ञानयुक्तस्तथा देवं हृदिस्थमुपलक्षयेत् ।
आदीप्यमानं वपुषा विधूममनलं यथा ॥ १३.१५२.२० ॥
Likewise, one endowed with knowledge should perceive the god abiding in the heart, blazing in his form like smokeless fire.
13.152.21
रश्मिमन्तमिवादित्यं वैद्युताग्निमिवाम्बरे ।
संस्थितं हृदये पश्येदीशं शाश्वतमव्ययम् ॥ १३.१५२.२१ ॥
Like the sun with rays in the sky, or lightning-fire in the air, one should see the lord standing in the heart, eternal and imperishable.
13.152.22
न चायुक्तेन शक्येत द्रष्टुं देहे महेश्वरः ।
युक्तस्तु पश्यते बुद्ध्या सन्निवेश्य मनो हृदि ॥ १३.१५२.२२ ॥
Maheśvara cannot be seen in the body by one who is undisciplined; but the disciplined one sees him with the intellect, having fixed the mind in the heart.
13.152.23
अथ त्वेवं न शक्नोति कर्तुं हृदयधारणम् ।
यथासांख्यमुपासीत यथावद्योगमास्थितः ॥ १३.१५२.२३ ॥
But if one is not able to hold him in the heart in this way, then, resorting to yoga, one should worship him properly according to the order of the Sāṃkhya.
13.152.24
पञ्च बुद्धीन्द्रियाणीह पञ्च कर्मेन्द्रियाणि वै ।
पञ्च भूतविशेषाश्च मनश्चैव तु षोडश ॥ १३.१५२.२४ ॥
Here are five organs of perception, indeed five organs of action, five specific elements, and the mind as well—these are sixteen.
13.152.25
तन्मात्राण्यपबि पञ्चैव मनोऽहङ्कार एव च ।
अष्टमं चाप्यथाव्यक्तमेताः प्रकृतिसंज्ञिताः।
एताः प्रकृतयश्चाष्टौ विकाराश्चापि षोडश ॥ १३.१५२.२५ ॥
The subtle elements, indeed five; mind and ego-making; and as the eighth the unmanifest — these are called prakṛti.
13.152.26
एवमेतदिहस्थेन विज्ञेयं तत्वबुद्धिना ।
एवं वर्ष्म समुत्तीर्य तीर्णो भवति नान्यथा ॥ १३.१५२.२६ ॥
One who stands here, with an intellect grasping the truth, should know it thus. Only by crossing over the body in this way does one cross over — not otherwise.
13.152.27
परिसंख्यानमेवैतन्मन्तव्यं ज्ञानबुद्धिना ॥ १३.१५२.२७ ॥
This is merely an enumeration; it should be regarded so by an intellect of knowledge.
13.152.28
अहन्यहनि शान्तात्मा पावनाय हिताय च ।
एवमेव प्रसंख्याय तत्वबुद्धिर्विमुच्यते।
निष्पलं केवलं भवति शुद्धतत्वार्थतत्ववित् ॥ १३.१५२.२८ ॥
The one of calm self, day after day, for purification and welfare (should practise this). Having enumerated thus, the intellect of truth is freed; the knower of the meaning of the pure principles becomes fruitless and alone.
13.152.29
भिक्षुकाश्रममास्थाय शुश्रूषानिरतो बुधः ।
शूद्रो निर्मुच्यते सत्वसंसर्गादेव नान्यथा ॥ १३.१५२.२९ ॥
A wise śūdra who, having taken up the mendicant's stage and devoted himself to service, is freed through association with sattva — and not otherwise.
13.152.30
सत्संनिक्रषे परिवर्तितव्यं ।
विद्याधिकाश्चापि निषेवितव्याः।
सवर्णतां गच्छति सन्निकर्षा-
न्नीलः खगो मेरुमिवाश्रयन्वै ॥ १३.१५२.३० ॥
One should dwell in the company of the good and attend upon those superior in learning. As the blue bird, resorting to Mount Meru, comes to share its nature, so by proximity one attains kinship of kind.
13.152.31
इत्येवमाख्याय महामुनिस्तदा ।
चतुर्षु वर्णेषु विधानमर्थवित्।
शुश्रूषया वृत्तगतिं समाधिना ।
समाधियुक्तः प्रययौ स्वमाश्रमम् ॥ १३.१५२.३१ ॥
Having thus declared the rule for the four social classes, the great sage, knower of the meaning, departed for his hermitage, endowed with composure, having learned the course of conduct through service and steadiness through meditation.